新疆克拉玛依市玛依湖区的鸟类多样性
|
摘要
2017年7月～2018年6月,采用样线法和样点法,对克拉玛依市东部玛纳斯河下游的玛依湖区(分为上湖区、中湖区和下湖区)的鸟类资源进行了调查,分析了鸟类群落多样性及其季节变化。研究结果显示,在玛依湖区,共记录到鸟类17目39科99种;其中,有留鸟13种(占该区鸟类总物种数量的13.1%),冬候鸟7种(占7.1%),夏候鸟55种(占55.6%),旅鸟24种(占24.2%);在鸟类区系方面,有北方广布种37种(占37.4%),古北种29种(占29.3%),全北种20种(占20.2%),中亚种11种(占11.1%),东洋种2种(占2.0%);该区鸟类群落的优势种为毛腿沙鸡(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)和崖沙燕(Riparia riparia);该区有国家一级重点保护鸟类2种,国家二级重点保护鸟类18种,国家有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物56种,新疆维吾尔自治区一级重点保护鸟类4种,新疆维吾尔自治区二级重点保护鸟类8种;上湖区中鸟类群落的物种数量、个体数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数都相对最大;与夏季和冬季相比,春季和秋季鸟类群落的物种数量、个体数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和丰富度指数都相对偏大;对鸟类食性统计发现,在玛依湖区,食肉—食虫性鸟最多,有60种,植食性鸟最少,仅有9种,还有杂食鸟30种。
From July 2017 to June 2018, the bird resources were investigated in the lower reaches of the Manas River(also known as Mayi Lake, divided into upper lake, middle lake and lower lake) in the eastern part of Karamay City using the line transect and point-count methods, and the diversity of bird communities and its seasonal dynamics were analyzed. The results showed that 17 orders, 39 families and 99 species of birds were recorded, including 13 species of resident(13.1%), 7 species of winter visitors(7.1%), 55 species of summer visitors(55.6%), and 24 species of passage migrant(24.2%). As for the fauna, there were 37 species, 29 species, 20 species, 11 species and 2 species belonging to widely distributed(37.4%), ancient north pattern species(29.3%), whole north pattern species(20.2%), central Asia pattern species(11.1%) and oriental realm species(2.0%). The dominant species were pallas' s sandgrouse(Syrrhaptes paradoxus) and bank swallow(Riparia riparia); and there were 2 kinds of key protection birds at national first class level, 18 kinds of key protection birds at national second class level, 56 kinds of national territorial wildlife species with important economic or scientific value; and there were 4 kinds of protection birds at provincial first class level in Xinjiang,and 8 kinds of protection birds at provincial second class level in Xinjiang. The numbers of species and individuals, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, richness index and Pielou index of the upper lake area were the highest. The ones in spring and autumn were higher than those in summer and winter. There were 60 species were carnivorous, 30 species were omnivorous, and 9 species were herbivorous in the study area.
From July 2017 to June 2018, the bird resources were investigated in the lower reaches of the Manas River(also known as Mayi Lake, divided into upper lake, middle lake and lower lake) in the eastern part of Karamay City using the line transect and point-count methods, and the diversity of bird communities and its seasonal dynamics were analyzed. The results showed that 17 orders, 39 families and 99 species of birds were recorded, including 13 species of resident(13.1%), 7 species of winter visitors(7.1%), 55 species of summer visitors(55.6%), and 24 species of passage migrant(24.2%). As for the fauna, there were 37 species, 29 species, 20 species, 11 species and 2 species belonging to widely distributed(37.4%), ancient north pattern species(29.3%), whole north pattern species(20.2%), central Asia pattern species(11.1%) and oriental realm species(2.0%). The dominant species were pallas' s sandgrouse(Syrrhaptes paradoxus) and bank swallow(Riparia riparia); and there were 2 kinds of key protection birds at national first class level, 18 kinds of key protection birds at national second class level, 56 kinds of national territorial wildlife species with important economic or scientific value; and there were 4 kinds of protection birds at provincial first class level in Xinjiang,and 8 kinds of protection birds at provincial second class level in Xinjiang. The numbers of species and individuals, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, richness index and Pielou index of the upper lake area were the highest. The ones in spring and autumn were higher than those in summer and winter. There were 60 species were carnivorous, 30 species were omnivorous, and 9 species were herbivorous in the study area.
引文
[1]林石狮,田穗兴,王英永,等. 2007~2011年深圳湾鸟类多样性组成和结构变化[J].湿地科学, 2017, 1155(2):163-172.
[2]吴渊,刘亚东,孙万兵,等. 2016年张家口康巴诺尔国家湿地公园水鸟多样性[J].湿地科学, 2017, 1155(2):237-243.
[3]卞晓燕,苗春林,司万童,等. 2016年春季包头南海子湿地鸟类多样性调查[J].湿地科学, 2018, 1166(3):347-351.
[4]王强,吕宪国.鸟类在湿地生态系统监测与评价中的应用[J].湿地科学, 2007, 5555(3):274-281.
[5]袁军,吕宪国.湿地功能评价研究进展[J].湿地科学, 2004, 22(2):153-160.
[6]徐峰,杨维康,徐文轩,等.新疆准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠环境的鸟类[J].四川动物, 2012, 3311(6):980-982.
[7]马敬能·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社, 2000.
[8]张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011.
[9]高行宜.新疆脊椎动物种和亚种分类与分布名录[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社, 2005.
[10]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M]. 3版.北京:科学出版社, 2017.
[11]马鸣.新疆鸟类分布名录[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011.
[12]王岐山,马鸣,高育仁.中国动物志(鸟纲,第五卷)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006.
[13]钱迎倩,马克平.生物多样性研究原理与方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1994.
[14]戈峰.现代生态学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008.
[15]Howes J, Bakewell D, Bureau A W. Shorebird studies manual[M]. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia:Asian Wetland Bureau, 1989.
[16]郑光美.鸟类学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2012.
[17]马鸣,胡宝文,梅宇,等.昆仑山中段初冬鸟类调查及其多样性分析[J].干旱区研究, 2010, 2277(2):230-235.
[18]马鸣,陆健健.新疆的湿地及其水禽[J].生物多样性, 1997, 5(专辑):10-14.
[19]Ma Ming. Important bird areas(IBAs)with globally threatened birds of Xinjiang, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Arid Land Research, 2000, 1100(2):281-284.
[20]罗子君,周立志,顾长明.阜阳市重要湿地夏季鸟类多样性研究[J].生态科学, 2012, 3311(5):530-537.
[21]宫蕾,张黎黎,周立志,等.长江中下游安庆沿江湖泊湿地夏季鸟类多样性调查[J].湖泊科学, 2013, 255(6):872-882.
[22]孙继旭,项凤影,马云,等.黑龙江小北湖保护区春季鸟类多样性研究[J].国土与自然资源研究, 2017,(4):93-96.
[23]高智晟,肖茹心,任阿楠,等.黑龙江呼兰河口湿地自然保护区夏季鸟类群落结构及多样性[J].四川动物, 2015, 3344(2):285-289.
[24]周景英,钱英,魏秀宏,等.内蒙古图牧吉自然保护区春季迁徙水鸟多样性研究[J].国土与自然资源研究, 2013,(4):86-88.
[25]范喜顺,王金平,陈方伟.新疆石河子垦区湿地鸟类的区系组成与群落多样性[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版, 2007, 25(6):73-77.
[26]刘彬,张海燕.博斯腾湖湿地鸟类区系及类群多样性分析[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2015, 2299(7):160-165.
[27]彭健,金学林,冰梅,等.新疆甘家湖自然保护区春季鸟类群落多样性研究[J].四川动物, 2008, 2277(4):666-670.
[28]马鸣.新疆青格达湖湿地自然保护区及周边地区的鸟类[J].动物学杂志, 2013, 4488(5):781-787.
[29]张德喜.不同人工湿地植物对生活污水净化效果研究[J].基因组学与应用生物学, 2018, 3377(4):1621-1628.
[30]孙勇,邓昶身,鲁长虎.芦苇收割对太湖国家湿地公园冬季鸟类多样性和空间分布的影响[J].湿地科学, 2014, 1122(6):697-702.
[31]陆健健,何文珊,童春富,等.湿地生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[32]陆健健,何文珊,童春富,等.湿地生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[33]马鸣,才代,纪荣博,等.野生天鹅[M].北京:中国气象出版社,1993.
[34]Ma Ming, Cai Dai. Swans in China[M]. Maple Plain:the Trumpeter Swan Society, Minnesota USA, 2002.
[2]吴渊,刘亚东,孙万兵,等. 2016年张家口康巴诺尔国家湿地公园水鸟多样性[J].湿地科学, 2017, 1155(2):237-243.
[3]卞晓燕,苗春林,司万童,等. 2016年春季包头南海子湿地鸟类多样性调查[J].湿地科学, 2018, 1166(3):347-351.
[4]王强,吕宪国.鸟类在湿地生态系统监测与评价中的应用[J].湿地科学, 2007, 5555(3):274-281.
[5]袁军,吕宪国.湿地功能评价研究进展[J].湿地科学, 2004, 22(2):153-160.
[6]徐峰,杨维康,徐文轩,等.新疆准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠环境的鸟类[J].四川动物, 2012, 3311(6):980-982.
[7]马敬能·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社, 2000.
[8]张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011.
[9]高行宜.新疆脊椎动物种和亚种分类与分布名录[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社, 2005.
[10]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M]. 3版.北京:科学出版社, 2017.
[11]马鸣.新疆鸟类分布名录[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011.
[12]王岐山,马鸣,高育仁.中国动物志(鸟纲,第五卷)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006.
[13]钱迎倩,马克平.生物多样性研究原理与方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1994.
[14]戈峰.现代生态学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008.
[15]Howes J, Bakewell D, Bureau A W. Shorebird studies manual[M]. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia:Asian Wetland Bureau, 1989.
[16]郑光美.鸟类学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2012.
[17]马鸣,胡宝文,梅宇,等.昆仑山中段初冬鸟类调查及其多样性分析[J].干旱区研究, 2010, 2277(2):230-235.
[18]马鸣,陆健健.新疆的湿地及其水禽[J].生物多样性, 1997, 5(专辑):10-14.
[19]Ma Ming. Important bird areas(IBAs)with globally threatened birds of Xinjiang, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Arid Land Research, 2000, 1100(2):281-284.
[20]罗子君,周立志,顾长明.阜阳市重要湿地夏季鸟类多样性研究[J].生态科学, 2012, 3311(5):530-537.
[21]宫蕾,张黎黎,周立志,等.长江中下游安庆沿江湖泊湿地夏季鸟类多样性调查[J].湖泊科学, 2013, 255(6):872-882.
[22]孙继旭,项凤影,马云,等.黑龙江小北湖保护区春季鸟类多样性研究[J].国土与自然资源研究, 2017,(4):93-96.
[23]高智晟,肖茹心,任阿楠,等.黑龙江呼兰河口湿地自然保护区夏季鸟类群落结构及多样性[J].四川动物, 2015, 3344(2):285-289.
[24]周景英,钱英,魏秀宏,等.内蒙古图牧吉自然保护区春季迁徙水鸟多样性研究[J].国土与自然资源研究, 2013,(4):86-88.
[25]范喜顺,王金平,陈方伟.新疆石河子垦区湿地鸟类的区系组成与群落多样性[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版, 2007, 25(6):73-77.
[26]刘彬,张海燕.博斯腾湖湿地鸟类区系及类群多样性分析[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2015, 2299(7):160-165.
[27]彭健,金学林,冰梅,等.新疆甘家湖自然保护区春季鸟类群落多样性研究[J].四川动物, 2008, 2277(4):666-670.
[28]马鸣.新疆青格达湖湿地自然保护区及周边地区的鸟类[J].动物学杂志, 2013, 4488(5):781-787.
[29]张德喜.不同人工湿地植物对生活污水净化效果研究[J].基因组学与应用生物学, 2018, 3377(4):1621-1628.
[30]孙勇,邓昶身,鲁长虎.芦苇收割对太湖国家湿地公园冬季鸟类多样性和空间分布的影响[J].湿地科学, 2014, 1122(6):697-702.
[31]陆健健,何文珊,童春富,等.湿地生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[32]陆健健,何文珊,童春富,等.湿地生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[33]马鸣,才代,纪荣博,等.野生天鹅[M].北京:中国气象出版社,1993.
[34]Ma Ming, Cai Dai. Swans in China[M]. Maple Plain:the Trumpeter Swan Society, Minnesota USA, 2002.