数字断层融合成像技术及其在乳腺癌筛查方面的应用
|
摘要
乳腺癌严重威胁着女性的生命健康,其治疗的关键手段在于早期诊断。乳腺数字断层融合技术是当前乳腺癌早期筛查的重要方式之一,成为乳腺成像领域的研究热点。数字断层融合成像技术使用影像重建算法将不同角度获取的一系列低剂量乳腺X射线影像重建,得到与探测器平面平行的乳腺任意深度层面的影像。相对于传统的二维X射线乳腺成像,数字断层融合成像技术具有检出率高、病灶成像不重叠、成像清晰等优点,被广泛应用于科学研究和临床治疗中。在陈颖博士多年研究的基础上,结合国内外最新的相关研究现状,从研究背景、技术原理、临床应用等方面,综述了乳腺数字断层融合成像技术在乳腺癌筛查诊断中的研究和应用现状。
Breast cancer is a serious threat to women′s life and health,and the key to its treatment is early diagnosis.Digital breast tomosynthesis is one of the most important methods in the early screening of breast cancer,as well as a hot spot in breast imaging field.The digital tomosynthesis technology acquires a series of low-dose mammography images obtained from different angles,and uses image reconstruction algorithms to reconstruct images of the breast at any depth parallel to the detector plane.Its advantages over conventional two-dimensional X-ray mammography,such as high cancer detection rate,and marked reduction in obscuring effect caused by overlying and underlying breast tissues,have made it wildly used in scientific research and cilinical treatment.Based on years of research done by Dr.Ying Chen,this paper reviews the background of digital breast tomosynthesis,hardware composition of its devices,reconstruction algorithms,and measurement parameters,and introduces its latest research development as well as clinical applications in diagnosis of breast cancer.
Breast cancer is a serious threat to women′s life and health,and the key to its treatment is early diagnosis.Digital breast tomosynthesis is one of the most important methods in the early screening of breast cancer,as well as a hot spot in breast imaging field.The digital tomosynthesis technology acquires a series of low-dose mammography images obtained from different angles,and uses image reconstruction algorithms to reconstruct images of the breast at any depth parallel to the detector plane.Its advantages over conventional two-dimensional X-ray mammography,such as high cancer detection rate,and marked reduction in obscuring effect caused by overlying and underlying breast tissues,have made it wildly used in scientific research and cilinical treatment.Based on years of research done by Dr.Ying Chen,this paper reviews the background of digital breast tomosynthesis,hardware composition of its devices,reconstruction algorithms,and measurement parameters,and introduces its latest research development as well as clinical applications in diagnosis of breast cancer.
引文
[1]Klevos G A,Ezuddin N S,Vinyard A,et al.A breast cancer review:Through the eyes of the doctor,nurse and patient[J].Journal of Radiology Nursing,2017,36(3):158-165.
[2]Stewart B,Wild C.World cancer report 2014[R].International Agency for Research on Cancer,2014.
[3]Chen W Q,Zheng R S.Incidence,mortality and survival analysis of breast cancer in China[J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology,2015,42(13):668-674.陈万青,郑荣寿.中国女性乳腺癌发病死亡和生存状况[J].中国肿瘤临床,2015,42(13):668-674.
[4]Li J,Zhang B N,Fan J H,et al.Clinical epidemiology of breast cancer in Chinese women over aperiod of 10 years(1999-2008)in China[C]//Proceedings of the National Conference on Tumor Epidemiology and Cancer Etiology,2011:15.李静,张保宁,范金虎,等.中国女性原发乳腺癌全国多中心10年(1999-2008)回顾临床流行病学研究[C]//全国肿瘤流行病学和肿瘤病因学学术会议论文集,2011:15.
[5]Zackrisson S,Houssami N.Evolution of mammography screening:From film screen to digital breast tomosynthesis[M]//Houssami N.Breast Cancer Screening:An Examination of Scientific Evidence.Sweden:Lund University Publications,2016:323-346.
[6]de Munck L,de Bock G H,Otter R,et al.Digital vs screen-film mammography in population-based breast cancer screening:performance indicators and tumour characteristics of screen-detected and interval cancers[J].British Journal of Cancer,2016,115(5):517-524.
[7]Niklason L T,Christian B T,Niklason L E,et al.Digital tomosynthesis in breast imaging[J].Radiology,1997,205(2):399-406.
[8]Skaane P.Breast cancer screening with digital breast tomosynthesis[M]//Bladwin P.Digital Breast Tomosynthesis.New York:Springer International Publisher,2016:11-28.
[9]Sechopoulos I.A review of breast tomosynthesis.Part I.The image acquisition process[J].Medical Physics,2013,40(1):014301.
[10]Conant E F,Beaber E F,Sprague B L,et al.Breast cancer screening using tomosynthesis in combination with digital mammography compared to digital mammography alone:A cohort study within the PROSPR consortium[J].Breast Cancer Research&Treatment,2016,156(1):109-116.
[11]Friedewald S M,Rafferty E A,Rose S L,et al.Breast cancer screening using tomosynthesis in combination with digital mammography[J].Journal of the American Medical Association,2014,311(24):2499-2507.
[12]Greenberg J S,Javitt M C,Katzen J,et al.Clinical performance metrics of 3D digital breast tomosynthesis compared with 2D digital mammography for breast cancer screening in community practice[J].American Journal of Roentgenology,2014,203(3):687-693.
[13]Gennaro G,Bernardi D,Houssami N.Radiation dose with digital breast tomosynthesis compared to digital mammography:Per-view analysis[J].European Radiology,2017,28(2):573-581.
[14]Iii J T D,Godfrey D J.Digital X-ray tomosynthesis:Current state of the art and clinical potential[J].Physics in Medicine&Biology,2003,48(19):R65-R106.
[15]Ren B,Ruth C,Stein J,et al.Design and performance of the prototype full field breast tomosynthesis system with selenium based flat panel detector[C].SPIE,2005,5745:550-561.
[16]Qian X,Tucker A,Gidcumb E,et al.A stationary digital breast tomosynthesis scanner[C].SPIE,2012,8313:831352.
[17]Sprenger F,Calderon X,Gidcumb E,et al.Stationary digital breast tomosynthesis with distributed field emission X-ray tube[C].SPIE,2011,7961:796151.
[18]Sprenger F,Calderoncolon X,Cheng Y,et al.Distributed source X-ray tube technology for tomosynthesis imaging[C].SPIE,2010,7622:76225M.
[19]Yang G,Qian X,Phan T,et al.Design and feasibility studies of a stationary digital breast tomosynthesis system[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators,Spectrometers,Detectors and Associated Equipment,2011,648(Suppl1):S220-S223.
[20]Schmitzberger F F,Fallenberg E M,Lawaczeck R,et al.Development of low-dose photon-counting contrast-enhanced tomosynthesis with spectral imaging[J].Radiology,2011,259(2):558-564.
[21]Wallis M G,Moa E,Zanca F,et al.Two-view and single-view tomosynthesis versus full-field digital mammography:High-resolution X-ray imaging observer study[J].Radiology,2012,262(3):788-796.
[22]Aslund M,Cederstrom B,Danielsson M.Scatter rejection in multislit digital mammography[J].Medical Physics,2006,33(4):933-940.
[23]Maidment A D A,Ullberg C,Lindman K,etal.Evaluation of a photon-counting breast tomosynthesis imaging system[C].SPIE,2006,6142:61420B.
[24]Maidment A,Albert M,Thunberg S,et al.Evaluation of a photon-counting breast tomosynthesis imaging system[C].SPIE,2005,5745:572-582.
[25]Ren B,Wu T,Smith A,et al.The dependence of tomosynthesis imaging performance on the number of scan projections[M]//Digital mammography.Heidelberg:Springer,2006:517-524.
[26]Sechopoulos I,Ghetti C.Optimization of the acquisition geometry in digital tomosynthesis of the breast[J].Medical Physics,2009,36(4):1199-1207.
[27]Tucker A,Qian X,Gidcumb E,et al.Optimizing configuration parameters of a stationary digital breast tomosynthesis system based on carbon nanotube Xray sources[C].SPIE,2012,8313:831307.
[28]Chawla A S,Samei E,Saunders R S,etal.A mathematical model platform for optimizing a multiprojection breast imaging system[J].Medical Physics,2008,35(4):1337-1345.
[29]Zhao W,Devch R,Dolazza E.Optimization of operational conditions for direct digital mammography detectors for digital tomosynthesis[C].SPIE,2005,5745:1272-1281.
[30]Glick S J,Gong X.Optimal spectra for indirect detector breast tomosynthesis[C].SPIE,2006,6142:61421L.
[31]Wu T,Liu B,Moore R,et al.Optimal acquisition techniques for digital breast tomosynthesis screening[C].SPIE,2006,6142:61425E.
[32]Kempston M P,Mainprize J G,Yaffe M J.Evaluating the effect of dose on reconstructed image quality in digital tomosynthesis[C].International Conference on Digital Mammography,2006:490-497.
[33]Timberg P,Bath M,Andersson I,et al.Impact of dose on observer performance in breast tomosynthesis using breast specimens[C].SPIE,2008,6913:69134J.
[34]Nishikawa R M,Reiser I,Seifi P,etal.A new approach to digital breast tomosynthesis for breast cancer screening[C].SPIE,2007,6510:65103C.
[35]Das M,Gifford H C,O'Connor J M,et al.Evaluation of a variable dose acquisition technique for microcalcification and mass detection in digital breast tomosynthesis[J].Medical Physics,2009,36(6):1976-1984.
[36]Hu Y H,Zhao W.The effect of angular dose distribution on the detection of microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis[J].Medical Physics,2011,38(5):2455-2466.
[37]Chen Y.Digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT)-a novel imaging technology to improve early breast cancer detection:Implementation,comparison and optimization[D].Durham:Duke University,2007.
[38]Chen Y,Balla A,Rayford II C E,et al.Digital tomosynthesis parallel imaging computational analysis with shift and add and back projection reconstruction algorithms[J].International Journal of Computational Biology&Drug Design,2010,3(4):287-296.
[39]Karellas A.Physics of mammographic imaging[J].Medical Physics,2014,41(1):017301.
[40]Claus B E H,Eberhard J W.Generalized filtered back-projection reconstruction in digital tomosynthesis:US6707878[P].2004-03-16.
[41]Zhou W,Lu J,Zhou O,et al.Evaluation of back projection methods for breast tomosynthesis image reconstruction[J].Journal of Digital Imaging,2015,28(3):338-345.
[42]Andersen A H,Kak A C.Simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique(SART):A superior implementation of the ART algorithm[J].Ultrasonic Imaging,1984,6(1):81-94.
[43]Li H J.Research on the image reconstruction in digital breast tomosynthesis[D].Guangzhou:Southern Medical University,2013.李慧君.数字乳腺三维断层合成摄影重建算法研究[D].广州:南方医科大学,2013.
[44]Wu T,Moore R H,Rafferty E A,et al.A comparison of reconstruction algorithms for breast tomosynthesis[J].Medical Physics,2004,31(9):2636-2647.
[45]Chen Y,Lo J Y,Dobbins J.Matrix inversion tomosynthesis(MITS)of the breast:Preliminary results[C].Radiological Society of North America 2004Scientific Assembly and Meeting,2004:323-346.
[46]Sidky E Y,Reiser I S,Nishikawa R,et al.Image reconstruction in digital breast tomosynthesis by total variation minimization[C].SPIE,2007,6510:651027.
[47]Sidky E Y,Pan X,Reiser I S,et al.Enhanced imaging of microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis through improved imagereconstruction algorithms[J].Medical Physics,2009,36(11):4920-4932.
[48]Lu Y,Chan H P,Wei J,et al.Selective-diffusion regularization for enhancement of microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction[J].Medical Physics,2010,37(11):6003-6014.
[49]Lu Y,Chan H P,Wei J,et al.Multiscale regularized reconstruction for enhancing microcalcification in digital breast tomosynthesis[C].SPIE,2012,8313:831322.
[50]Wu G,Mainprize J G,Yaffe M J.Breast tomosynthesis reconstruction using agrid of blobs with projection matrices[C].International Workshop on Digital Mammography,2010,6136:243-250.
[51]Chung J,Nagy J G,Sechopoulos I.Numerical algorithms for polyenergetic digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction[J].SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences,2010,3(1):133-152.
[52]Saunders Jr R S,Samei E.A method for modifying the image quality parameters of digital radiographic images[J].Medical Physics,2003,30(11):3006-3017.
[53]Bissonnette M,Hansroul M,Masson E,et al.Digital breast tomosynthesis using an amorphous selenium flat panel detector[C].SPIE,2005,5745:529-540.
[54]Behera M.Characterization of preliminary breast tomosynthesis data:Noise and power spectra analysis[D].Tampa Bay:University of South Florida,2004.
[55]Godfrey D J,Mcadams H P,Dobbins J T.Stochastic noise characteristics in matrix inversion tomosynthesis(MITS)[J].Medical Physics,2009,36(5):1521-1532.
[56]Chen Y,Lo J Y,Ranger N T,et al.Methodology of NEQ(f)analysis for optimization and comparison of digital breast tomosynthesis acquisition techniques and reconstruction algorithms[C].SPIE,2007,6510:65101l.
[57]Conant E F,Maidment A,Copit D,et al.Comparison of full-field digital mammography with digital breast tomosynthesis image acquisition in relation to screening call-back rate[J].Cancer Research,2011,71(24):OT2-05-04.
[58]Skaane P,steras B H,Eben E,et al.Comparison of digital mammography(FFDM)and FFDM plus digital breast tomosynthesis in mammography screening for cancer detection according to breast parenchyma density[C].Radiological Society of North America 2014 Scientific Assembly and Meeting,2014:132.
[59]Choi W J,Kim H H,Lee S Y,et al.A comparison between digital breast tomosynthesis and full-field digital mammography for the detection of breast cancers[J].Breast Cancer,2016,23(6):886-892.
[60]Svahn T M.Digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis[M]//Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis.New York:Springer,2015:65-91.
[61]Nam K J,Han B K,Ko E S,et al.Comparison of full-field digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis in ultrasonography-detected breast cancers[J].Breast,2015,24(5):649-655.
[62]Haas B M,Kalra V,Geisel J,et al.Comparison of tomosynthesis plus digital mammography and digital mammography alone for breast cancer screening[J].Radiology,2013,269(3):694-700.
[63]Zimmermann B B,Deng B,Singh B,et al.Multimodal breast cancer imaging using coregistered dynamic diffuse optical tomography and digital breast tomosynthesis[J].Journal of Biomedical Optics,2017,22(4):046008.
[64]Feng S S,Sechopoulos I.Clinical digital breast tomosynthesis system:Dosimetric characterization[J].Radiology,2012,263(1):35-42.
[2]Stewart B,Wild C.World cancer report 2014[R].International Agency for Research on Cancer,2014.
[3]Chen W Q,Zheng R S.Incidence,mortality and survival analysis of breast cancer in China[J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology,2015,42(13):668-674.陈万青,郑荣寿.中国女性乳腺癌发病死亡和生存状况[J].中国肿瘤临床,2015,42(13):668-674.
[4]Li J,Zhang B N,Fan J H,et al.Clinical epidemiology of breast cancer in Chinese women over aperiod of 10 years(1999-2008)in China[C]//Proceedings of the National Conference on Tumor Epidemiology and Cancer Etiology,2011:15.李静,张保宁,范金虎,等.中国女性原发乳腺癌全国多中心10年(1999-2008)回顾临床流行病学研究[C]//全国肿瘤流行病学和肿瘤病因学学术会议论文集,2011:15.
[5]Zackrisson S,Houssami N.Evolution of mammography screening:From film screen to digital breast tomosynthesis[M]//Houssami N.Breast Cancer Screening:An Examination of Scientific Evidence.Sweden:Lund University Publications,2016:323-346.
[6]de Munck L,de Bock G H,Otter R,et al.Digital vs screen-film mammography in population-based breast cancer screening:performance indicators and tumour characteristics of screen-detected and interval cancers[J].British Journal of Cancer,2016,115(5):517-524.
[7]Niklason L T,Christian B T,Niklason L E,et al.Digital tomosynthesis in breast imaging[J].Radiology,1997,205(2):399-406.
[8]Skaane P.Breast cancer screening with digital breast tomosynthesis[M]//Bladwin P.Digital Breast Tomosynthesis.New York:Springer International Publisher,2016:11-28.
[9]Sechopoulos I.A review of breast tomosynthesis.Part I.The image acquisition process[J].Medical Physics,2013,40(1):014301.
[10]Conant E F,Beaber E F,Sprague B L,et al.Breast cancer screening using tomosynthesis in combination with digital mammography compared to digital mammography alone:A cohort study within the PROSPR consortium[J].Breast Cancer Research&Treatment,2016,156(1):109-116.
[11]Friedewald S M,Rafferty E A,Rose S L,et al.Breast cancer screening using tomosynthesis in combination with digital mammography[J].Journal of the American Medical Association,2014,311(24):2499-2507.
[12]Greenberg J S,Javitt M C,Katzen J,et al.Clinical performance metrics of 3D digital breast tomosynthesis compared with 2D digital mammography for breast cancer screening in community practice[J].American Journal of Roentgenology,2014,203(3):687-693.
[13]Gennaro G,Bernardi D,Houssami N.Radiation dose with digital breast tomosynthesis compared to digital mammography:Per-view analysis[J].European Radiology,2017,28(2):573-581.
[14]Iii J T D,Godfrey D J.Digital X-ray tomosynthesis:Current state of the art and clinical potential[J].Physics in Medicine&Biology,2003,48(19):R65-R106.
[15]Ren B,Ruth C,Stein J,et al.Design and performance of the prototype full field breast tomosynthesis system with selenium based flat panel detector[C].SPIE,2005,5745:550-561.
[16]Qian X,Tucker A,Gidcumb E,et al.A stationary digital breast tomosynthesis scanner[C].SPIE,2012,8313:831352.
[17]Sprenger F,Calderon X,Gidcumb E,et al.Stationary digital breast tomosynthesis with distributed field emission X-ray tube[C].SPIE,2011,7961:796151.
[18]Sprenger F,Calderoncolon X,Cheng Y,et al.Distributed source X-ray tube technology for tomosynthesis imaging[C].SPIE,2010,7622:76225M.
[19]Yang G,Qian X,Phan T,et al.Design and feasibility studies of a stationary digital breast tomosynthesis system[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators,Spectrometers,Detectors and Associated Equipment,2011,648(Suppl1):S220-S223.
[20]Schmitzberger F F,Fallenberg E M,Lawaczeck R,et al.Development of low-dose photon-counting contrast-enhanced tomosynthesis with spectral imaging[J].Radiology,2011,259(2):558-564.
[21]Wallis M G,Moa E,Zanca F,et al.Two-view and single-view tomosynthesis versus full-field digital mammography:High-resolution X-ray imaging observer study[J].Radiology,2012,262(3):788-796.
[22]Aslund M,Cederstrom B,Danielsson M.Scatter rejection in multislit digital mammography[J].Medical Physics,2006,33(4):933-940.
[23]Maidment A D A,Ullberg C,Lindman K,etal.Evaluation of a photon-counting breast tomosynthesis imaging system[C].SPIE,2006,6142:61420B.
[24]Maidment A,Albert M,Thunberg S,et al.Evaluation of a photon-counting breast tomosynthesis imaging system[C].SPIE,2005,5745:572-582.
[25]Ren B,Wu T,Smith A,et al.The dependence of tomosynthesis imaging performance on the number of scan projections[M]//Digital mammography.Heidelberg:Springer,2006:517-524.
[26]Sechopoulos I,Ghetti C.Optimization of the acquisition geometry in digital tomosynthesis of the breast[J].Medical Physics,2009,36(4):1199-1207.
[27]Tucker A,Qian X,Gidcumb E,et al.Optimizing configuration parameters of a stationary digital breast tomosynthesis system based on carbon nanotube Xray sources[C].SPIE,2012,8313:831307.
[28]Chawla A S,Samei E,Saunders R S,etal.A mathematical model platform for optimizing a multiprojection breast imaging system[J].Medical Physics,2008,35(4):1337-1345.
[29]Zhao W,Devch R,Dolazza E.Optimization of operational conditions for direct digital mammography detectors for digital tomosynthesis[C].SPIE,2005,5745:1272-1281.
[30]Glick S J,Gong X.Optimal spectra for indirect detector breast tomosynthesis[C].SPIE,2006,6142:61421L.
[31]Wu T,Liu B,Moore R,et al.Optimal acquisition techniques for digital breast tomosynthesis screening[C].SPIE,2006,6142:61425E.
[32]Kempston M P,Mainprize J G,Yaffe M J.Evaluating the effect of dose on reconstructed image quality in digital tomosynthesis[C].International Conference on Digital Mammography,2006:490-497.
[33]Timberg P,Bath M,Andersson I,et al.Impact of dose on observer performance in breast tomosynthesis using breast specimens[C].SPIE,2008,6913:69134J.
[34]Nishikawa R M,Reiser I,Seifi P,etal.A new approach to digital breast tomosynthesis for breast cancer screening[C].SPIE,2007,6510:65103C.
[35]Das M,Gifford H C,O'Connor J M,et al.Evaluation of a variable dose acquisition technique for microcalcification and mass detection in digital breast tomosynthesis[J].Medical Physics,2009,36(6):1976-1984.
[36]Hu Y H,Zhao W.The effect of angular dose distribution on the detection of microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis[J].Medical Physics,2011,38(5):2455-2466.
[37]Chen Y.Digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT)-a novel imaging technology to improve early breast cancer detection:Implementation,comparison and optimization[D].Durham:Duke University,2007.
[38]Chen Y,Balla A,Rayford II C E,et al.Digital tomosynthesis parallel imaging computational analysis with shift and add and back projection reconstruction algorithms[J].International Journal of Computational Biology&Drug Design,2010,3(4):287-296.
[39]Karellas A.Physics of mammographic imaging[J].Medical Physics,2014,41(1):017301.
[40]Claus B E H,Eberhard J W.Generalized filtered back-projection reconstruction in digital tomosynthesis:US6707878[P].2004-03-16.
[41]Zhou W,Lu J,Zhou O,et al.Evaluation of back projection methods for breast tomosynthesis image reconstruction[J].Journal of Digital Imaging,2015,28(3):338-345.
[42]Andersen A H,Kak A C.Simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique(SART):A superior implementation of the ART algorithm[J].Ultrasonic Imaging,1984,6(1):81-94.
[43]Li H J.Research on the image reconstruction in digital breast tomosynthesis[D].Guangzhou:Southern Medical University,2013.李慧君.数字乳腺三维断层合成摄影重建算法研究[D].广州:南方医科大学,2013.
[44]Wu T,Moore R H,Rafferty E A,et al.A comparison of reconstruction algorithms for breast tomosynthesis[J].Medical Physics,2004,31(9):2636-2647.
[45]Chen Y,Lo J Y,Dobbins J.Matrix inversion tomosynthesis(MITS)of the breast:Preliminary results[C].Radiological Society of North America 2004Scientific Assembly and Meeting,2004:323-346.
[46]Sidky E Y,Reiser I S,Nishikawa R,et al.Image reconstruction in digital breast tomosynthesis by total variation minimization[C].SPIE,2007,6510:651027.
[47]Sidky E Y,Pan X,Reiser I S,et al.Enhanced imaging of microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis through improved imagereconstruction algorithms[J].Medical Physics,2009,36(11):4920-4932.
[48]Lu Y,Chan H P,Wei J,et al.Selective-diffusion regularization for enhancement of microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction[J].Medical Physics,2010,37(11):6003-6014.
[49]Lu Y,Chan H P,Wei J,et al.Multiscale regularized reconstruction for enhancing microcalcification in digital breast tomosynthesis[C].SPIE,2012,8313:831322.
[50]Wu G,Mainprize J G,Yaffe M J.Breast tomosynthesis reconstruction using agrid of blobs with projection matrices[C].International Workshop on Digital Mammography,2010,6136:243-250.
[51]Chung J,Nagy J G,Sechopoulos I.Numerical algorithms for polyenergetic digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction[J].SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences,2010,3(1):133-152.
[52]Saunders Jr R S,Samei E.A method for modifying the image quality parameters of digital radiographic images[J].Medical Physics,2003,30(11):3006-3017.
[53]Bissonnette M,Hansroul M,Masson E,et al.Digital breast tomosynthesis using an amorphous selenium flat panel detector[C].SPIE,2005,5745:529-540.
[54]Behera M.Characterization of preliminary breast tomosynthesis data:Noise and power spectra analysis[D].Tampa Bay:University of South Florida,2004.
[55]Godfrey D J,Mcadams H P,Dobbins J T.Stochastic noise characteristics in matrix inversion tomosynthesis(MITS)[J].Medical Physics,2009,36(5):1521-1532.
[56]Chen Y,Lo J Y,Ranger N T,et al.Methodology of NEQ(f)analysis for optimization and comparison of digital breast tomosynthesis acquisition techniques and reconstruction algorithms[C].SPIE,2007,6510:65101l.
[57]Conant E F,Maidment A,Copit D,et al.Comparison of full-field digital mammography with digital breast tomosynthesis image acquisition in relation to screening call-back rate[J].Cancer Research,2011,71(24):OT2-05-04.
[58]Skaane P,steras B H,Eben E,et al.Comparison of digital mammography(FFDM)and FFDM plus digital breast tomosynthesis in mammography screening for cancer detection according to breast parenchyma density[C].Radiological Society of North America 2014 Scientific Assembly and Meeting,2014:132.
[59]Choi W J,Kim H H,Lee S Y,et al.A comparison between digital breast tomosynthesis and full-field digital mammography for the detection of breast cancers[J].Breast Cancer,2016,23(6):886-892.
[60]Svahn T M.Digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis[M]//Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis.New York:Springer,2015:65-91.
[61]Nam K J,Han B K,Ko E S,et al.Comparison of full-field digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis in ultrasonography-detected breast cancers[J].Breast,2015,24(5):649-655.
[62]Haas B M,Kalra V,Geisel J,et al.Comparison of tomosynthesis plus digital mammography and digital mammography alone for breast cancer screening[J].Radiology,2013,269(3):694-700.
[63]Zimmermann B B,Deng B,Singh B,et al.Multimodal breast cancer imaging using coregistered dynamic diffuse optical tomography and digital breast tomosynthesis[J].Journal of Biomedical Optics,2017,22(4):046008.
[64]Feng S S,Sechopoulos I.Clinical digital breast tomosynthesis system:Dosimetric characterization[J].Radiology,2012,263(1):35-42.