牛至油和过瘤胃赖氨酸组合添加对奶牛产奶性能和氮排泄的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究牛至油(Oo)和过瘤胃赖氨酸(RPLys)组合添加对奶牛产奶性能和氮排泄的影响。选取年龄、体重、胎次、产奶量、乳成分及泌乳期[(105±15) d]相近,体况良好的荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为10组,每组4头。对照组(C组)饲喂基础饲粮,各试验组在基础饲粮中添加不同水平组合的Oo和RPLys。其中,Oo设3个添加水平,分别为11.5(L)、13.0(M)、14.5 g/(d·头)(H); RPLys设3个添加水平,分别为27.5(L)、30.0(M)、32.5 g/(d·头)(H),共组成9个组合,分别为LL、LM、LH、ML、MM、MH、HL、HM、HH组(第1个字母为Oo添加水平,第2个字母为RPLys添加水平)。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果显示:1)各试验组的产奶量均极显著高于C组(P<0.01),以MM组最高。2)各试验组的乳脂率和乳蛋白率不同程度地高于C组,且以MM组最高,极显著高于C组(P<0.01);各试验组的乳体细胞数均极显著低于C组(P<0.01),以M M组最低。3)各试验组的乳氮、氮沉积和氮表观消化率均极显著高于C组(P<0.01),且均以MM组最高; LL、LM、LH、ML、MM、MH、HL、HM、HH组总氮排泄量比C组分别降低了6.63%(P<0.01)、9.29%(P<0.01)、7.73%(P<0.01)、11.81%(P<0.01)、18.21%(P<0.01)、15.06%(P<0.01)、10.83%(P<0.01)、11.27%(P<0.01)和6.95%(P<0.01),以MM组最低。本试验结果表明,饲粮中联合添加Oo和RPLys可以提高奶牛的产奶性能、降低氮排泄量;综合考虑以上各指标,最佳组合为Oo 13.0 g/(d·头)、RPLys 30.0 g/(d·头)。
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of combined supplementation of oregano oil (Oo) and rumen-protected lysine (RPLys) on lactation performance and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows.Forty healthy Holstein lactating dairy cows with similar age,body weight,parity,milk yield,milk composition and lactation period [(105±15) days post-calving) ]were divided into 10 groups with 4 cows per group.The cows in control (C) group were fed a basal diet,while those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with different supplemental levels of Oo [11.5 (L),13.0 (M) and 14.5 g/ (d·cow) (H) ]and RPLys [27.5 (L),30. 0 (M) and 32. 5 g/ (d·cow) (H) ] to constitute 9 combinations,which were named as LL,LM,LH,M L,M M,M H,HL,HM and HH groups (first letter indicated Oo supplemental level,and the second letter indicated RPLys supplemental level),respectively. The pre-experiment lasted for15 days,and the experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) milk yield in experimental groups was extremely significantly higher than that in C group (P<0.01),and it in M M group had the highest value. 2) M ilk fat percentage and milk protein percentage in experimental groups were higher than those in C group in different degrees,and both of them in M M group had the highest values,which were extremely significantly higher than those in C group (P < 0. 01); milk somatic cell count in experimental groups was extremely significantly reduced compared with C group (P<0.01),and M M group was the lowest. 3) Compared with C group,milk nitrogen,nitrogen deposition and nitrogen apparent digestibility in experimental groups were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and all of them in M M group had the lowest values; compared with C group,total nitrogen excretion in LL,LM,LH,M L,M M,M H,HL,HM and HH groups was decreased by 6.63% (P<0.01),9.29% (P<0.01),7.73% (P < 0.01),11.81% (P < 0.01),18.21% (P <0.01),15.06% (P<0.01),10.83% (P<0.01),11. 27% (P < 0. 01) and 6. 95% (P < 0. 01),respectively,and M M group was the lowest. The results indicate that combined supplementations of Oo and RPLys can improve lactation performance and reduce nitrogen excretion; considering all the above indexes,the optimal combination is 13.0 g/ (d·cow) Oo and 30. 0 g/(d·cow) RPLys.
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of combined supplementation of oregano oil (Oo) and rumen-protected lysine (RPLys) on lactation performance and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows.Forty healthy Holstein lactating dairy cows with similar age,body weight,parity,milk yield,milk composition and lactation period [(105±15) days post-calving) ]were divided into 10 groups with 4 cows per group.The cows in control (C) group were fed a basal diet,while those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with different supplemental levels of Oo [11.5 (L),13.0 (M) and 14.5 g/ (d·cow) (H) ]and RPLys [27.5 (L),30. 0 (M) and 32. 5 g/ (d·cow) (H) ] to constitute 9 combinations,which were named as LL,LM,LH,M L,M M,M H,HL,HM and HH groups (first letter indicated Oo supplemental level,and the second letter indicated RPLys supplemental level),respectively. The pre-experiment lasted for15 days,and the experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) milk yield in experimental groups was extremely significantly higher than that in C group (P<0.01),and it in M M group had the highest value. 2) M ilk fat percentage and milk protein percentage in experimental groups were higher than those in C group in different degrees,and both of them in M M group had the highest values,which were extremely significantly higher than those in C group (P < 0. 01); milk somatic cell count in experimental groups was extremely significantly reduced compared with C group (P<0.01),and M M group was the lowest. 3) Compared with C group,milk nitrogen,nitrogen deposition and nitrogen apparent digestibility in experimental groups were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and all of them in M M group had the lowest values; compared with C group,total nitrogen excretion in LL,LM,LH,M L,M M,M H,HL,HM and HH groups was decreased by 6.63% (P<0.01),9.29% (P<0.01),7.73% (P < 0.01),11.81% (P < 0.01),18.21% (P <0.01),15.06% (P<0.01),10.83% (P<0.01),11. 27% (P < 0. 01) and 6. 95% (P < 0. 01),respectively,and M M group was the lowest. The results indicate that combined supplementations of Oo and RPLys can improve lactation performance and reduce nitrogen excretion; considering all the above indexes,the optimal combination is 13.0 g/ (d·cow) Oo and 30. 0 g/(d·cow) RPLys.
引文
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[18]王丽娟.现代奶牛生产中干物质采食量的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2015,36(7):53-56.
[19]周晓容,刘作华,杨飞云,等.牛至油对生长猪生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响[J].四川畜牧兽医,2010,37(9):22-23.
[20]杨昭,刘婷,吴建平,等.TMR中添加牛至精油抑菌作用的研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(14):8-13.
[21]BASMACIOGLU-MALAYOGLU H,SARICA S,SANLIER S,et al.The use of oregano essential oil and enzyme mixture in corn-soybean meal based diets of broiler chicks[J].European Poultry Science,2014,78:1-14.
[22]戴冉,马跃云,高丽晓,等.牛至油的作用机理及其应用[J].饲料广角,2016(8):44-47.
[23]姚喜喜,吴建平,刘婷,等.全混合日粮中添加牛至精油对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能和蹄病发生率的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(2):299-304.
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[28]石宁.日粮中添加牛至对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵、生产参数及乳脂肪酸组成的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2017,37(3):28-33.
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[30]唐庆凤,邹彩霞,梁辛,等.饲粮赖氨酸与蛋氨酸添加量对泌乳水牛生产性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(18):19-22.
[31]郭琦.中药提取物牛至油对奶牛体细胞数的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(8):171-172.
[32]韩飞,李瑾,潘悄悄,等.新型天然植物抗生素牛至油的研究进展[J].中国新药杂志,2015,24(3):303-307.
[33]HAQUE M N,GUINARD-FLAMENT J,LAMBER-TON P,et al.Changes in mammary metabolism in response to the provision of an ideal amino acid profile at 2 levels of metabolizable protein supply in dairy cow s:consequences on efficiency[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(6):3951-3968.
[34]MANZANILLA E G,PEREZ J F,MARTIN M,et al.Effect of plant extracts and formic acid on the intestinal equilibrium of early-w eaned pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(11):3210-3218.
[35]程胜利,李建升,冯瑞林,等.包被赖氨酸对绵羊氮消化代谢的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010(19):10453-10454.
[36]李雪玲,张乃锋,马涛,等.开食料中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸对断奶羔羊生长性能、氮利用率和血清指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(4):678-689.
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[39]林英庭,王利华,朱风华,等.瘤胃保护性赖氨酸和蛋氨酸对小尾寒羊瘤胃发酵及粗饲料成分瘤胃降解率的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(增刊):129-135.
[2]蔡杰,张文举.新型饲料添加剂---牛至油的研究进展[J].饲料博览,2013(2):38-42.
[3]TEMIZKAN I,KAMALAK A,CANBOLAT O.Effect of oregano oil on in vitro gas production,digestibility and metabolisable energy of some feedstuffs[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2011,39(2):132-135.
[4]毛成文.包被蛋氨酸和赖氨酸对肉羊氮代谢和生产性能影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2004.
[5]张艳梅,周玉香.过瘤胃赖氨酸对反刍动物生产性能影响的研究概况[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(1):80-82.
[6]WANG C,LIU H Y,WANG Y M,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of methionine and lysine on milk production and nitrogen utilization in dairy cow s.J Dairy Sci.,2010,93(8):3661-3670.
[7]张凯祥,邢德芳,高许雷,等.牛至油对奶牛瘤胃微生物蛋白产量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1902-1910.
[8]张成喜,孙友德,刘锡武,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸和肉桂醛组合添加对奶牛产奶性能及氮排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(9):3202-3210.
[9]冯仰廉,陆治年.奶牛营养需要和饲料成分[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[10]朱雯.粗料来源对奶牛乳蛋白前体物生成与生产性能的影响与机制研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[11]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6435-2006饲料中水分和其他挥发性物质含量的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[12]国家技术监督局.GB/T 6432-1994饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 20806-2006饲料中中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[14]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 1459-2007饲料中酸性洗涤纤维的测定[S].北京:农业出版社,2008.
[15]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6436-2002饲料中钙的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6437-2002饲料中总磷的测定分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[17]VALADARES R F D,BRODERICK G A,FILHO SC V,et al.Effect of replacing alfalfa silage w ith high moisture corn on ruminal protein synthesis estimated from excretion of total purine derivatives[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(12):2686-2696.
[18]王丽娟.现代奶牛生产中干物质采食量的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2015,36(7):53-56.
[19]周晓容,刘作华,杨飞云,等.牛至油对生长猪生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响[J].四川畜牧兽医,2010,37(9):22-23.
[20]杨昭,刘婷,吴建平,等.TMR中添加牛至精油抑菌作用的研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(14):8-13.
[21]BASMACIOGLU-MALAYOGLU H,SARICA S,SANLIER S,et al.The use of oregano essential oil and enzyme mixture in corn-soybean meal based diets of broiler chicks[J].European Poultry Science,2014,78:1-14.
[22]戴冉,马跃云,高丽晓,等.牛至油的作用机理及其应用[J].饲料广角,2016(8):44-47.
[23]姚喜喜,吴建平,刘婷,等.全混合日粮中添加牛至精油对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能和蹄病发生率的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(2):299-304.
[24]晓霖.研究发现牛至草能提高产奶量及饲料转化率[J].农业工程,2011(3):43.
[25]林波,纪苗苗,梁权,等.肉桂油和牛至油及其主要成分对体外瘤胃发酵和甲烷产生的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2011,31(2):279-282,287.
[26]红敏,赵瑞霞,高民,等.不同养殖模式下饲喂包被赖氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2011(14):8-11.
[27]GIALLONGO F,HARPER M T,OH J,et al.Effects of rumen-protected methionine,lysine,and histidine on lactation performance of dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(6):4437-4452.
[28]石宁.日粮中添加牛至对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵、生产参数及乳脂肪酸组成的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2017,37(3):28-33.
[29]云伏雨,高民,李满全,等.过瘤胃赖氨酸对奶牛产乳量及乳成分的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011(增刊1):72-74.
[30]唐庆凤,邹彩霞,梁辛,等.饲粮赖氨酸与蛋氨酸添加量对泌乳水牛生产性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(18):19-22.
[31]郭琦.中药提取物牛至油对奶牛体细胞数的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(8):171-172.
[32]韩飞,李瑾,潘悄悄,等.新型天然植物抗生素牛至油的研究进展[J].中国新药杂志,2015,24(3):303-307.
[33]HAQUE M N,GUINARD-FLAMENT J,LAMBER-TON P,et al.Changes in mammary metabolism in response to the provision of an ideal amino acid profile at 2 levels of metabolizable protein supply in dairy cow s:consequences on efficiency[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(6):3951-3968.
[34]MANZANILLA E G,PEREZ J F,MARTIN M,et al.Effect of plant extracts and formic acid on the intestinal equilibrium of early-w eaned pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(11):3210-3218.
[35]程胜利,李建升,冯瑞林,等.包被赖氨酸对绵羊氮消化代谢的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010(19):10453-10454.
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