“旧相识”和“新重逢”:行动者网络理论与媒介(化)研究的未来——一个理论史视角
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摘要
本文旨在通过"威廉斯——西尔弗斯通——媒介化研究"之欧陆媒介社会学研究理论史的回顾,展现"行动者网络理论"(ANT)与媒介研究的关联的可能性。除去引言外,本文分为四个部分,在第一部分中,本文将探讨雷蒙德·威廉斯所开创的电视文化研究传统中蕴含的ANT研究视角;以此为契机,本文在第二部分进而转向西尔弗斯通的传播"驯服"研究,考察为何ANT与媒介研究"短暂邂逅";在第三部分中,本文将考察欧陆"媒介化"研究的崛起以及ANT与媒介理论在的"再次相遇";最后一部分为结语,本文将讨论ANT对未来媒介(化)研究的理论贡献。
Through the tradition of European media sociology study from Williams to Silverstone then to mediatization study,this paper aims at presenting the possibility for the connection between media study and Actor-Network-Theory(ANT).The first part of this paper will go with Williams’famous research of television and social changes.It argues that the concept of"mobile privatization"is inherently connected to ANT’s perspective of techniques.Then it will turn to Silverstone’s media domestication research and analyze why ANT has a separation with media study.The third part is consisted of the reunion between ANT and mediatization study and highlights the understanding of"moulding force"of media comes from ANT’s perspective.This paper also discuss the future of media(tization)study in terms of ANT’s theoretical contributions in the last part.
Through the tradition of European media sociology study from Williams to Silverstone then to mediatization study,this paper aims at presenting the possibility for the connection between media study and Actor-Network-Theory(ANT).The first part of this paper will go with Williams’famous research of television and social changes.It argues that the concept of"mobile privatization"is inherently connected to ANT’s perspective of techniques.Then it will turn to Silverstone’s media domestication research and analyze why ANT has a separation with media study.The third part is consisted of the reunion between ANT and mediatization study and highlights the understanding of"moulding force"of media comes from ANT’s perspective.This paper also discuss the future of media(tization)study in terms of ANT’s theoretical contributions in the last part.
引文
戴宇辰(2016)。走向媒介中心的社会本体论?--对欧洲“媒介化学派”的一个批判性回顾。《新闻与传播研究》,(5),47-57。
戴宇辰(2018)。媒介化研究:一种新的传播研究范式。《安徽大学学报(人文与社会科学版)》,(2),147-156。
方念萱(2016)。媒介化、行动化:媒介化理论与行动者网络理论的对话。《传播、文化与政治》,(4),55-83。
黄旦(2012)。耳目喉舌:旧知识与新交往--基于戊戌变法前后报刊的考察。《学术月刊》,(11),127-145。
黄旦(2015)。新报刊(媒介)史书写:范式的变更。《新闻与传播研究》,(12),5-19。
黄旦(2016)。报纸革命:1903年的《苏报》--媒介化政治的视角。《新闻与传播研究》,(6),22-45。
黄旦(2017)。“奇闻异事,罔不毕录”:上海“城”的移动--初期《申报》研究之二。《学术月刊》,(10),141-161。
黄典林(2016)。重读《电视话语的编码与解码》--兼评斯图亚特·霍尔对传媒文化研究的方法论贡献。《新闻与传播研究》,(5),58-72。
黄典林(2018)。媒介社会学的文化研究路径:以斯图亚特·霍尔为例。《国际新闻界》,(6),68-87。
江淑琳(2016)。科学科技研究(STS)与传播研究(communication studies)之美丽邂逅。《传播、文化与政治》(台湾),(4),i-v。
林文源(2007)。论行动者网络理论的行动本体论。《科技、医疗与社会》(台湾),(4),65-108。
孙藜(2015)。再造“中心”:电报网络与晚清政治的空间重构。《新闻与传播研究》,(12),37-61。
Boczkowski,P.,&Lievrouw,L.A.(2008).Bridging STS and communication studies:Scholarship on media and information technologies.In Hackett,E.J.,Amsterdamska,O.,Lynch M.&Wajcman,J.(Eds.).The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies(pp.949-977).Massachusetts,MA:The MIT Press.
Callon,M.&Latour,B.(1981).Unscrewing the big Leviathan:How actors macro-structure reality and how sociologists help them to do so.In Knorr-Cetina,K.&Cicourel,A.V.(Eds.).Advances in Social Theory and Methodology:Towards an Integration of Micro-and Macrosociologies(pp.277-303).London,UK:Routledge
Couldry,N.(2000).The Place of Media Power:Pilgrims and Witness of the Media Age.London,UK:Routledge.
Couldry,N.(2004).Theorising media as practice.Social Semiotics,14(2),115-132.
Couldry,N.(2005).Transvaluing media studies,or,beyond the myth of the mediated centre.In Curran,J.&Morley,D.(Eds.).Media and Culture Theory(pp.177-194).London,UK:Routledge.
Couldry,N.(2008).Actor network theory and media:Do they connect and on what terms?In Hepp,A.,Krotz,F.,Moores,S.&Winter,C.(Eds.).Connectivity,Networks and Flows:Conceptualizing Contemporary Communications(pp.93-110).Cresskill,NJ:Hampton Press,Inc.
De Valck,M.(2006).Film Festivals:History and Theory of a European Phenomenon that Became a Global Network.Amsterdam,NED:Amsterdam University Press.
Gitlin,T.(1978).Media sociology:The dominant paradigm.Theory and Society,6(2),205-253.
Friesen,N.&Hug,T.(2009).The mediatic turn:Exploring concepts for media pedagogy.In Knut Lundby(Ed.).Mediatization:Concepts,Changes,Consequences(pp.63-84).New York,NY:Peter Lang.
Hartmann,M.(2006).The triple articulation of ICTs,media as technological objects,symbolic environments and individual texts.In T.Berker,M.Hartmann,Y.Punie&K.J.Ward(Eds.).The Domestication of Media and Technology(pp.80-102).Maidenhead,UK:Open University Press.
Hepp,A.(2013a).Cultures of Mediatization.London,UK:Polity Press.
Hepp,A.(2013b).The communicative figurations of mediatized worlds:Mediatization research in times of the‘mediation of everything’.European Journal of Communication,28(6),615-629.
Hepp,A.,Breiter,A.&Hasebrink,U.(2018).Communicative Figurations:Transforming Communications in Times of Deep Mediatization.Palgrave Macmillan.
Hepp,A.&Hasebrink,U.(2014).Human interaction and communicative figurations:The transformation of mediatized cultures and societies.In Lundby,K.(Ed.).Mediatization of Communication(pp.249-272).Berlin,GER:De Gruyter.
Hepp,A.,Hjavard,S.&Lundby,K.(2010).Mediatization-Empirical perspectives:An introduction to a special issue.Communication,35,223-228.
Hepp,A.&Krotz,F.(2007,May).What'Effect'do Media Have?Mediatization and Process of SocialCultural Change.Paper presented at ICA conference,San Francisco.
Hemmingway,E.(2008).Into the Newsroom:Exploring the Digital Production of Regional Television News.Oxon,UK:Routledge.
Hjarvard,S.(2004).From bricks to bytes:The mediatization of a global toy industry.In I.Bondebjerg&P.Golding.(Eds.).European Culture and the Media(pp.43-63).Bristol,UK:Intellect Books.
Hjarvard,S.(2013).The Mediatization of Culture and Society.London,UK:Routledge.
Innis,H.(1951).The Bias of Communication.Toronto,CAN:University of Toronto Press.
Kay,A.,&Goldberg,A.(1999).Personal dynamic media.In P.A.Mayer(Ed.).Computer Media and Communication:A Reader(pp.111-119).Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press.
Krotz,F.(2007).The meta-process of mediatization'as a conceptual frame.Global Media and Communication,3(3),256-260.
Krotz,F.(2009).Mediatization:A concept with which to grasp media and social change,in Knut Lundby(Ed.).Mediatization:Concepts,Changes,Consequences(pp.21-40).New York,NY:Peter Lang.
Lasswell,H.D.(1948).The structure and function of communication in society.The Communication of Ideas,37,215-228.
Latour,B.(1986).The powers of associations.In Law,J.(Ed.).Power,Action and Belief:A New Sociology of Knowledge?(pp.264-280)London,UK:Routledge&Kegan Paul.
Latour,B.(1987)Science in Action:How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society.Buckingham,UK:Open University Press.
Latour,B.(1991).Technology is society made durable.In Law J.(Ed.).A Sociology of Monsters:Essays on Power,Technology and Domination(pp.103-131).London,UK:Routledge.
Latour,B.(1992).Where are the missing masses?Sociology of a few mundane artifacts,in Bijker,W.&Law,J.(Eds.).Shaping Technology-Building Society:Studies in Sociotechnical Change(pp.225-258.).Cambridge,UK:The MIT Press.
Latour,B.(1994).On technical mediation-philosophy,sociology,genealogy.Common Knowledge,3(2),29-64.
Latour,B.(1996a).Aramis,Or the Love of Technology.Massachusetts,MA:Harvard University Press.
Latour,B.(1996b).On interobjectivity.Media,Culture,and Activity,3(4),228-245.
Latour,B.(1999).Pandora’s Hope:Essays on the Reality of Science Studies.Massachusetts,MA:Harvard University Press.
Latour,B.(2000).The Berlin key or how to do words with things.In Graves-Brown,P.(Eds.).Matter,Materiality,and Modern Culture(pp.10-21).London,UK:Routledge.
Latour,B.(2005).Reassembling the Social:An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory.Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press.
Lazarsfeld,P.F.,&Merton,R.K.(1957).Mass communication,popular taste and organized social action.In Rosenberg,B.,&White,D.M.(Eds.).Mass Culture:The Popular Arts in America(pp.457-473).New York,NY:The Free Press.
Park,J.&Wiley,S.(2012).Communication Matters:Materialist Approaches to Media,Mobility and Networks.London,UK:Routledge.
Plesner,U.(2009).An actor-network perspective on changing work practices:Communication technologies as actants in newswork.Journalism,10(5),605-626.
Silverstone,R.(1994).Television and Everyday Life.London,UK:Routledge.
Silverstone,R.(2003).Preface to the Routledge Classics Edition.In Williams R.(Eds.).Television:Technology and Cultural Form(pp.vii-xiii).London,UK:Routledge.
Silverstone,R.,Hirsch,E.,&Morley,D.(1992).Information and communication technologies and the moral economy of the household.In Silverstone,R.&Hirsch E.(Eds.).Consuming Technologies:Media and Information in Domestic Spaces(pp.15-31).London,UK:Routledge.
Str?mb?ck,J.(2008).Four phases of mediatization:An analysis of the mediatization of politics.The International Journal of Press/Politics,13(3),228-246.
Williams,R.(1995).The Sociology of Culture.Chicago,IL:University of Chicago Press.
Williams,R.(2003).Television:Technology and Cultural Form.London,UK:Routledge.
Williams,R.(2005).Culture and Materialism:Selected Essays.London,UK:Verso.
Wajcman,J.&Jones,P.K.(2012).Border communication:Media sociology and STS.Media,Culture&Society,34(6),673-690.
戴宇辰(2018)。媒介化研究:一种新的传播研究范式。《安徽大学学报(人文与社会科学版)》,(2),147-156。
方念萱(2016)。媒介化、行动化:媒介化理论与行动者网络理论的对话。《传播、文化与政治》,(4),55-83。
黄旦(2012)。耳目喉舌:旧知识与新交往--基于戊戌变法前后报刊的考察。《学术月刊》,(11),127-145。
黄旦(2015)。新报刊(媒介)史书写:范式的变更。《新闻与传播研究》,(12),5-19。
黄旦(2016)。报纸革命:1903年的《苏报》--媒介化政治的视角。《新闻与传播研究》,(6),22-45。
黄旦(2017)。“奇闻异事,罔不毕录”:上海“城”的移动--初期《申报》研究之二。《学术月刊》,(10),141-161。
黄典林(2016)。重读《电视话语的编码与解码》--兼评斯图亚特·霍尔对传媒文化研究的方法论贡献。《新闻与传播研究》,(5),58-72。
黄典林(2018)。媒介社会学的文化研究路径:以斯图亚特·霍尔为例。《国际新闻界》,(6),68-87。
江淑琳(2016)。科学科技研究(STS)与传播研究(communication studies)之美丽邂逅。《传播、文化与政治》(台湾),(4),i-v。
林文源(2007)。论行动者网络理论的行动本体论。《科技、医疗与社会》(台湾),(4),65-108。
孙藜(2015)。再造“中心”:电报网络与晚清政治的空间重构。《新闻与传播研究》,(12),37-61。
Boczkowski,P.,&Lievrouw,L.A.(2008).Bridging STS and communication studies:Scholarship on media and information technologies.In Hackett,E.J.,Amsterdamska,O.,Lynch M.&Wajcman,J.(Eds.).The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies(pp.949-977).Massachusetts,MA:The MIT Press.
Callon,M.&Latour,B.(1981).Unscrewing the big Leviathan:How actors macro-structure reality and how sociologists help them to do so.In Knorr-Cetina,K.&Cicourel,A.V.(Eds.).Advances in Social Theory and Methodology:Towards an Integration of Micro-and Macrosociologies(pp.277-303).London,UK:Routledge
Couldry,N.(2000).The Place of Media Power:Pilgrims and Witness of the Media Age.London,UK:Routledge.
Couldry,N.(2004).Theorising media as practice.Social Semiotics,14(2),115-132.
Couldry,N.(2005).Transvaluing media studies,or,beyond the myth of the mediated centre.In Curran,J.&Morley,D.(Eds.).Media and Culture Theory(pp.177-194).London,UK:Routledge.
Couldry,N.(2008).Actor network theory and media:Do they connect and on what terms?In Hepp,A.,Krotz,F.,Moores,S.&Winter,C.(Eds.).Connectivity,Networks and Flows:Conceptualizing Contemporary Communications(pp.93-110).Cresskill,NJ:Hampton Press,Inc.
De Valck,M.(2006).Film Festivals:History and Theory of a European Phenomenon that Became a Global Network.Amsterdam,NED:Amsterdam University Press.
Gitlin,T.(1978).Media sociology:The dominant paradigm.Theory and Society,6(2),205-253.
Friesen,N.&Hug,T.(2009).The mediatic turn:Exploring concepts for media pedagogy.In Knut Lundby(Ed.).Mediatization:Concepts,Changes,Consequences(pp.63-84).New York,NY:Peter Lang.
Hartmann,M.(2006).The triple articulation of ICTs,media as technological objects,symbolic environments and individual texts.In T.Berker,M.Hartmann,Y.Punie&K.J.Ward(Eds.).The Domestication of Media and Technology(pp.80-102).Maidenhead,UK:Open University Press.
Hepp,A.(2013a).Cultures of Mediatization.London,UK:Polity Press.
Hepp,A.(2013b).The communicative figurations of mediatized worlds:Mediatization research in times of the‘mediation of everything’.European Journal of Communication,28(6),615-629.
Hepp,A.,Breiter,A.&Hasebrink,U.(2018).Communicative Figurations:Transforming Communications in Times of Deep Mediatization.Palgrave Macmillan.
Hepp,A.&Hasebrink,U.(2014).Human interaction and communicative figurations:The transformation of mediatized cultures and societies.In Lundby,K.(Ed.).Mediatization of Communication(pp.249-272).Berlin,GER:De Gruyter.
Hepp,A.,Hjavard,S.&Lundby,K.(2010).Mediatization-Empirical perspectives:An introduction to a special issue.Communication,35,223-228.
Hepp,A.&Krotz,F.(2007,May).What'Effect'do Media Have?Mediatization and Process of SocialCultural Change.Paper presented at ICA conference,San Francisco.
Hemmingway,E.(2008).Into the Newsroom:Exploring the Digital Production of Regional Television News.Oxon,UK:Routledge.
Hjarvard,S.(2004).From bricks to bytes:The mediatization of a global toy industry.In I.Bondebjerg&P.Golding.(Eds.).European Culture and the Media(pp.43-63).Bristol,UK:Intellect Books.
Hjarvard,S.(2013).The Mediatization of Culture and Society.London,UK:Routledge.
Innis,H.(1951).The Bias of Communication.Toronto,CAN:University of Toronto Press.
Kay,A.,&Goldberg,A.(1999).Personal dynamic media.In P.A.Mayer(Ed.).Computer Media and Communication:A Reader(pp.111-119).Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press.
Krotz,F.(2007).The meta-process of mediatization'as a conceptual frame.Global Media and Communication,3(3),256-260.
Krotz,F.(2009).Mediatization:A concept with which to grasp media and social change,in Knut Lundby(Ed.).Mediatization:Concepts,Changes,Consequences(pp.21-40).New York,NY:Peter Lang.
Lasswell,H.D.(1948).The structure and function of communication in society.The Communication of Ideas,37,215-228.
Latour,B.(1986).The powers of associations.In Law,J.(Ed.).Power,Action and Belief:A New Sociology of Knowledge?(pp.264-280)London,UK:Routledge&Kegan Paul.
Latour,B.(1987)Science in Action:How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society.Buckingham,UK:Open University Press.
Latour,B.(1991).Technology is society made durable.In Law J.(Ed.).A Sociology of Monsters:Essays on Power,Technology and Domination(pp.103-131).London,UK:Routledge.
Latour,B.(1992).Where are the missing masses?Sociology of a few mundane artifacts,in Bijker,W.&Law,J.(Eds.).Shaping Technology-Building Society:Studies in Sociotechnical Change(pp.225-258.).Cambridge,UK:The MIT Press.
Latour,B.(1994).On technical mediation-philosophy,sociology,genealogy.Common Knowledge,3(2),29-64.
Latour,B.(1996a).Aramis,Or the Love of Technology.Massachusetts,MA:Harvard University Press.
Latour,B.(1996b).On interobjectivity.Media,Culture,and Activity,3(4),228-245.
Latour,B.(1999).Pandora’s Hope:Essays on the Reality of Science Studies.Massachusetts,MA:Harvard University Press.
Latour,B.(2000).The Berlin key or how to do words with things.In Graves-Brown,P.(Eds.).Matter,Materiality,and Modern Culture(pp.10-21).London,UK:Routledge.
Latour,B.(2005).Reassembling the Social:An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory.Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press.
Lazarsfeld,P.F.,&Merton,R.K.(1957).Mass communication,popular taste and organized social action.In Rosenberg,B.,&White,D.M.(Eds.).Mass Culture:The Popular Arts in America(pp.457-473).New York,NY:The Free Press.
Park,J.&Wiley,S.(2012).Communication Matters:Materialist Approaches to Media,Mobility and Networks.London,UK:Routledge.
Plesner,U.(2009).An actor-network perspective on changing work practices:Communication technologies as actants in newswork.Journalism,10(5),605-626.
Silverstone,R.(1994).Television and Everyday Life.London,UK:Routledge.
Silverstone,R.(2003).Preface to the Routledge Classics Edition.In Williams R.(Eds.).Television:Technology and Cultural Form(pp.vii-xiii).London,UK:Routledge.
Silverstone,R.,Hirsch,E.,&Morley,D.(1992).Information and communication technologies and the moral economy of the household.In Silverstone,R.&Hirsch E.(Eds.).Consuming Technologies:Media and Information in Domestic Spaces(pp.15-31).London,UK:Routledge.
Str?mb?ck,J.(2008).Four phases of mediatization:An analysis of the mediatization of politics.The International Journal of Press/Politics,13(3),228-246.
Williams,R.(1995).The Sociology of Culture.Chicago,IL:University of Chicago Press.
Williams,R.(2003).Television:Technology and Cultural Form.London,UK:Routledge.
Williams,R.(2005).Culture and Materialism:Selected Essays.London,UK:Verso.
Wajcman,J.&Jones,P.K.(2012).Border communication:Media sociology and STS.Media,Culture&Society,34(6),673-690.