温、湿度对粉砂质泥岩边坡岩体抗剪强度的影响
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摘要
为研究粉砂质泥岩边坡受温、湿度影响后的岩体抗剪强度参数变化规律,总结了基于Hoek-Brown准则的岩体抗剪强度参数的计算方法,并开展一系列单轴力学试验,得到粉砂质泥岩试样在不同温、湿度条件下的单轴抗压强度σ_c、劈裂强度σ_t及纵波波速V_(pi),根据试验结果及Hoek-Brown准则计算粉砂质泥边坡岩体抗剪强度参数并分析其变化规律。结果表明:温、湿度变化后σ_c、σ_t、V_(pi)均降低,且降幅与变温温差ΔT、变温循环次数n及含水率w相关;温度单独变化时,岩体抗剪强度参数黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ均衰减,且其衰减幅度均随温差幅度|ΔT|、变温过程平均温度、变温循环次数n增大而增大;岩体在恒温浸水时仅湿度变化,其含水率增速在前期较快而在后期趋缓,岩体抗剪强度参数c、φ与含水率w呈指数函数的递减关系;当温、湿度同时变化时,岩体抗剪强度参数c、φ均比天然状态时大幅衰减,且因温度变化影响了湿度变化,使得c、φ在降温循环时随温差幅度|ΔT|增大而增大,在升温循环时随温差幅度|ΔT|增大而减小;在相同变化时间下,湿度变化对岩体抗剪强度参数的影响大于温度变化,温、湿度同时变化对岩体抗剪强度参数的影响大于温度、湿度单独变化时的影响之和,表明温度与湿度之间存在协同增效作用;岩体抗剪强度参数中黏聚力c的衰减幅度大于内摩擦角φ。
In order to study the change law of the rock mass shear strength parameters of siltymudstone slope impacted by temperature and humidity,a method for calculating the rock mass shear strength based on the Hoek-Brown criterion was summarized.According to this method,a series of uniaxial mechanical tests were implemented,and the uniaxial compressive strengthσc,splitting strengthσt,and ultrasonic velocity Vpiof silty-mudstone specimens under different temperature and humidity conditions were obtained.Based on these test results,the rock mass shear strength parameters of silty-mudstone slope were calculated and analyzed.The results show that σ_c,σ_t,and V_(pi) of silty-mudstone decreases under the effect of temperature and humidity,andthe decreasing range associated with temperature differenceΔT,temperature cyclic times n and water content w.When temperature changes individually,the rock mass cohesion c and internal friction angleφare reduced,while the decrease rate of c and φ increases with the increase in absolute temperature difference|ΔT|,average temperature in the temperature changing process,and n.Humidity changes only when the rock mass soaks water at a constant temperature,and w increases rapidly in the early stage and slowly in the later stage;the shear strength parameters c andφ pertaining to the rock mass exponentially decrease with the increase in w. When temperature and humidity change simultaneously,c andφare significantly lower than those in the natural state because the humidity is affected by the change in temperature;c andφincrease with an increase in|ΔT|in the heating cycle,and decrease with an increase in|ΔT|in the cooling cycle.Under the equal duration,the impact of humidity on the shear strength parameters of rock mass is greater than that of temperature;the decreasing rate of the rock mass shear strength parameters impacted by simultaneous changes in temperature and humidity is greater than the sum of that of temperature and humidity changes individually,shows a synergistic effect between temperature and humidity;the decrease rate of cis always larger than that ofφ.3 tabs,15 figs,22 refs.
In order to study the change law of the rock mass shear strength parameters of siltymudstone slope impacted by temperature and humidity,a method for calculating the rock mass shear strength based on the Hoek-Brown criterion was summarized.According to this method,a series of uniaxial mechanical tests were implemented,and the uniaxial compressive strengthσc,splitting strengthσt,and ultrasonic velocity Vpiof silty-mudstone specimens under different temperature and humidity conditions were obtained.Based on these test results,the rock mass shear strength parameters of silty-mudstone slope were calculated and analyzed.The results show that σ_c,σ_t,and V_(pi) of silty-mudstone decreases under the effect of temperature and humidity,andthe decreasing range associated with temperature differenceΔT,temperature cyclic times n and water content w.When temperature changes individually,the rock mass cohesion c and internal friction angleφare reduced,while the decrease rate of c and φ increases with the increase in absolute temperature difference|ΔT|,average temperature in the temperature changing process,and n.Humidity changes only when the rock mass soaks water at a constant temperature,and w increases rapidly in the early stage and slowly in the later stage;the shear strength parameters c andφ pertaining to the rock mass exponentially decrease with the increase in w. When temperature and humidity change simultaneously,c andφare significantly lower than those in the natural state because the humidity is affected by the change in temperature;c andφincrease with an increase in|ΔT|in the heating cycle,and decrease with an increase in|ΔT|in the cooling cycle.Under the equal duration,the impact of humidity on the shear strength parameters of rock mass is greater than that of temperature;the decreasing rate of the rock mass shear strength parameters impacted by simultaneous changes in temperature and humidity is greater than the sum of that of temperature and humidity changes individually,shows a synergistic effect between temperature and humidity;the decrease rate of cis always larger than that ofφ.3 tabs,15 figs,22 refs.
引文
[1]HOEK E,DIEDERICHS M S.Empirical estimation of rock mass modulus[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2006,43:203-215.
[2]EBERHARDT E.The Hoek-Brown failure criterion[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(6):981-988.
[3]HOEK E.Strength of rock and rock masses[J].International Society for Rock Mechanics News Journal,1994,2(2):4-16.
[4]HOEK E,TORRES C C,CORKUM B.Hoek-Brown failure criterion:2002edition[C]//HAMMAH R,BAWDEN W F,CURRAN J,et al.Proceedings of the North American Rock Mechanics Society NARMS-TAC 2002.Toronto:University of Toronto Press,2002:267-273.
[5]GERCEK H.Properties of failure envelopes and surfaces defined by the Hoek-Brown failure criterion[C]//CRRMS.Proceedings of the 6th Canadian Regional Rock Mechanics Symposium.Ottawa:Mines Branch Department of Energy,Mines and Resources,2002:3-11.
[6]夏开宗,陈从新,刘秀敏,等.基于岩体波速的HoekBrown准则预测岩体力学参数方法及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1458-1466.XIA Kai-zong,CHEN Cong-xin,LIU Xiu-min,et al.Estimation of rock mass mechanical parameters based on ultrasonic velocity of rock mas and Hoek-Brown criterion and its application to engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engieering,2013,32(7):1458-1466.
[7]巫德斌,徐卫亚.基于Hoek-Brown准则的边坡开挖岩体力学参数研究[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(1):89-93.WU De-bin,XU Wei-ya.Hoek-Brown criterion-based study on mechanical parameters of excavated slope rock mass[J].Journal of Hohai University:Natural Sciences,2005,33(1):89-93.
[8]周元辅,邓建辉.基于纵波波速的块状岩体GSI系统[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(5):948-956.ZHOU Yuan-fu,DENG Jian-hui.GSI system for rock blocks based on longitudinal wave velocity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(5):948-956.
[9]MERIFIELD R S,LYAMIN A V,SLOAN S W.Limit analysis solutions for the bearing capacity of rock masses using the generalised Hoek-Brown criterion[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2006,43(6):920-937.
[10]PRIEST S D.Determination of shear strength and three-dimensional yield strength for the Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2005,38(4):299-327.
[11]YANG X L,YIN J H.Linear Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters from the non-linear Hoek-Brown rock masses[J].International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics,2006,41(8):1000-1005.
[12]卓莉,何江达,谢红强,等.基于Hoek-Brown准则确定岩石材料强度参数的新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(1):2773-2782.ZHUO Li,HE Jiang-da,XIE Hong-qiang,et al.Study of new method to determine strength parameters of rock material based on Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engieering,2015,34(1):2773-2782.
[13]李克钢,郑东普,黄维辉.干湿循环作用下砂岩力学特性及其本构模型的神经网络模拟[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增2):168-173.LI Ke-gang,ZHENG Dong-pu,HUANG Wei-hui.Mechanical behavior of sandstone and its neural network simulation of constitutive model considering cyclic drying-wetting effect[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(S2):168-173.
[14]姚华彦,张振华,朱朝辉,等.干湿交替对砂岩力学特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3704-3708.YAO Hua-yan,ZHANG Zhen-hua,ZHU Chao-hui,et al.Experimental study of mechanical properties of sandstone under cyclic drying and wetting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3704-3708.
[15]黄宏伟,车平.泥岩遇水软化微观机理研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2007,35(7):867-870.HUANG Hong-wei,CHE Ping.Research on micromechanism of softening and argillitization of mudstone[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Sciences,2007,35(7):867-870.
[16]杨永明,鞠杨,陈佳亮,等.温度作用对孔隙岩石介质力学性能的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(5):856-864.YANG Yong-ming,JU Yang,CHEN Jia-liang,et al.Mechanical propertie of porus rock media subjected to temperature effect[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(5):856-864.
[17]于怀昌,李亚丽,刘汉东.粉砂质泥岩常规力学、蠕变以及应力松弛特性的对比研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):60-70.YU Huai-chang,LI Ya-li,LIU Han-dong.Comparative study of conventional mechanical,creep and stress relaxation properties of silty mudstone under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engieering,2012,31(1):60-70.
[18]李良权,王伟.粉砂质泥岩流变力学参数的试验研究[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(6):45-49.LI Liang-quan,WANG Wei.Experimental study of rheological-mechanical properties of silty mudstone[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University:Natural Sciences,2009,31(6):45-49.
[19]刘镇,周翠英,朱凤贤.软岩饱水软化过程微观结构演化的临界判据[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):661-666.LIU Zhen,ZHOU Cui-ying,ZHU Feng-xian.Critical criterion for microstructure evolution of soft rocks in softening process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):661-666.
[20]杨建林,王来贵,李喜林,等.粉砂质泥岩遇水损伤规律及化学改性研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(6):1883-1890.YANG Jian-lin,WANG Lai-gui,LI Xi-lin,et al.Damage-law of silty-mudstone in water and chemical modification[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2016,35(6):1883-1890.
[21]HOEK E,WOOD D,SHAH S.A modified Hoek-Brown failure criterion for jointed rock masses[C]//HUDSON JA.Proceedings of the Rock Characterization,Symposium of ISRM.London:Thomas Telford Publishing,1992:209-214.
[22]LI A J,MERIFIELD R S,LYAMIN A V.Stability charts for rock slopes based on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(5):689-700.
[2]EBERHARDT E.The Hoek-Brown failure criterion[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(6):981-988.
[3]HOEK E.Strength of rock and rock masses[J].International Society for Rock Mechanics News Journal,1994,2(2):4-16.
[4]HOEK E,TORRES C C,CORKUM B.Hoek-Brown failure criterion:2002edition[C]//HAMMAH R,BAWDEN W F,CURRAN J,et al.Proceedings of the North American Rock Mechanics Society NARMS-TAC 2002.Toronto:University of Toronto Press,2002:267-273.
[5]GERCEK H.Properties of failure envelopes and surfaces defined by the Hoek-Brown failure criterion[C]//CRRMS.Proceedings of the 6th Canadian Regional Rock Mechanics Symposium.Ottawa:Mines Branch Department of Energy,Mines and Resources,2002:3-11.
[6]夏开宗,陈从新,刘秀敏,等.基于岩体波速的HoekBrown准则预测岩体力学参数方法及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1458-1466.XIA Kai-zong,CHEN Cong-xin,LIU Xiu-min,et al.Estimation of rock mass mechanical parameters based on ultrasonic velocity of rock mas and Hoek-Brown criterion and its application to engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engieering,2013,32(7):1458-1466.
[7]巫德斌,徐卫亚.基于Hoek-Brown准则的边坡开挖岩体力学参数研究[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(1):89-93.WU De-bin,XU Wei-ya.Hoek-Brown criterion-based study on mechanical parameters of excavated slope rock mass[J].Journal of Hohai University:Natural Sciences,2005,33(1):89-93.
[8]周元辅,邓建辉.基于纵波波速的块状岩体GSI系统[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(5):948-956.ZHOU Yuan-fu,DENG Jian-hui.GSI system for rock blocks based on longitudinal wave velocity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(5):948-956.
[9]MERIFIELD R S,LYAMIN A V,SLOAN S W.Limit analysis solutions for the bearing capacity of rock masses using the generalised Hoek-Brown criterion[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2006,43(6):920-937.
[10]PRIEST S D.Determination of shear strength and three-dimensional yield strength for the Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2005,38(4):299-327.
[11]YANG X L,YIN J H.Linear Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters from the non-linear Hoek-Brown rock masses[J].International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics,2006,41(8):1000-1005.
[12]卓莉,何江达,谢红强,等.基于Hoek-Brown准则确定岩石材料强度参数的新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(1):2773-2782.ZHUO Li,HE Jiang-da,XIE Hong-qiang,et al.Study of new method to determine strength parameters of rock material based on Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engieering,2015,34(1):2773-2782.
[13]李克钢,郑东普,黄维辉.干湿循环作用下砂岩力学特性及其本构模型的神经网络模拟[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增2):168-173.LI Ke-gang,ZHENG Dong-pu,HUANG Wei-hui.Mechanical behavior of sandstone and its neural network simulation of constitutive model considering cyclic drying-wetting effect[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(S2):168-173.
[14]姚华彦,张振华,朱朝辉,等.干湿交替对砂岩力学特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3704-3708.YAO Hua-yan,ZHANG Zhen-hua,ZHU Chao-hui,et al.Experimental study of mechanical properties of sandstone under cyclic drying and wetting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3704-3708.
[15]黄宏伟,车平.泥岩遇水软化微观机理研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2007,35(7):867-870.HUANG Hong-wei,CHE Ping.Research on micromechanism of softening and argillitization of mudstone[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Sciences,2007,35(7):867-870.
[16]杨永明,鞠杨,陈佳亮,等.温度作用对孔隙岩石介质力学性能的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(5):856-864.YANG Yong-ming,JU Yang,CHEN Jia-liang,et al.Mechanical propertie of porus rock media subjected to temperature effect[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(5):856-864.
[17]于怀昌,李亚丽,刘汉东.粉砂质泥岩常规力学、蠕变以及应力松弛特性的对比研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):60-70.YU Huai-chang,LI Ya-li,LIU Han-dong.Comparative study of conventional mechanical,creep and stress relaxation properties of silty mudstone under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engieering,2012,31(1):60-70.
[18]李良权,王伟.粉砂质泥岩流变力学参数的试验研究[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(6):45-49.LI Liang-quan,WANG Wei.Experimental study of rheological-mechanical properties of silty mudstone[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University:Natural Sciences,2009,31(6):45-49.
[19]刘镇,周翠英,朱凤贤.软岩饱水软化过程微观结构演化的临界判据[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):661-666.LIU Zhen,ZHOU Cui-ying,ZHU Feng-xian.Critical criterion for microstructure evolution of soft rocks in softening process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):661-666.
[20]杨建林,王来贵,李喜林,等.粉砂质泥岩遇水损伤规律及化学改性研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(6):1883-1890.YANG Jian-lin,WANG Lai-gui,LI Xi-lin,et al.Damage-law of silty-mudstone in water and chemical modification[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2016,35(6):1883-1890.
[21]HOEK E,WOOD D,SHAH S.A modified Hoek-Brown failure criterion for jointed rock masses[C]//HUDSON JA.Proceedings of the Rock Characterization,Symposium of ISRM.London:Thomas Telford Publishing,1992:209-214.
[22]LI A J,MERIFIELD R S,LYAMIN A V.Stability charts for rock slopes based on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(5):689-700.