基于CT图像序列的围压TATB基PBX冲击损伤特性
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摘要
为研究高聚物黏结炸药(PBX)在冲击载荷作用下损伤特性,以分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对TATB基PBX进行了动态冲击实验,利用X射线显微层析成像(X?ray Micro?computed tomography,X?μCT)进行了损伤观测表征,基于CT图像序列并结合数字图像处理算法,对损伤裂纹进行了提取与三维重构,并提出一种基于CT图像序列的缺陷体积占比的损伤变量评价方法,对不同子弹冲击速度作用下的损伤变量值进行了计算。结果表明,损伤裂纹沿着与端面约为60°方向由两端向中间延展,裂纹整体呈"沙漏"分布特征,且随着子弹冲击速度增加,裂纹延伸方向基本保持不变,由于炸药初始损伤的存在,损伤变量值并不一直增大,而是先减小再增大,后呈急剧增大趋势。
To study the damage characteristics of polymer bonded explosive(PBX)under impact load action,the dynamic impact test of TATB?based PBX was carried out with split Hopkins on pressure bar(SHHB)and X?ray micro?computed tomography(X?μCT)was used to observe and characterize the damage. Based on CT image sequences and combined with digital image processing algorithm,the extraction and 3 D reconstruction of damaged cracks was performed and a damage variable evaluation method based on the proportion of defect volume in CT image sequences was proposed. The value of damage variables under different impact velocities of bullet was calculated. Results show that the damaged cracks extends from two ends to the middle along the direction of approximately 60° with the end face. The whole crack exhibits a"hourglass"distribution characteristic.With the increase of the bullet impact velocity,the crack extension direction is unchanged. Because of the existence of initial damage,the value of damage variables does not always increase,while first decreases and then increases,and then shows a sharp increase trend.
To study the damage characteristics of polymer bonded explosive(PBX)under impact load action,the dynamic impact test of TATB?based PBX was carried out with split Hopkins on pressure bar(SHHB)and X?ray micro?computed tomography(X?μCT)was used to observe and characterize the damage. Based on CT image sequences and combined with digital image processing algorithm,the extraction and 3 D reconstruction of damaged cracks was performed and a damage variable evaluation method based on the proportion of defect volume in CT image sequences was proposed. The value of damage variables under different impact velocities of bullet was calculated. Results show that the damaged cracks extends from two ends to the middle along the direction of approximately 60° with the end face. The whole crack exhibits a"hourglass"distribution characteristic.With the increase of the bullet impact velocity,the crack extension direction is unchanged. Because of the existence of initial damage,the value of damage variables does not always increase,while first decreases and then increases,and then shows a sharp increase trend.
引文
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[15]罗景润,李大红,张寿齐,等.简单拉伸下高聚物粘结炸药的损伤测量及损伤演化研究[J].高压物理学报,2000,14(3):203-208.LUO Jing-run,LI Da-hong,ZHANG Shou-qi,et al.Damage evolution of PBX under simple tension[J].Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,2000,14(3):203-208.
[16]Yuan Zeng-nian,Chen Hua,Dai Bin.In-situ X-ray tomography observation of damage evolution in PBX mock materials with prefabricated defects[J].Materials,2017,25(12):997-1003.
[17]张伟斌,戴斌,田勇,等.微米级炸药晶体缺陷的μVCT试验研究[J].含能材料,2008,16(6):767.ZHANG Wei-bin,DAI Bin,TIAN Yong,et al.Experiment study on micro crystal defect of explosive based onμVCT[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2008,16(6):767.
[18]张伟斌,李敬明,杨雪海,等.TATB颗粒稳压成型PBX的初始损伤[J].含能材料,2015,23(2):202-204.ZHANG Wei-bin,LI Jing-ming,YANG Xue-hai,et al.Initial mesoscopic damage of TATB based PBX pressed by warm compaction[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2015,23(2):202-204.
[2]Kachanow L M.Introduction to Continuum Damage.Mechanics[M].Netherlands:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,1986.
[3]Barua A,Horie Y,Zhou M.Energy localization in HMX-Estane polymer-bonded explosive during impact loading[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2012,111(5):399-586.
[4]陈鹏万,丁雁生.含能材料的细观损伤[J].火炸药学报,2001,24(2):58-61.CHEN Peng-wan,DING Yan-sheng.Damage in energetic materials[J].Chinese Journal of Explosive&Propellants,2001,24(2):58-61.
[5]Lemaitre J.A Course on Damage Mechanics[M].Berlin:Spring Verlag,1992.
[6]陈鹏万,丁雁生,何松伟,等.炸药冲击损伤的实验研究[J].含能材料,2003,11(1):13-17.CHEN Peng-wan,DING Yan-sheng,HE Song-wei,et al.Experimental study on the impact damage of selected explosives[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2003,11(1):13-17.
[7]Pengwan Chen,Fenglei Huang,Kaida Dai,et al.Detection and characterization of long-pulse low-velocity impact damage in plastic bonded explosives[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2005,31:497-508.
[8]梁增友,黄风雷,段卓平,等.PBX炸药及其模拟材料冲击损伤的实验研究[J].弹箭与制导学报,2008,28(1):131-135.LIANG Zeng-you,HUANG Feng-lei,DUAN Zhuo-ping,et al.Experiment study on impact damage of PBX explosive and simulation material[J].Journal of Projectiles,Rockets,Missiles and Guidance,2008,28(1):131-135.
[9]Yurlov V,Pushkov V A,Naidanova T G,et al.Response of an HMX based explosive to dynamic loading by the Hopkinson split bar technique[J].Combustion,Explosion,and Shock Waves,2016,52(4):493-496.
[10]孙培培,王晓峰,南海,等.落锤冲击加载下炸药基体内不同粒度AP颗粒破碎特征[J].含能材料,2015,23(1):53-56.SUN Pei-Pei,WANG Xiao-feng,NAN Hai,et al.Fracture feature of AP grains with different sizes within explosive substrate under drop hammer impact loading[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2015,23(1):53-56.
[11]尹俊婷,袁宝慧,牛鹏俊,等.炸药损伤及损伤炸药环境适应性的实验研究[J].火炸药学报,2008,31(2):78-80.YIN Jun-ting,YUAN Bao-hui,NIU Peng-jun,et al.Experimental study on the explosive damage and environment adaptability of damaged explosive[J].Chinese Journal of Explosive&Propellants,2008,31(2):78-80.
[12]DAI Xiao-gan,HUANG Qian,HUANG Feng-lei,et al.The development of a confined impact test for evaluating the safety of polymer bonded explosives during warhead penetration[J].Propellants,Explosives,Pyrotechnics,2015,40(5):665-673.
[13]姜夕博,金朋刚,王建灵,等.冲击载荷作用下两种HMX基抗高过载炸药损伤特性[J].含能材料,2017,25(12):991-996.JIANG Xi-bo,JIN Peng-gang,WANG Jian-ling,et al.Damage characteristics of two HMX-based anti-overloaded explosives under shock loading[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2017,25(12):991-996.
[14]Bin Dai,Wei-bin Zhang,Lin-gang Lan,et al.Experimental study and DEM simulation of micro-macro behavior of TATBgranules during compaction using X-ray tomography[J].Propellants,Explosives,Pyrotechnics,2015,40:688-698.
[15]罗景润,李大红,张寿齐,等.简单拉伸下高聚物粘结炸药的损伤测量及损伤演化研究[J].高压物理学报,2000,14(3):203-208.LUO Jing-run,LI Da-hong,ZHANG Shou-qi,et al.Damage evolution of PBX under simple tension[J].Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,2000,14(3):203-208.
[16]Yuan Zeng-nian,Chen Hua,Dai Bin.In-situ X-ray tomography observation of damage evolution in PBX mock materials with prefabricated defects[J].Materials,2017,25(12):997-1003.
[17]张伟斌,戴斌,田勇,等.微米级炸药晶体缺陷的μVCT试验研究[J].含能材料,2008,16(6):767.ZHANG Wei-bin,DAI Bin,TIAN Yong,et al.Experiment study on micro crystal defect of explosive based onμVCT[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2008,16(6):767.
[18]张伟斌,李敬明,杨雪海,等.TATB颗粒稳压成型PBX的初始损伤[J].含能材料,2015,23(2):202-204.ZHANG Wei-bin,LI Jing-ming,YANG Xue-hai,et al.Initial mesoscopic damage of TATB based PBX pressed by warm compaction[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2015,23(2):202-204.