台湾高校大陆学生休闲参与及阻碍研究
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摘要
为揭示台湾高校大陆学生的休闲参与和阻碍状况,依据306份抽样问卷调查数据进行统计分析。结果表明:大陆学生在台期间的休闲参与较为充分,面临较低的休闲阻碍,显著区别于其他跨境求学群体;大陆学生在台期间面临社会支持、结构性和个人条件三类休闲阻碍;个人条件阻碍负向影响游憩型和娱乐型活动的参与,社会支持阻碍负向影响社交型活动的参与。应重视大陆学生在台湾地区的休闲实践,切实保障其休闲权益,发挥大陆学生在两岸民间交流融合方面的积极作用,以实现两岸和平统一的美好愿景。
A statistical analysis was made on the basis of 306 sampling questionnaire data in order to reveal the leisure participation and hindrance of the mainland students in Taiwan colleges and universities. The findings show that the mainland students are deeply involved in leisure activities during their stay in Taiwan and face lower leisure barriers, which are significantly different from those of other cross-border study groups, and that they are confronted with three kinds of leisure obstacles including social support, structural and personal conditions. On the other hand, personal conditions hinder the students from engaging in their recreational activities while social support has a negative impact on their social events. Therefore, we should attach importance to their leisure practice, protect their leisure rights and interests and give full play to their positive role in the integration of the cross-Strait non-governmental exchanges so as to realize the beautiful vision of peaceful reunification between the two sides.
A statistical analysis was made on the basis of 306 sampling questionnaire data in order to reveal the leisure participation and hindrance of the mainland students in Taiwan colleges and universities. The findings show that the mainland students are deeply involved in leisure activities during their stay in Taiwan and face lower leisure barriers, which are significantly different from those of other cross-border study groups, and that they are confronted with three kinds of leisure obstacles including social support, structural and personal conditions. On the other hand, personal conditions hinder the students from engaging in their recreational activities while social support has a negative impact on their social events. Therefore, we should attach importance to their leisure practice, protect their leisure rights and interests and give full play to their positive role in the integration of the cross-Strait non-governmental exchanges so as to realize the beautiful vision of peaceful reunification between the two sides.
引文
[1] Y.C.Liu & Y.Y.Hung,“Self-efficacy as the Moderator:Exploring Driving Factors of Perceived Social Support for Mainland Chinese Students in Taiwan”,Computers in Human Behavior,2016,64:455-462;陈羿君、王晓晓、朱江容等:《文化交流视角下的两岸大学交流生生活适应对比研究》,《高等教育研究》2014年第5期,第71-77页;吴乐杨:《台湾高校大陆学生群体社会政治实践行为分析》,《中国青年研究》2016年第8期,第41-46页。
[2] 张宝蓉、刘国深、肖日葵等:《在台湾高校就读陆生社会适应性与满意度研究》,《台湾研究集刊》2014年第4期,第1-10页。
[3] 周星:《大学生日常休闲活动的动机与障碍》,《中国青年研究》2005年第8期,第80-83页。
[4] M.Z.Li & M.Stodolska,“Working for a Dream and Living for the Future:Leisure Constraints and Negotiation Strategies among Chinese International Graduate Students”,Leisure/Loisir,2007,31(1):105-132.
[5] M.G.Ragheb,“Interrelationships among Leisure Participation,Leisure Satisfaction and Leisure Attitudes”,Journal of Leisure Research,1980,12(2):138-149.
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[7] W.Zhang,Q.Feng,J.Lacanienta et al.,“Leisure Participation and Subjective Well-being:Exploring Gender Differences among Elderly in Shanghai,China”,Archives of Gerontology & Geriatrics,2017,69:45-54.
[8] L.L.Caldwell,E.A.Smith & E.Weissinger,“The Relationship of Leisure Activities and Perceived Health of College Students”,Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure,1992,15(2):545-556.
[9] S.E.Doerksen,S.Elavsky,A.L.Rebar et al.,“Weekly Fluctuations in College Student Leisure Activities and Well-being”,Leisure Sciences,2014,36(1):14-34.
[10] 吴崇旗、王伟琴:《大学生休闲参与、休闲满意与主观幸福感之相关研究》,《台湾体育运动管理学报》(台北)2006年第4期,第153-168页。
[11] 王微茹、林芳仪、王正平等:《台北市大学生之休闲参与及幸福感之研究》,《休闲与游憩研究》(高雄)2008年第2卷第2期,第131-167页。
[12] A.F.Patterson,Leisure,Engagement,and Social Integration of Low Socioeconomic Status African American Male College Students,North Carolina State University,2015.
[13] D.W.Crawford & G.Godbey,“Reconceptualizing Barriers to Family Leisure”,Leisure Sciences,1987,9(2):119-127;L.Raymore,G.Godbey,D.W.Crawford et al,“Nature and Process of Leisure Constraints:An Empirical Test”,Leisure Sciences,1993,15(2):99-113.
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[15] [加拿大]埃德加·杰克逊:《休闲的制约》,凌平、刘晓杰、刘慧梅译,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2009年。
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[17] J.Hubbard & R.C.Mannell,“Testing Competing Models of the Leisure Constraint Negotiation Process in a Corporate Employee Recreation Setting”,Leisure Sciences,2001,23(3):145-163.
[18] J.S.Son,A.J.Mowen & D.L.Kerstetter,“Testing Alternative Leisure Constraint Negotiation Models:An Extension of Hubbard and Mannell's Study”,Leisure Sciences,2008,30(3):198-216.
[19] T.Kay & G.Jackson,“Leisure Despite Constraint:The Impact of Leisure Constraints on Leisure Participation”,Journal of Leisure Research,1991,23(4):301-313.
[20] S.M.Shaw,A.Bonen & J.F.McCabe,“Do More Constraints Mean Less Leisure?Examining the Relationship between Constraints and Participation”,Journal of Leisure Research,1991,23(4):286-300.
[21] E.L.Jackson,D.W.Crawford & G.Godbey,“Negotiation of Leisure Constraints”,Leisure Sciences,1993,15(1):1-11.
[22] J.Henrich,S.J.Heine & A.Norenzayan,“The Weirdest People in the World?”,Behavioral & Brain Sciences,2010,33:61-83;L.He,X.Li,R.Harrill et al,“Examining Japanese Tourists' US-bound Travel Constraints”,Current Issues in Tourism,2014,17(8):705-722;E.Dong & G.Chick,“Leisure Constraints in Six Chinese Cities”,Leisure Sciences,2012,34(5):417-435.
[23] 林岚、施林颖:《国外休闲制约研究进展及启示》,《地理科学进展》2012年第31卷第10期,第1377-1389页。
[24] K.Hung & J.F.Petrick,“Comparing Constraints to Cruising Between Cruisers and Non-cruisers:A Test of the Constraint-effects-mitigation Model”,Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,2012,29(3):242-262.
[25] M.Cho,M.A.Bonn & R.A.Brymer,“A Constraint-based Approach to Wine Tourism Market Segmentation”,Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research,2017,41(4):415-444;M.A.Bonn,M.Cho,J.J.Lee et al,“A Multilevel Analysis of the Effects of Wine Destination Attributes on Travel Constraints and Revisit Intention”,International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2016,28(11):2399-2421.
[26] L.He,X.Li,R.Harrill et al,“Examining Japanese Tourists' US-bound Travel Constraints”,Current Issues in Tourism,2014,17(8):705-722;P.M.C.Lin,H.Qiu Zhang,Q.Gu et al,“To Go or Not to Go:Travel Constraints and Attractiveness of Travel Affecting Outbound Chinese Tourists to Japan”,Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,2017,34(1):1184-1197.
[27] Y.Park,T.Yoh & M.Park,“Testing a Leisure Constraints Model in the Context of Asian International Students”,International Journal of Sport Management Recreation & Tourism,2015,20:58-83.
[28] S.Hudson,T.Hinch,G.Walker et al,“Constraints to Sport Tourism:A Cross-cultural Analysis”,Journal of Sport & Tourism,2010,15(1):71-88.
[29] M.Cheng,A.Wong & B.Prideaux,“Political Travel Constraint:The Role of Chinese Popular Nationalism”,Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,2017,34(3):383-397.
[30] 康正男、黄国恩、连玉辉等:《大学生参与休闲运动之研究——以台湾大学为例》,《台湾体育运动管理学报》(台北)2008年第7期,第33-51页。
[31] Y.Park,T.Yoh & M.Park,“Testing a Leisure Constraints Model in the Context of Asian International Students”,International Journal of Sport Management Recreation & Tourism,2015,20:58-83;G.J.Walker,E.L.Jackson & J.Deng,“Culture and Leisure Constraints:A Comparison of Canadian and Mainland Chinese University Students”,Journal of Leisure Research,2007,39(4):567-590.
[32] D.J.Elkins,B.A.Beggs & E.Choutka,“The Contribution of Constraint Negotiation to the Leisure Satisfaction of College Students in Campus Recreational Sports”,Recreational Sports Journal,2007,31:107-118;林坤和、李建霖、黄淑玲等:《南区大专校院运动代表队学生在休闲参与、休闲阻碍与幸福感之相关研究》,《人文与社会学报》(高雄)2009年第2卷第4期,第195-218页。
[34] L.Raymore,G.Godbey,D.W.Crawford et al,“Nature and Process of Leisure Constraints:An Empirical Test”,Leisure Sciences,1993,15(2):99-113.
[35] [43]李秋云、韩国圣:《大学生休闲阻碍因素的阻力分析——基于休闲参与度视角》,《北京第二外国语学院学报》2011年第11期,第75-80页。
[36] 蔡馨栴:《探讨大专院校学生忧郁倾向、休闲活动参与及休闲阻碍之关系》,台湾成功大学硕士学位论文,2011年。
[37] [45]洪升呈、辛丽华:《大专学生休闲阻碍研究》,《运动知识学报》(新北)2010年第7期,第24-39页。
[38] 艾明江、位鸣玉:《大陆青年学生在台湾的社会交往现状分析——基于大陆“交换生”群体的实证调查》,《台湾研究集刊》2014年第2期,第40-47页。
[39] [41]乔光辉:《在韩中国留学生和韩国大学生休闲阻碍因素比较研究》,《学术探索》2012年第11期,第55-57页;G.H.Qiao,“Comparison of Chinese and Korean Students Understanding Their Constraints on Participation of Leisure Activities Context of Environmental Education”,Eurasia Journal of Mathematics,Science and Technology Education,2017,13(7):4281-4290.
[40] R.Shifman,K.Moss,G.D'Andrade et al.,“A Comparison of Constraints to Participation in Intramural Sports between International and Noninternational Students”,Recreational Sports Journal,2012,36:2-12.
[42] [46]李卫飞:《在华留学生户外休闲障碍研究》,《电子科技大学学报(社科版)》2015年第17卷第2期,第107-112页。
[44] 丁美丽:《泰国在台留学生跨文化适应、休闲行为涉入、参与动机、阻碍与满意度影响关系之研究》,台湾高雄餐旅学院硕士学位论文,2009年。
[48] 陈超、蔡一村、张遂新:《“实用主义的过客”:台湾青年在大陆社会融入的指标建构与现状评估》,《台湾研究集刊》2018年第1期,第15-25页。
[49] 刘国深:《两岸和平发展价值观社会化探析》,《台湾研究集刊》2012年第6期,第7-13页。
[50] [51]唐桦:《两岸青年交流的制度化研究》,《台湾研究集刊》2015年第5期,第25-31页。
[52] 艾明江、位鸣玉:《大陆青年学生在台湾的社会交往现状分析——基于大陆“交换生”群体的实证调查》,《台湾研究集刊》2014年第2期,第40-47页;龙丁江、陶印华:《日常休闲对流动儿童社会融合的影响》,《当代青年研究》2016年第6期,第71-76页。
[2] 张宝蓉、刘国深、肖日葵等:《在台湾高校就读陆生社会适应性与满意度研究》,《台湾研究集刊》2014年第4期,第1-10页。
[3] 周星:《大学生日常休闲活动的动机与障碍》,《中国青年研究》2005年第8期,第80-83页。
[4] M.Z.Li & M.Stodolska,“Working for a Dream and Living for the Future:Leisure Constraints and Negotiation Strategies among Chinese International Graduate Students”,Leisure/Loisir,2007,31(1):105-132.
[5] M.G.Ragheb,“Interrelationships among Leisure Participation,Leisure Satisfaction and Leisure Attitudes”,Journal of Leisure Research,1980,12(2):138-149.
[6] [33]张晓秋、易芳:《小学高年级学生休闲参与、休闲阻碍与休闲满意度的关系》,《沈阳体育学院学报》2013年第32卷第4期,第69-74页。
[7] W.Zhang,Q.Feng,J.Lacanienta et al.,“Leisure Participation and Subjective Well-being:Exploring Gender Differences among Elderly in Shanghai,China”,Archives of Gerontology & Geriatrics,2017,69:45-54.
[8] L.L.Caldwell,E.A.Smith & E.Weissinger,“The Relationship of Leisure Activities and Perceived Health of College Students”,Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure,1992,15(2):545-556.
[9] S.E.Doerksen,S.Elavsky,A.L.Rebar et al.,“Weekly Fluctuations in College Student Leisure Activities and Well-being”,Leisure Sciences,2014,36(1):14-34.
[10] 吴崇旗、王伟琴:《大学生休闲参与、休闲满意与主观幸福感之相关研究》,《台湾体育运动管理学报》(台北)2006年第4期,第153-168页。
[11] 王微茹、林芳仪、王正平等:《台北市大学生之休闲参与及幸福感之研究》,《休闲与游憩研究》(高雄)2008年第2卷第2期,第131-167页。
[12] A.F.Patterson,Leisure,Engagement,and Social Integration of Low Socioeconomic Status African American Male College Students,North Carolina State University,2015.
[13] D.W.Crawford & G.Godbey,“Reconceptualizing Barriers to Family Leisure”,Leisure Sciences,1987,9(2):119-127;L.Raymore,G.Godbey,D.W.Crawford et al,“Nature and Process of Leisure Constraints:An Empirical Test”,Leisure Sciences,1993,15(2):99-113.
[14] L.Raymore,G.Godbey,D.W.Crawford et al,“Nature and Process of Leisure Constraints:An Empirical Test”,Leisure Sciences,1993,15(2):99-113;D.W.Crawford,E.L.Jackson & G.Godbey,“A Hierarchical Model of Leisure Constraints”,Leisure Sciences,1991,13(4):309-320.
[15] [加拿大]埃德加·杰克逊:《休闲的制约》,凌平、刘晓杰、刘慧梅译,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2009年。
[16] [47]D.W.Crawford,E.L.Jackson & G.Godbey,“A Hierarchical Model of Leisure Constraints”,Leisure Sciences,1991,13(4):309-320.
[17] J.Hubbard & R.C.Mannell,“Testing Competing Models of the Leisure Constraint Negotiation Process in a Corporate Employee Recreation Setting”,Leisure Sciences,2001,23(3):145-163.
[18] J.S.Son,A.J.Mowen & D.L.Kerstetter,“Testing Alternative Leisure Constraint Negotiation Models:An Extension of Hubbard and Mannell's Study”,Leisure Sciences,2008,30(3):198-216.
[19] T.Kay & G.Jackson,“Leisure Despite Constraint:The Impact of Leisure Constraints on Leisure Participation”,Journal of Leisure Research,1991,23(4):301-313.
[20] S.M.Shaw,A.Bonen & J.F.McCabe,“Do More Constraints Mean Less Leisure?Examining the Relationship between Constraints and Participation”,Journal of Leisure Research,1991,23(4):286-300.
[21] E.L.Jackson,D.W.Crawford & G.Godbey,“Negotiation of Leisure Constraints”,Leisure Sciences,1993,15(1):1-11.
[22] J.Henrich,S.J.Heine & A.Norenzayan,“The Weirdest People in the World?”,Behavioral & Brain Sciences,2010,33:61-83;L.He,X.Li,R.Harrill et al,“Examining Japanese Tourists' US-bound Travel Constraints”,Current Issues in Tourism,2014,17(8):705-722;E.Dong & G.Chick,“Leisure Constraints in Six Chinese Cities”,Leisure Sciences,2012,34(5):417-435.
[23] 林岚、施林颖:《国外休闲制约研究进展及启示》,《地理科学进展》2012年第31卷第10期,第1377-1389页。
[24] K.Hung & J.F.Petrick,“Comparing Constraints to Cruising Between Cruisers and Non-cruisers:A Test of the Constraint-effects-mitigation Model”,Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,2012,29(3):242-262.
[25] M.Cho,M.A.Bonn & R.A.Brymer,“A Constraint-based Approach to Wine Tourism Market Segmentation”,Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research,2017,41(4):415-444;M.A.Bonn,M.Cho,J.J.Lee et al,“A Multilevel Analysis of the Effects of Wine Destination Attributes on Travel Constraints and Revisit Intention”,International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2016,28(11):2399-2421.
[26] L.He,X.Li,R.Harrill et al,“Examining Japanese Tourists' US-bound Travel Constraints”,Current Issues in Tourism,2014,17(8):705-722;P.M.C.Lin,H.Qiu Zhang,Q.Gu et al,“To Go or Not to Go:Travel Constraints and Attractiveness of Travel Affecting Outbound Chinese Tourists to Japan”,Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,2017,34(1):1184-1197.
[27] Y.Park,T.Yoh & M.Park,“Testing a Leisure Constraints Model in the Context of Asian International Students”,International Journal of Sport Management Recreation & Tourism,2015,20:58-83.
[28] S.Hudson,T.Hinch,G.Walker et al,“Constraints to Sport Tourism:A Cross-cultural Analysis”,Journal of Sport & Tourism,2010,15(1):71-88.
[29] M.Cheng,A.Wong & B.Prideaux,“Political Travel Constraint:The Role of Chinese Popular Nationalism”,Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,2017,34(3):383-397.
[30] 康正男、黄国恩、连玉辉等:《大学生参与休闲运动之研究——以台湾大学为例》,《台湾体育运动管理学报》(台北)2008年第7期,第33-51页。
[31] Y.Park,T.Yoh & M.Park,“Testing a Leisure Constraints Model in the Context of Asian International Students”,International Journal of Sport Management Recreation & Tourism,2015,20:58-83;G.J.Walker,E.L.Jackson & J.Deng,“Culture and Leisure Constraints:A Comparison of Canadian and Mainland Chinese University Students”,Journal of Leisure Research,2007,39(4):567-590.
[32] D.J.Elkins,B.A.Beggs & E.Choutka,“The Contribution of Constraint Negotiation to the Leisure Satisfaction of College Students in Campus Recreational Sports”,Recreational Sports Journal,2007,31:107-118;林坤和、李建霖、黄淑玲等:《南区大专校院运动代表队学生在休闲参与、休闲阻碍与幸福感之相关研究》,《人文与社会学报》(高雄)2009年第2卷第4期,第195-218页。
[34] L.Raymore,G.Godbey,D.W.Crawford et al,“Nature and Process of Leisure Constraints:An Empirical Test”,Leisure Sciences,1993,15(2):99-113.
[35] [43]李秋云、韩国圣:《大学生休闲阻碍因素的阻力分析——基于休闲参与度视角》,《北京第二外国语学院学报》2011年第11期,第75-80页。
[36] 蔡馨栴:《探讨大专院校学生忧郁倾向、休闲活动参与及休闲阻碍之关系》,台湾成功大学硕士学位论文,2011年。
[37] [45]洪升呈、辛丽华:《大专学生休闲阻碍研究》,《运动知识学报》(新北)2010年第7期,第24-39页。
[38] 艾明江、位鸣玉:《大陆青年学生在台湾的社会交往现状分析——基于大陆“交换生”群体的实证调查》,《台湾研究集刊》2014年第2期,第40-47页。
[39] [41]乔光辉:《在韩中国留学生和韩国大学生休闲阻碍因素比较研究》,《学术探索》2012年第11期,第55-57页;G.H.Qiao,“Comparison of Chinese and Korean Students Understanding Their Constraints on Participation of Leisure Activities Context of Environmental Education”,Eurasia Journal of Mathematics,Science and Technology Education,2017,13(7):4281-4290.
[40] R.Shifman,K.Moss,G.D'Andrade et al.,“A Comparison of Constraints to Participation in Intramural Sports between International and Noninternational Students”,Recreational Sports Journal,2012,36:2-12.
[42] [46]李卫飞:《在华留学生户外休闲障碍研究》,《电子科技大学学报(社科版)》2015年第17卷第2期,第107-112页。
[44] 丁美丽:《泰国在台留学生跨文化适应、休闲行为涉入、参与动机、阻碍与满意度影响关系之研究》,台湾高雄餐旅学院硕士学位论文,2009年。
[48] 陈超、蔡一村、张遂新:《“实用主义的过客”:台湾青年在大陆社会融入的指标建构与现状评估》,《台湾研究集刊》2018年第1期,第15-25页。
[49] 刘国深:《两岸和平发展价值观社会化探析》,《台湾研究集刊》2012年第6期,第7-13页。
[50] [51]唐桦:《两岸青年交流的制度化研究》,《台湾研究集刊》2015年第5期,第25-31页。
[52] 艾明江、位鸣玉:《大陆青年学生在台湾的社会交往现状分析——基于大陆“交换生”群体的实证调查》,《台湾研究集刊》2014年第2期,第40-47页;龙丁江、陶印华:《日常休闲对流动儿童社会融合的影响》,《当代青年研究》2016年第6期,第71-76页。