压差卡钻新模型的建立与分析
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摘要
压差卡钻的准确预测对于预防和减少钻井过程中卡钻事故的发生具有重要意义,目前的压差卡钻模型缺乏对钻井液泥饼与井壁压力关系的研究,模型不完善。在前人研究的基础上,根据钻井液泥饼的性质,结合压差、钻具与井壁的封闭接触面三因素建立压差卡钻预测新模型。通过压差卡钻机理分析和实例计算表明,钻井液在井壁上所形成的内泥饼与外泥饼的渗透率越接近,井壁处的压力越高,有利于预防压差卡钻的发生;如果外泥饼的质量越好,泥饼薄且耐压缩性好,发生压差卡钻后,所产生的黏附力就越小,也易解除,从而真正预防压差卡钻的发生。该研究为现场预防压差卡钻事故和钻井液设计提供了理论指导。
Accurate prediction of differential sticking plays an important role in minimizing and even preventing pipe sticking. Models presently in use for the prediction of differential sticking are not perfect, lacking studies on the relationship between mud cakes and pressures on the borehole wall. A new differential sticking prediction model has been established based on the studies made by other researchers, taking into account those factors such as the properties of mud cakes, differential pressure and the closed contact interface between drill string and borehole wall. Analyses of differential sticking mechanisms and calculation with drilling data indicated that the closer the permeability of an external mud cake to the permeability of a mud cake formed inside the formation, the higher the pressure exerted on the borehole wall, and this is beneficial to the prevention of differential sticking. A thin high quality external mud cake with good compressibility generates a low adhesion force at the time of differential sticking which is also easy to be unloaded, thereby fundamentally realizing the prevention of differential sticking. This study will provide theoretical guidance to the prevention of differential sticking in field operations and to drilling fluid program design.
Accurate prediction of differential sticking plays an important role in minimizing and even preventing pipe sticking. Models presently in use for the prediction of differential sticking are not perfect, lacking studies on the relationship between mud cakes and pressures on the borehole wall. A new differential sticking prediction model has been established based on the studies made by other researchers, taking into account those factors such as the properties of mud cakes, differential pressure and the closed contact interface between drill string and borehole wall. Analyses of differential sticking mechanisms and calculation with drilling data indicated that the closer the permeability of an external mud cake to the permeability of a mud cake formed inside the formation, the higher the pressure exerted on the borehole wall, and this is beneficial to the prevention of differential sticking. A thin high quality external mud cake with good compressibility generates a low adhesion force at the time of differential sticking which is also easy to be unloaded, thereby fundamentally realizing the prevention of differential sticking. This study will provide theoretical guidance to the prevention of differential sticking in field operations and to drilling fluid program design.
引文
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[14]宋吉明,陆玉亮,赵维青,等.海上复杂轨迹深井坍塌卡钻处理实践[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(4):461-466.SONG Jiming,LU Yuliang,ZHAO Weiqing,et al.Treatment practice of sloughing and sticking in offshore deep wells with complex trajectories[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(4):461-466.
[15]赵家明,胡家森,刘秋霞,等.定向井泥页岩地层复杂事故处理实践技术研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(1):23-29.ZHAO Jiaming,HU Jiasen,LIU Qiuxia,et al.Handling of complex accidents in shale formations of directional well[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(1):23-29.
[2]叶芊,贾相健.定向钻井中压差卡钻事故的成因及其处理方法[J].中国井矿盐,2010,41:20-22.YE Qian,JIA Xiangjian.The cause and the solution of differential pressure pipe-sticking in directional well drilling[J].China Well and Rock Salt,2010,41:20-22.
[3]刘禧元,夏廷波,张权.黏附卡钻机理与实践探讨[J].吐哈油气,2009,14(3):271-274.LIU Xiyuan,XIA Tingbo,ZHANG Quan.Mechanism and practice study oil adhesion and drill pipe sticking[J].Tuha Oil&Gas,2009,14(3):271-274.
[4]郑述全,胡卫东,欧云东.长裸眼多压力系统卡钻事故处理工艺技术应用[J].钻采工艺,2010,30(5):139-141.DENG Shuquan,HU Weidong,OU Yundong.Application of the solution of differential pressure pipesticking for long open-hole with multi-pressure system[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2010,30(5):139-141.
[5]陈荣新,陈礼斌.特殊井眼中压差卡钻的处理[J].钻采工艺,1993,16(4):86-87.CHEN Rongxin,CHEN Libin.The solution of differential pressure pipe-sticking in special well[J].Drilling&Production Technology,1993,16(4):86-87.
[6]鄢捷年.钻井液工艺学[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2001,5:366-369.YAN Jienian.Drilling fluid technology[M].Beijing:China university of petroleum press,2001,5:366-369.
[7]蒋希文.钻井事故与复杂问题(第二版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006,10:12-31.JIANG Xiwen.Drilling Accident and Complex Issues(Second Edition)[M].Beijing:Petroleum industry press,2006,10:12-31.
[8]SANTOS H.Differentially stuck pipe:early diagnostic and solution[C]//IADC/SPE Drilling Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2000.
[9]周风山,王世虎,李继勇,等.泥饼结构物理模型与数学模型研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2003,20(3):4-8.ZHOU Fengshan,WANG Shihu,LI Jiyong,et al.Mathematical&physical models for drilling fluid filter cake[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2003,20(3):4-8.
[10]周风山,赵明方,倪文学,等.泥饼厚度影响因素研究[J].西安石油学院学报:自然科学版,1999,14(5):26-28.ZHOU Fengshan,ZHAO Mingfang,NI Wenxue,et al.A study on the factors influencing the thickness of drilling fluid filter cake[J].Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute(Natural Science Edition),1999,14(5):26-28.
[11]黄立新,王昌军,罗春芝.油气层保护与内外泥饼关系的实验研究[J].断块油气田,2000,7(6):24-26.HUANG Lixin,WANG Changjun,LUO Chunzhi.An experimental study on the relationship between reservoir protection and internal and external mud cake[J].FaultBlock Oil&Gas Field,2000,7(6):24-26.
[12]张建国,杜殿发,侯健,等.油气层渗流力学(第二版)[M].北京:中国石油大学出版社,2010.5:58-73.ZHANG Jianguo,DU Dianfa,HOU Jian,et al.Hydrocarbon seepage mechanics(second edition)[M].Beijing:China university of petroleum press,2010.5:58-73.
[13]王晓冬.渗流力学基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006,9:49-53.WANG Xiaodong.The basis of seepage mechanics[M].Beijing:Petroleum industry press,2006,9:49-53.
[14]宋吉明,陆玉亮,赵维青,等.海上复杂轨迹深井坍塌卡钻处理实践[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(4):461-466.SONG Jiming,LU Yuliang,ZHAO Weiqing,et al.Treatment practice of sloughing and sticking in offshore deep wells with complex trajectories[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(4):461-466.
[15]赵家明,胡家森,刘秋霞,等.定向井泥页岩地层复杂事故处理实践技术研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(1):23-29.ZHAO Jiaming,HU Jiasen,LIU Qiuxia,et al.Handling of complex accidents in shale formations of directional well[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(1):23-29.