青海祁连山冻土区天然气水合物研究进展综述
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摘要
祁连山冻土区是我国陆域天然气水合物调查研究的重点地区之一,也是我国目前在陆域冻土区唯一一处取得天然气水合物找矿发现的地区.自2008年首次钻获天然气水合物实物样品以来,调查研究工作逐步向广度和深度迈进,取得了由点到面的扩边勘查进展、油气等多种能源的发现以及试采试验成功等系列成果,同时基础理论认识水平得到了显著提升.在水合物地质特征和成藏系统研究方面,各要素描述得更加全面和深入,尤其是对气源和构造条件的深入分析,进一步丰富了水合物含油气系统的内涵.在调查技术方法研究方面,通过开展试验性实验,初步形成了从点上钻探调查技术到面上地球物理-地球化学调查综合性的技术方法体系,在勘探实践中发挥了重要的作用.在水合物试采试验方面,证实了降压试采工艺、控制监测等关键技术在成岩储层中应用的可行性,提出水平井试采工艺结合储层压裂改造技术将是未来提高产气量重要的科技攻关方向之一.在环境效应研究方面,发现了可以证实水合物稳态发生过变化或正处于变化之中的矿物学证据,提出了气候变暖引起水合物系统的演变模式,环境影响作用已逐步显现.由此可见,在祁连山冻土区,天然气水合物具有资源与环境并重的双重意义,不仅作为一种新型能源具有潜在的资源价值,而且还是一种会引起环境效应的不稳定因素.不难预测,随着青藏高原持续变暖,水合物储层稳定性评价研究将成为祁连山冻土区水合物资源环境效应研究的一个重要方面.
The Qilian Mountain permafrost is one of the key areas for the investigation and study of gas hydrates in China, and is also the only area where gas hydrate has been discovered in China's permafrost. Since gas hydrate sample was firstly recovered in 2008, the investigation and research work is gradually progressing toward breadth and depth. It has achieved series of achievements such as the breakthrough in point-to-face prospecting, the discovery of various energy sources such as oil and gas, and the success of trial production tests. Moreover, the basic theoretical understanding has been significantly improved. The various elements of gas hydrate system are described more comprehensively and deeply,especially the in-depth analysis of gas sources and structural conditions further enriches the connotation of gas hydrate petroleum system. The effective survey technology system including geological, geophysical, geochemical, and drilling was summarized. In the aspect of gas hydrate production test, the feasibility of the use of key technologies such as depressurization technology and control monitoring in diagenetic reservoirs was confirmed. It is proposed that horizontal well production technology will be one of the key scientific and technological research directions for increasing gas production in the future. For the environmental effects, mineralogical evidence that hydrates have changed or are changing in their steady state has been discovered, and the evolutionary pattern of the gas hydrate system caused by climate warming has been proposed, and the environmental impact has gradually emerged. Thus, gas hydrate not only has potential resource value as a new type of energy, but also is an unstable factor that can cause environmental effects. It is not difficult to predict that with the continuous warming of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the study on the stability evaluation of gas hydrate reservoirs in permafrost will become an important aspect for environmental effects.
The Qilian Mountain permafrost is one of the key areas for the investigation and study of gas hydrates in China, and is also the only area where gas hydrate has been discovered in China's permafrost. Since gas hydrate sample was firstly recovered in 2008, the investigation and research work is gradually progressing toward breadth and depth. It has achieved series of achievements such as the breakthrough in point-to-face prospecting, the discovery of various energy sources such as oil and gas, and the success of trial production tests. Moreover, the basic theoretical understanding has been significantly improved. The various elements of gas hydrate system are described more comprehensively and deeply,especially the in-depth analysis of gas sources and structural conditions further enriches the connotation of gas hydrate petroleum system. The effective survey technology system including geological, geophysical, geochemical, and drilling was summarized. In the aspect of gas hydrate production test, the feasibility of the use of key technologies such as depressurization technology and control monitoring in diagenetic reservoirs was confirmed. It is proposed that horizontal well production technology will be one of the key scientific and technological research directions for increasing gas production in the future. For the environmental effects, mineralogical evidence that hydrates have changed or are changing in their steady state has been discovered, and the evolutionary pattern of the gas hydrate system caused by climate warming has been proposed, and the environmental impact has gradually emerged. Thus, gas hydrate not only has potential resource value as a new type of energy, but also is an unstable factor that can cause environmental effects. It is not difficult to predict that with the continuous warming of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the study on the stability evaluation of gas hydrate reservoirs in permafrost will become an important aspect for environmental effects.
引文
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