公众参与环境影响评价的一个实证研究——基于山东、云南两省的问卷调查
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摘要
通过问卷调查的形式,研究山东、云南两省公众参与环境影响评价的现状,内容包括公众认知、信息的公开与获取、公众意见咨询与反馈等方面。回收的1952份有效问卷的统计分析结果表明:现阶段我国公众对环境影响评价的认知与参与程度较低,近半数的受访者认为不能获取所有必要的文件、信息公开渠道建设较为落后、公众参与的时间节点滞后以及信息完整度有待提高。此外,参与者的代表性与能力不足、反馈机制不完善也制约着公众更好地参与环境影响评价。究其原因,相关群体禀赋较差、法律法规不健全是公众参与环境影响评价面临的内部与外部障碍。
Through questionnaire survey,the current situation of public participation in environmental impact assessment in Shandong and Yunnan provinces was studied,including public awareness,disclosure and access to information,public opinion advice,accountability and feedback mechanisms. The results of statistical analysis of 1952 valid questionnaires showed that: the levels of public's awareness and participation in environmental impact assessment were not high,nearly half of the respondents thought that the necessary documents were not available,the construction of information open channels and the time of public participation lagged behind,as well as the information integrity needed to be improved. In addition,the insufficient representation and capacity of participants,the imperfect feedback mechanism also restricted the public to participate better in environmental impact assessment. The reasons for this were the poor endowments of relevant groups and the imperfect laws and regulations as internal and external barriers to public participation in environmental impact assessment.
Through questionnaire survey,the current situation of public participation in environmental impact assessment in Shandong and Yunnan provinces was studied,including public awareness,disclosure and access to information,public opinion advice,accountability and feedback mechanisms. The results of statistical analysis of 1952 valid questionnaires showed that: the levels of public's awareness and participation in environmental impact assessment were not high,nearly half of the respondents thought that the necessary documents were not available,the construction of information open channels and the time of public participation lagged behind,as well as the information integrity needed to be improved. In addition,the insufficient representation and capacity of participants,the imperfect feedback mechanism also restricted the public to participate better in environmental impact assessment. The reasons for this were the poor endowments of relevant groups and the imperfect laws and regulations as internal and external barriers to public participation in environmental impact assessment.
引文
[1]Ciaran O.Public participation and environmental impact assessment:Purposes,implications,and lessons for public policy making[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2005,30(1):19-27.
[2]Li W X,Liu J Y,Li DD.Getting their voices heard:Three cases of public participation in environmental protection in China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,98(1):65-72.
[3]刘萍,陈雅芝.公众环境知情权的保障与政府环境信息公开[J].青海社会科学,2010(2):183-186.
[4]王雪梅.中欧环评公众参与机制的比较与立法启示[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(4):34-43.
[5]Anne N G,Peter P J,Driessen A K,et al.Public participation in environmental impact assessment:why,who and how?[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2013,43(43):104-111.
[6]吕彦昭,伍晓静,阎文静.公众参与城市生活垃圾管理的影响因素研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,35(11):21-25.
(1)为避免建设项目中环评编制单位在公众参与中走过场、企业提供或编造公众同意等虚假信息以欺骗审批单位等现象,2017年颁布的《建设项目环境影响评价技术导则总纲》在工作程序中将公众参与和环境影响评价文件编制工作分离,环评中的公众参与部分将由企业自行承担,单独报送。
(2)提前公众参与介入时间对于参与效果有效性的提高尚存争议。一种观点认为,尽管理论上公众尽早参与有助于保持后续步骤的连续性,但是由于规划准备阶段或项目可研阶段环评的专业技术性过高,使得公众参与的效果有待商榷。另外一种观点认为,既便参与成本较高且成效有限,公众尽早参与也势在必行。
(3)《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》第十一条:"应当在该规划草案报送审批前,举行论证会、听证会,或者采取其他形式,征求有关单位、专家和公众对环境影响报告书草案的意见"。
(4)《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》第二十一条:"建设单位应当在报批建设项目环境影响报告书前,举行论证会、听证会,或者采取其他形式,征求有关单位、专家和公众的意见"。
[2]Li W X,Liu J Y,Li DD.Getting their voices heard:Three cases of public participation in environmental protection in China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,98(1):65-72.
[3]刘萍,陈雅芝.公众环境知情权的保障与政府环境信息公开[J].青海社会科学,2010(2):183-186.
[4]王雪梅.中欧环评公众参与机制的比较与立法启示[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(4):34-43.
[5]Anne N G,Peter P J,Driessen A K,et al.Public participation in environmental impact assessment:why,who and how?[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2013,43(43):104-111.
[6]吕彦昭,伍晓静,阎文静.公众参与城市生活垃圾管理的影响因素研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,35(11):21-25.
(1)为避免建设项目中环评编制单位在公众参与中走过场、企业提供或编造公众同意等虚假信息以欺骗审批单位等现象,2017年颁布的《建设项目环境影响评价技术导则总纲》在工作程序中将公众参与和环境影响评价文件编制工作分离,环评中的公众参与部分将由企业自行承担,单独报送。
(2)提前公众参与介入时间对于参与效果有效性的提高尚存争议。一种观点认为,尽管理论上公众尽早参与有助于保持后续步骤的连续性,但是由于规划准备阶段或项目可研阶段环评的专业技术性过高,使得公众参与的效果有待商榷。另外一种观点认为,既便参与成本较高且成效有限,公众尽早参与也势在必行。
(3)《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》第十一条:"应当在该规划草案报送审批前,举行论证会、听证会,或者采取其他形式,征求有关单位、专家和公众对环境影响报告书草案的意见"。
(4)《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》第二十一条:"建设单位应当在报批建设项目环境影响报告书前,举行论证会、听证会,或者采取其他形式,征求有关单位、专家和公众的意见"。