东营市北部海域沉积物和贝类中石油烃分布与污染评价
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摘要
东营市是我国的典型石化城市,其北部海域因设有国家级河口贝类保护区而具有重要经济和生态价值。研究城市经济活动产生的石油类污染物对近岸环境的影响十分必要。本研究测定了该海域沉积物和3种贝类(四角蛤蜊、毛蚶和文蛤)样品中石油烃(TPHs)的含量。结果表明:沉积物中TPHs含量在ND～125.60×10~(-6)之间,与国内外其它海域相比处于较低水平,也符合《海洋沉积物质量》(GB18668-2002)一类标准;TPHs的高值出现在靠近草桥沟-挑河入海口且细颗粒(FGS)、有机质(OM)、硫化物含量高而氧化还原电位低的DB10、DB11、DB14站位。双壳类体内TPHs含量(湿基)范围为(13.81～69.21)×10~(-6),达到三十年前调查结果的1.24～6.22倍;绝大多数站位的双壳类TPHs超过《海洋生物质量》(GB18421-2001)一类标准,对于有双壳类分布的站位,TPHs的生物富集量与沉积物TPHs含量无显著相关性。为有效控制TPHs在双壳类中的残留,应进一步研究以识别影响该区域TPHs生物富集的因素。
The north coast of Dongying city,a typical petrochemical one in China,is of economic and ecological importance due to a state-level nature reserve for protecting the estuary shellfish ecosystem in this region.It is very necessary to study the effects of petroleum pollutants from the urban economy activities on coastal environment.The contents of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPHs)were determined in the sediments and the soft tissues of three species of bivalves(Mactra veneriformis,Scapharca subcrenata,and Meretrix meretrix)collected from the above region.The results showed that the contents of TPHs in sediments ranged from not detected(ND)to 125.60×10~(-6),remaining at a low level compared with other coastal areas of the world,and also in line with the Class I criteria of"Marine Sediment Quality"(GB18668-2002).Higher TPHs values were observed at sites of DB10,DB11 and DB14,with plenty of fine grained components,organic matter and sulphide and lower oxidation-reduction potential.TPHs contents(wet basis)in bivalves ranged from 13.81×10~(-6) to 69.21×10~(-6),which were 1.24～6.22 times more than those reported thirty years ago and also exceeded the Class I criteria of"Marine Biological Quality"(GB18421-2001)at most sites.For those sites where bivalves grew,no significant correlation was observed between the TPHs bioaccumulation and their contents in sediments.In order to control effectively the residue of TPHs in bivalves,further studies will be needed to identify the factors affecting TPHs bioaccumulation in this region.
The north coast of Dongying city,a typical petrochemical one in China,is of economic and ecological importance due to a state-level nature reserve for protecting the estuary shellfish ecosystem in this region.It is very necessary to study the effects of petroleum pollutants from the urban economy activities on coastal environment.The contents of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPHs)were determined in the sediments and the soft tissues of three species of bivalves(Mactra veneriformis,Scapharca subcrenata,and Meretrix meretrix)collected from the above region.The results showed that the contents of TPHs in sediments ranged from not detected(ND)to 125.60×10~(-6),remaining at a low level compared with other coastal areas of the world,and also in line with the Class I criteria of"Marine Sediment Quality"(GB18668-2002).Higher TPHs values were observed at sites of DB10,DB11 and DB14,with plenty of fine grained components,organic matter and sulphide and lower oxidation-reduction potential.TPHs contents(wet basis)in bivalves ranged from 13.81×10~(-6) to 69.21×10~(-6),which were 1.24～6.22 times more than those reported thirty years ago and also exceeded the Class I criteria of"Marine Biological Quality"(GB18421-2001)at most sites.For those sites where bivalves grew,no significant correlation was observed between the TPHs bioaccumulation and their contents in sediments.In order to control effectively the residue of TPHs in bivalves,further studies will be needed to identify the factors affecting TPHs bioaccumulation in this region.
引文
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[3]崔毅.黄河口附近海域海洋生物体中石油烃总量变化的研究[J].中国水产科学,1994,1(2):60-67.Cui Y.Studies of total petroleum hydrocarbons in marine organisms from waters nearby the Yellow River Estuary[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,1994,1(2):60-67.
[4]张建伟,郭秀岩,袁西龙,等.东营黄河三角洲水质污染特征及其物源分析[J].山东国土资源,2012,28(3):15-18.Zhang J W,Guo X Y,Yuan X L,et al.Characteristics of major river water quality pollution and analysis on provenance in Dongying delta areas[J].Shandong Land and Resources,2012,28(3):15-18.
[5]蔡学军,张新华,谢静.黄河三角洲湿地生态环境质量现状及保护对策[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(2):88-91.Cai X J,Zhang X H,Xie J.Eco-environmental problemes lie ahead of the Yellow River Delta wetland ecosystem and their control countermeasures[J].Marine Environmental Science,2006,25(2):88-91.
[6]国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 3838-2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社.2002.Quality Supervision and Quarantine Bureau of China,China National Standardization Administration.GB 3838-2002,Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water[S].Beijing:Stand and Press of China,2002.
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[8]Moschino V,Marin M G.Seasonal changes in physiological responses and evaluation of“well-being”in the Venus clamChamelea gallina from the Northern Adriatic Sea[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2006,145(4):433-440.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 17378.6-2007,海洋监测规范第6部分:生物体分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.Quality Supervision and Quarantine Bureau of China.GB 17378.6-2007,The Specification for Marine Monitoring-Part 6:Organism Analysis[S].Beijing:Standard Press of China,2007.
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[12]Bouloubassi I,Saliot A.Investigation of anthropogenic and natural organic inputs in estuarine sediments using hydrocarbon markers(NAH,LAB,PAH).Ocean Acta[J].Oceanologica Acta,1993,16(2):145-161.
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[14]李小维,黄子眉,方龙驹.广西防城港湾水环境质量现状与石油烃环境容量的初步研究[J].海洋通报(中文版),2010,29(3):310-315.Li X W,Huang Z M,Fang L J.A preliminary study on water environment quality status and petroleum hydrocarbons environment capacity in the Guangxi Fangchenggang Bay[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2010,29(3):310-315.
[15]魏鹏,黄良民,冯佳和,等.珠江口广州海域石油烃的分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(4):473-476.Wei P,Huang L M,Feng J H,et al.Distributions characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons in Guangzhou sea area of Pearl River Estuary[J].Marine Environmental Science,2010,29(4):473-476.
[16]张树刚,黄小烽,陈雷,等.温州近岸海域石油烃分布特征[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011(3):105-110.Zhang S G,Huang X F,Chen L,et al.Distribution character of petroleum hydrocarbon in Wenzhou coastal waters[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2011(3):105-110.
[17]贺玉林,刘泽伟,卢伟华.珠江口内伶仃洋水体和沉积物石油烃的分布特征[J].农业与技术,2012(3):125-127.He Y L,Liu Z W,Lu W H.Distribution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons in waters and sediments of the Lingdingyang in the Pearl River Estuary[J].Agriculture and Technology,2012(3):125-127.
[18]丁光茂.泉州湾表层海水和沉积物中油类的分布特征[J].福建水产,2012,34(1):43-47.Ding G M.Distribution features of oil in sea water and sediment in Quanzhou Bay[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2012,34(1):43-47.
[19]Zhou R,Qin X,Peng S,et al.Total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay,China:Longterm variations in pollution status and adverse biological risk[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,83(1):290-297.
[20]陈财珍,林静,许贻斌,等.福建省东山湾海洋生态环境中石油烃类分布特征与评价[J].海洋开发与管理,2015,32(10):73-77.Chen C Z,Lin J,Xu Y B,et al.Distribution characteristics and evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the marine ecological environment of Dongshan Bay,Fujian Province[J].Ocean Development and Management,2015,32(10):73-77.
[21]许冬,杨海丽,于培松,等.北部湾东部沉积物中石油烃分布与累积[J].海洋通报,2016,35(1):81-87.Xu D,Yang H L,Yu P S,et al.Distribution and accumulation of the petroleum hydrocarbon of sediments in eastern Beibu Gulf[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2016,35(1):81-87.
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