在解构中批判与重塑——新历史主义视阈中的《汉密尔顿》
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摘要
音乐剧《汉密尔顿》荣获2016年美国普利策戏剧奖。该剧以美国建国之父汉密尔顿为蓝本,通过对历史事件、人物与话语的解构,有力地抨击了当下美国社会在文明的表象背后所隐藏着的种族、性别与移民歧视等问题,借此重塑了建国之父、三位女性、外来移民形象,也重塑了公众的历史观。从新历史主义视角来看,《汉密尔顿》借助于颠覆性戏剧内容和现代黑人流行嘻哈说唱艺术,成功地创造了新的历史文本,为未来历史研究提供了新媒介。
Hamilton,a musical which won 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, is based on the real story of the founding father Hamilton. Through the deconstruction of historical event, people and discourse, Hamilton strongly lashes out the current problems of race, gender and discrimination of the immigrants behind the glory of American civilization, which in turn recreates a new image for the founding father, three women and immigrants to the US, and more, changes the view of the public over that history. Looking from the perspective of Neo-historicism, Hamilton, with its subversive content and Hip-hop art, has successfully created a fresh historical text, which will consequently provide a new means for the future study of the history.
Hamilton,a musical which won 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, is based on the real story of the founding father Hamilton. Through the deconstruction of historical event, people and discourse, Hamilton strongly lashes out the current problems of race, gender and discrimination of the immigrants behind the glory of American civilization, which in turn recreates a new image for the founding father, three women and immigrants to the US, and more, changes the view of the public over that history. Looking from the perspective of Neo-historicism, Hamilton, with its subversive content and Hip-hop art, has successfully created a fresh historical text, which will consequently provide a new means for the future study of the history.
引文
Brantley, Ben."Review:'Hamilton,'Young Rebels Changing History and Theater."New York Times. August06, 2015.
Brinkley, Alan. American History:Connecting with the Past. New York:McGraw-Hill, 2012.
罗恩·彻诺:《汉密尔顿传》。张向玲等译。杭州:浙江大学出版社,2017。[Chernow, Ron. Alexander Hamilton. Trans. Zhang Xiangling, Gao Xiang and He Haoyu. Hangzhou:Zhejiang UP, 2017.]
查尔斯·亚瑟·科南特:《美国国父列传:亚历山大·汉密尔顿》。欧亚戈译。北京:北京大学出版社,2014。[Conant, Charles Arthur. The Founding Fathers of America:Alexander Hamilton. Trans. Ou Yage. Beijing:Peking UP, 2014.]
Delman, Edward."How Lin-Manuel Miranda Shapes History."The Atlantic, Sept. 29, 2015
樊书华:略析亚历山大·汉密尔顿的政体观。《世界历史》5(1991):38-42。[Fan, Shuhua."A Brief Analysis of Alexander Hamilton's View of Political System."World History 5(1991):38-42.]
Freeman, Joanne B."Will the Real Alexander Hamilton Please Stand Up."Journal of the Early Republic 37(2017):255-262.
Fulton, R. E."Back in the Narrative:Hamilton as a Model for Women's History."May 24, 2016
Gallagher, Catherine and Stephen Greenblatt. Practicing New Historicism. Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1997.
Greenblatt, Stephen. Renaissance Self-fashioning. Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1980.
Hamilton, Allan McLane. The Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton:Based Chiefly Upon Original Family Let-ters and Other Documents, Many of Which Have Never Been Published. New York:Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910.
Horton, James Oliver."Alexander Hamilton:Slavery and Race in a Revolutionary Generation."The New-York Journal of American History 65(2004):16-24.
胡作友:在史学与文学之间穿行——解读新历史主义的文学批评。《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》1(2009):89-94。[Hu, Zuoyou."Passing Through Literature and Historical Facts—An Interpretation of the Literary Criticism of"New Historicism."Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 1(2009):89-94.]
Isenberg, Nancy."Liberals Live Alexander Hamilton. But Aaron Burr Was a Real Progressive Hero."Washington Post. March 30, 2016.
---."'Make'em Laugh, Why History Cannot Be Reduced to Song and Dance."Journal of the Early Republic37(2017):295-303.
陆贵山:新历史主义文艺思潮解析。《中国人民大学学报》5(2005):130-136。[Lu, Guishan."An Analysis of New Historicism Trend of Thought in Literature and Art."Journal of Renmin University of China 5(2005):130-136.]
Mead, Rebecca."All About the Hamiltons."The New Yorker. Feb. 9, 2015.
Miller, John Chester. Alexander Hamilton and the Growth of the New Nation. St. Louis:Transaction Publishers, 1964.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel and Jeremy McCarter. Hamilton:The Revolution. New York:Hachette Book Group,Inc., 2016.
Owen Kenneth."Historians and Hamilton:Founders Chic and the Cult of Personality."The Junto:A Group Blog on Early American History. Apr. 21, 2016
---."Can Great Art Also Be Great History?"Independent Review 21(2017):509-517.
Rosen,Jody."The American Revolutionary."New York Times.March 8, 2019.
张进:新历史主义文艺思潮的思想内涵和基本特征。《文史哲》5(2001):26-32。[Zhang, Jin."The Ideological Connotation and Characteristics of New Historicism Trend of Thought in Literature and Art."Journal of Literature, History and Philosophy 5(2001):26-32.]
(1)在1794年,汉密尔顿借“威士忌叛乱”之由采取军事行动,派遣上千名士兵逮捕20人,以为自己的政治仇敌带来致命一击;在1798年,汉密尔顿则将矛头对准了抗议限制言论自由的美国民众,试图采取军事手段压制,并借华盛顿指挥官的名义号令军队。
(2)汉密尔顿文集的编辑哈罗德·希莱特说,在1804年夏天之前,汉密尔顿“只在名义上参加过决斗,并未有任何实际行动”。
(3)“旧事新提”译自音乐剧《汉密尔顿》创作者林-曼努尔·米兰达本人谈及创作理念时使用的“a story about America then, told by America now”这一表达。
(4)这句唱词中的前半部分,即“我们在南方种植耕耘”为汉密尔顿对杰斐逊发言的模仿,此处的重复蕴含了极强的嘲讽意味。
Brinkley, Alan. American History:Connecting with the Past. New York:McGraw-Hill, 2012.
罗恩·彻诺:《汉密尔顿传》。张向玲等译。杭州:浙江大学出版社,2017。[Chernow, Ron. Alexander Hamilton. Trans. Zhang Xiangling, Gao Xiang and He Haoyu. Hangzhou:Zhejiang UP, 2017.]
查尔斯·亚瑟·科南特:《美国国父列传:亚历山大·汉密尔顿》。欧亚戈译。北京:北京大学出版社,2014。[Conant, Charles Arthur. The Founding Fathers of America:Alexander Hamilton. Trans. Ou Yage. Beijing:Peking UP, 2014.]
Delman, Edward."How Lin-Manuel Miranda Shapes History."The Atlantic, Sept. 29, 2015
樊书华:略析亚历山大·汉密尔顿的政体观。《世界历史》5(1991):38-42。[Fan, Shuhua."A Brief Analysis of Alexander Hamilton's View of Political System."World History 5(1991):38-42.]
Freeman, Joanne B."Will the Real Alexander Hamilton Please Stand Up."Journal of the Early Republic 37(2017):255-262.
Fulton, R. E."Back in the Narrative:Hamilton as a Model for Women's History."May 24, 2016
Gallagher, Catherine and Stephen Greenblatt. Practicing New Historicism. Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1997.
Greenblatt, Stephen. Renaissance Self-fashioning. Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1980.
Hamilton, Allan McLane. The Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton:Based Chiefly Upon Original Family Let-ters and Other Documents, Many of Which Have Never Been Published. New York:Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910.
Horton, James Oliver."Alexander Hamilton:Slavery and Race in a Revolutionary Generation."The New-York Journal of American History 65(2004):16-24.
胡作友:在史学与文学之间穿行——解读新历史主义的文学批评。《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》1(2009):89-94。[Hu, Zuoyou."Passing Through Literature and Historical Facts—An Interpretation of the Literary Criticism of"New Historicism."Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 1(2009):89-94.]
Isenberg, Nancy."Liberals Live Alexander Hamilton. But Aaron Burr Was a Real Progressive Hero."Washington Post. March 30, 2016
---."'Make'em Laugh, Why History Cannot Be Reduced to Song and Dance."Journal of the Early Republic37(2017):295-303.
陆贵山:新历史主义文艺思潮解析。《中国人民大学学报》5(2005):130-136。[Lu, Guishan."An Analysis of New Historicism Trend of Thought in Literature and Art."Journal of Renmin University of China 5(2005):130-136.]
Mead, Rebecca."All About the Hamiltons."The New Yorker. Feb. 9, 2015
Miller, John Chester. Alexander Hamilton and the Growth of the New Nation. St. Louis:Transaction Publishers, 1964.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel and Jeremy McCarter. Hamilton:The Revolution. New York:Hachette Book Group,Inc., 2016.
Owen Kenneth."Historians and Hamilton:Founders Chic and the Cult of Personality."The Junto:A Group Blog on Early American History. Apr. 21, 2016
---."Can Great Art Also Be Great History?"Independent Review 21(2017):509-517.
Rosen,Jody."The American Revolutionary."New York Times.March 8, 2019
张进:新历史主义文艺思潮的思想内涵和基本特征。《文史哲》5(2001):26-32。[Zhang, Jin."The Ideological Connotation and Characteristics of New Historicism Trend of Thought in Literature and Art."Journal of Literature, History and Philosophy 5(2001):26-32.]
(1)在1794年,汉密尔顿借“威士忌叛乱”之由采取军事行动,派遣上千名士兵逮捕20人,以为自己的政治仇敌带来致命一击;在1798年,汉密尔顿则将矛头对准了抗议限制言论自由的美国民众,试图采取军事手段压制,并借华盛顿指挥官的名义号令军队。
(2)汉密尔顿文集的编辑哈罗德·希莱特说,在1804年夏天之前,汉密尔顿“只在名义上参加过决斗,并未有任何实际行动”。
(3)“旧事新提”译自音乐剧《汉密尔顿》创作者林-曼努尔·米兰达本人谈及创作理念时使用的“a story about America then, told by America now”这一表达。
(4)这句唱词中的前半部分,即“我们在南方种植耕耘”为汉密尔顿对杰斐逊发言的模仿,此处的重复蕴含了极强的嘲讽意味。