不同栽培基质对香菇头潮菇产量及子实体营养成分的影响
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摘要
为了缓解香菇传统栽培过程中的木屑资源短缺问题,充分利用果木废弃物,试验选择香菇‘K5’作为试验材料,以杂木、桑木、苹果木和枣木为栽培基质,每种基质设3个氮含量处理水平,通过测定并分析不同基质头潮菇产量及子实体的有机质、氮、磷、钾含量,研究不同栽培基质对香菇头潮菇产量及子实体养分的影响。试验结果表明:4种果木屑均可作为香菇的栽培基质,其中枣木C配方和桑木A配方生产的香菇头潮菇产量和生物学效率较高,但是以桑木做栽培基质生产的香菇,头潮菇结束后菌棒便开始萎缩,不利于后期出菇。枣木C配方生产的香菇,其有机质、氮、磷、钾等营养成分均处于较高水平,因此,在香菇代料栽培中可以使用枣木代替传统的阔叶树木屑。
To alleviate the shortage of wood resources during the traditional cultivation process of mushroom,and make full use of fruit tree's waste, this experiment selected mushroom‘K5'as experimental material andset four kinds of cultivation medium including hardwood, mulberry trees, apple trees and jujube trees, and eachmedium had three treatment levels of nitrogen content. We attempted to study the influence of differentcultivation medium on the yield and nutrient composition of the first tide mushroom through testing andanalyzing the yield and the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The result indicatedthat four kinds of fruit trees could be used as the cultivation medium of mushroom, and the production andbiological efficiency of the jujube C and mulberry A were higher than that of others. But when the mulberrytrees were used as the cultivation medium, the mushroom-stick began to shrink after the first tide, and it wasnot conducive to late fruiting. The nutrients, including organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, of thejujube C were at a relatively high level, therefore, jujube trees could be used instead of the traditionalhardwood as the cultivation medium in the mushroom substitute cultivation.
To alleviate the shortage of wood resources during the traditional cultivation process of mushroom,and make full use of fruit tree's waste, this experiment selected mushroom‘K5'as experimental material andset four kinds of cultivation medium including hardwood, mulberry trees, apple trees and jujube trees, and eachmedium had three treatment levels of nitrogen content. We attempted to study the influence of differentcultivation medium on the yield and nutrient composition of the first tide mushroom through testing andanalyzing the yield and the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The result indicatedthat four kinds of fruit trees could be used as the cultivation medium of mushroom, and the production andbiological efficiency of the jujube C and mulberry A were higher than that of others. But when the mulberrytrees were used as the cultivation medium, the mushroom-stick began to shrink after the first tide, and it wasnot conducive to late fruiting. The nutrients, including organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, of thejujube C were at a relatively high level, therefore, jujube trees could be used instead of the traditionalhardwood as the cultivation medium in the mushroom substitute cultivation.
引文
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[2]乔邓君.近五年我国香菇袋栽研究进展[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14:108.
[3]吴学谦,陈士瑜.中国香菇栽培技术的变革与发展[J].浙江林业科技,2002,22(3):14-18.
[4]陈秀炳.人工栽培香菇阔叶树种的优化选择及应用研究[A].第八届海峡两岸菌物学学术研讨会论文集[C].2007:153-158.
[5]夏春雨,廖森泰,刘学铭,等.桑枝栽培食用菌技术的研究进展及发展建议[J].中国蚕业,2009,4:14-17.
[6]陈学强,罗霞,余梦瑶,等.新型栽培基质生产食用菌的研究进展[J].中国食用菌,2009:7-9.
[7]陈金华,程文亮,顾新伟,等.果桑枝条栽培香菇研究[J].浙江农业科学,2006:131-133.
[8]兰红礼,闫红,杜适普,等.苹果树枝木屑栽培香菇试验[J].食用菌,2008,4:30-31.
[9]梁连友.渭北苹果枝条栽培袋料香菇技术研究与推广[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[10]张健.几种林果植物废弃物在香菇栽培种的应用研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[11]陈黄曌.棉杆屑在香菇代料栽培中的应用研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012.
[12]贺光华,劳动力成本上升对山西水果生产的影响[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2014.
[13]覃宝山,覃勇荣.新型培养料栽培食用菌研究的现状及展望[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(16):223-228.
[14]王义勋,杨凤,林亲雄,等.不同代料栽培资源对香菇菌丝生长影响[J].湖北林业科技,2015,44(2):25-26.
[15]邓春生,熊中良,周世黄,等.我国香菇产业可持续发展之对策[J].江西农业学报,2007,19(2):157-158.
[16]张振宇,苏建昌,杜兴程,等.适于规模化生产的香菇培养料基质配方筛选试验[J].中国食用菌,2015,34(3):22-24.
[17]周建方,吴立峰,李涛,等.苹果木屑反季节栽培香菇技术[J].食用菌,2012(2):32-33.
[18]苹果木有机香菇栽培规程[J].科学导报,2005,9:1-4.
[19]王华,李志勇,陈敏,等.苹果枝木屑春栽袋料香菇菌株试验[J].食用菌,2006(1):17-18.
[20]张春光,陈旭东,梅福杰,等.苹果枝屑培育花菇技术[J].食用菌,2005(6):25-26.
[21]薛变丽,段超,李波,等.苹果枝木屑春栽香菇试验[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(3):290-292.
[22]秦虎.桑条木屑栽培香菇金针菇试验初报[J].江苏蚕业,1988(3).
[23]朱炳飞,武步成,徐习报,等.利用湖桑枝条栽培香菇试验[J].江苏林业科技,2001,28(2):30-31.
[24]汪德宪,陈贵攀,陈正余.培养料添加桑枝屑栽培香菇试验[J].食用菌,2012(2):28-29.
[25]靳月琴,刘力,李波,等.桑枝与果枝作培养料秋栽香菇的比较试验[J].北方蚕业,2015.
[26]李峻志,吴亚召,雷萍.渭北地区梨枣枝条栽培滑菇技术初探[J].食用菌,2004(3):19.
[27]赵明文,李娜,李玉祥.枣木屑代料栽培三个平菇品种的对比试验[J].江苏农业科学,2004(6):127-128.
[28]冯志勇,汪昭月,谭琦,等.香菇栽培基质的营养选择性研究[J].食用菌学报,1999,6(4):21-25.
[29]吴学谦,付立忠,孙敏华,等.杉木屑栽培香菇的研究[J].中国食用菌,2007,26(3):17-21.