1999—2018年鲁南地区暴雪天气的影响系统及环流特征
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摘要
利用1999—2018年鲁南地区地面逐日降水资料、NCEP再分析资料,统计了近20 a鲁南地区25次暴雪天气过程,分析了四类影响系统的环流形势及其主要特征。结果表明:近20 a鲁南地区暴雪过程明显减少;产生鲁南地区暴雪天气的影响系统分为四类,按照发生频次从多到少依次为:回流形势、江淮气旋、切变线和低槽冷锋;回流暴雪灾害重、影响大,11月常出现大范围暴雪,根据500 hPa环流形势特征分为高纬低压带型和两槽一脊型回流暴雪,建立了鲁南地区回流暴雪天气模型;江淮气旋暴雪主要发生在2月,影响系统复杂,通常先倒槽降雨,后转为回流形势降雪,揭示了江淮气旋降雪开始与结束时的环流特征;切变线暴雪降水量自南向北减少,以区域性暴雪为主;低槽冷锋暴雪500 hPa以下各层低槽比较明显,地面为冷锋,影响系统过境时间短,一般降雪量较小。
Based on the daily precipitation data and NCEP reanalysis data from 1999 to 2018 in southern Shandong,the snowstorm weather processes over the past 20 years in southern Shandong Province are statistically summarized,and the circulation situation and main characteristics of four types of influencing systems are analyzed. The results indicated that the snowstorm process in southern Shandong area has decreased significantly over the past 20 years. The influencing systems of snowstorm in southern Shandong can be divided into four categories,which are reflux situation,the Changjiang-Huaihe cyclone,shear line and low trough cold front in the sequence of frequency of occurrence. The reflux blizzard disaster is serious,which has great impact. In November,large-scale blizzard often occurs,which can be divided into high-latitude low-pressure belt type,reflux blizzard and two-trough and one-ridge type reflux blizzard by the characteristics of 500 hPa circulation situation,and the model of snowstorm in southern Shandong was established. The Changjiang-Huaihe cyclonic snowfall mainly occurred in February,the influencing system of which is complex. It usually transforms from the inverted trough rainfall into the reflux situation snowfall,revealing the circulation characteristics at the beginning and end of the Changjiang-Huaihe cyclonic snowfall. The snowstorm precipitation along the shear line decreases from south to north,which is mainly regional snowstorm.The low-trough cold front blizzard is obvious in each layer under 500 hPa,and the ground is cold front,featuring a short transit time of influencing system and generally a small amount of snow.
Based on the daily precipitation data and NCEP reanalysis data from 1999 to 2018 in southern Shandong,the snowstorm weather processes over the past 20 years in southern Shandong Province are statistically summarized,and the circulation situation and main characteristics of four types of influencing systems are analyzed. The results indicated that the snowstorm process in southern Shandong area has decreased significantly over the past 20 years. The influencing systems of snowstorm in southern Shandong can be divided into four categories,which are reflux situation,the Changjiang-Huaihe cyclone,shear line and low trough cold front in the sequence of frequency of occurrence. The reflux blizzard disaster is serious,which has great impact. In November,large-scale blizzard often occurs,which can be divided into high-latitude low-pressure belt type,reflux blizzard and two-trough and one-ridge type reflux blizzard by the characteristics of 500 hPa circulation situation,and the model of snowstorm in southern Shandong was established. The Changjiang-Huaihe cyclonic snowfall mainly occurred in February,the influencing system of which is complex. It usually transforms from the inverted trough rainfall into the reflux situation snowfall,revealing the circulation characteristics at the beginning and end of the Changjiang-Huaihe cyclonic snowfall. The snowstorm precipitation along the shear line decreases from south to north,which is mainly regional snowstorm.The low-trough cold front blizzard is obvious in each layer under 500 hPa,and the ground is cold front,featuring a short transit time of influencing system and generally a small amount of snow.
引文
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[12]杨利鸿,周宏,玛依热.艾海提.2011年2月喀什冬季一次暴雪天气过程分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(5):69-74.
[13]朱雯娜,张茜,谭艳梅.乌鲁木齐一次暴雪过程地形敏感性试验[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(4):62-69.
[14]张彩英.基于风廓线雷达资料的暴雪天气过程分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(4):80-85.
[15]阎丽凤,杨成芳,张少林,等.山东省灾害性天气预报技术手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2014:204.
[2]陈雪珍,慕建利,赵桂香,等.华北暴雪过程中的急流特征分析[J].高原气象,2014,33(4):1069-1075.
[3] Uccellini L W,Johnson D R.The coupling of upper and lower tropospheric jet stream and implication for the development of severe convective storm[J].Mon Wea Rew,1979,107(6):682-703.
[4]俞樟孝,李法然,杨厥正,等.一次高空急流中心引起的梅雨锋暴雨分析[J].杭州大学学报:自然科学版,1981,8(1):104-109.
[5]张俊兰,杨霞.2015年12月新疆极端暴雪天气过程分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2018,12(5):1-9.
[6]黄丽安,高坤.对流层高、低空急流耦合作用的动力学分析[J].浙江大学学报:理学版,1982,9(3):356-364.
[7]赵亚民.关于低空急流[J].气象,1979,(6):24-25.
[8]朱乾根,林锦瑞,寿绍文,等.天气学原理和方法[M].第四版.北京:气象出版社,2007:376-377,389-399.
[9]杨成芳,李泽椿,李静,等.山东半岛一次持续性强冷流降雪过程的成因分析[J].高原气象,2008,27(2):442-451.
[10]孙仲毅,王军,靳冰凌,等.河南省北部一次暴雪天气过程诊断分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(5):1338-1344.
[11]牟欢.2016年3月北疆一次暴雪天气过程诊断分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(6):26-33.
[12]杨利鸿,周宏,玛依热.艾海提.2011年2月喀什冬季一次暴雪天气过程分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(5):69-74.
[13]朱雯娜,张茜,谭艳梅.乌鲁木齐一次暴雪过程地形敏感性试验[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(4):62-69.
[14]张彩英.基于风廓线雷达资料的暴雪天气过程分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(4):80-85.
[15]阎丽凤,杨成芳,张少林,等.山东省灾害性天气预报技术手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2014:204.