高速铁路矮屏障降噪性能测试与优化分析
|
摘要
研究目的:声屏障作为控制铁路噪声最主要的方法之一,能够在传播路径上有效降低铁路噪声源的传播,但仍存在工程造价高、维保费用高、景观效果差等不足。本文根据现场测试结果,从列车声源分布及频谱特性着手,建立矮屏障实验室1∶5缩尺模型,开展矮屏障空间降噪效果研究,从而为矮屏障设计和研发提供测试依据。研究结论:(1)高速铁路主要声源可分为轮轨区域噪声、车体空气动力噪声和集电系统噪声,并以轮轨区域噪声为主;(2)矮屏障位于近轨时,轨面以上3. 5 m场点降噪效果为5. 0 dB(A);远轨时为3. 3 dB(A);在远轨基础上增加线间屏障,降噪效果可提高2. 2 dB(A),达到5. 5 dB(A);综合分析可知,矮屏障能够显著降低250～1 000 Hz频率噪声;(3)线间屏障可弥补矮屏障距离声源较远时的缺陷,可明显增加降噪效果,提高降噪效率,因而将矮屏障作为声屏障的一种补充措施,应用于铁路轨道建设中,可大大提高降噪效果,满足户外声学环境要求。
Research purposes: As one of the most important methods to control railway noise,sound barrier can effectively reduce the transmission of various noise sources in the transmission path,but there are still some deficiencies,such as high cost,high maintenance cost and poor landscape effect. In this paper,based on the field test results,the distribution and spectrum characteristics of high-speed train sound source are analyzed,the 1 ∶ 5 scale laboratory model of the low barrier is established. The noise reduction at different field points of the low barrier is studied,to provide the test basis for the design and research of low barrier.Research conclusions:( 1) The main noise sources of high-speed can be roughly divided into wheel-rail regional noise,aerodynamic noise of train body and collector system noise,and mainly the wheel-rail regional noise.( 2) When the low barrier is located near the rail,the noise reduction of the field points at 3. 5 m above the rail surface is 5. 0 dB( A); far away from the rail is 3. 3 d B( A); The noise reduction effect can be improved by 2. 2 d B( A) to5. 5 dB( A) by adding an inter-line barrier. The comprehensive analysis shows that the low barrier can significantly reduce noise at the frequency from 250 Hz to 1 000 Hz.( 3) The inter-line barrier can make up for the defects when the low barrier is far away from the sound source,and can significantly increase the effect of noise reduction and improvethe efficiency of noise reduction. So,as a supplementary measure of sound barrier,the low barrier is applied to railway track construction,can greatly improve the effect of noise reduction and meet the requirements of outdoor acoustic environment.
Research purposes: As one of the most important methods to control railway noise,sound barrier can effectively reduce the transmission of various noise sources in the transmission path,but there are still some deficiencies,such as high cost,high maintenance cost and poor landscape effect. In this paper,based on the field test results,the distribution and spectrum characteristics of high-speed train sound source are analyzed,the 1 ∶ 5 scale laboratory model of the low barrier is established. The noise reduction at different field points of the low barrier is studied,to provide the test basis for the design and research of low barrier.Research conclusions:( 1) The main noise sources of high-speed can be roughly divided into wheel-rail regional noise,aerodynamic noise of train body and collector system noise,and mainly the wheel-rail regional noise.( 2) When the low barrier is located near the rail,the noise reduction of the field points at 3. 5 m above the rail surface is 5. 0 dB( A); far away from the rail is 3. 3 d B( A); The noise reduction effect can be improved by 2. 2 d B( A) to5. 5 dB( A) by adding an inter-line barrier. The comprehensive analysis shows that the low barrier can significantly reduce noise at the frequency from 250 Hz to 1 000 Hz.( 3) The inter-line barrier can make up for the defects when the low barrier is far away from the sound source,and can significantly increase the effect of noise reduction and improvethe efficiency of noise reduction. So,as a supplementary measure of sound barrier,the low barrier is applied to railway track construction,can greatly improve the effect of noise reduction and meet the requirements of outdoor acoustic environment.
引文
[1] Thompson D. J. Railway Noise and Vibration[M].New York:Elsevier,2009.
[2] Morgan P. A.,Hothersal D. C.,Chandler-Wilde S.N. Influence of Shape and Absorbing Surface:a Numerical Study of Railway Noise Barriers[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998(3):405-417.
[3] AL-Richtlinie. Calculation of the Sound Emission from Rail Traffic(in German)[R]. Vienna:Federal Department of Transportation,1990.
[4]辜小安.日本新干线铁路噪声现状及控制[J].铁道劳动安全卫生与环保,2000(3):147-152.Gu Xiaoan. Noise Control of High Speed Shinkansen[J]. Railway Occupational Safety, Health and Environmental Protection,2000(3):147-152.
[5] Jones C.,Hardy A. Bogie Shrouds and Low Trackside Barriers for the Control of Railway Vehicle Rolling Noise[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996(1):427-431.
[6] He Bin,Xiao Xinbiao,Zhou Qiang,etc. Investigation into External Noise of a High-speed Train at Different Speeds[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics&Engineering),2014(12):1019-1033.
[7] Hemsworth B. Prediction of Train Noise[M]. London:Butterworth,1987.
[8] Feldmann J. The Noise Behaviour of the Wheel/rail System-some Supplementary Results[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1983(3):179-187.
[2] Morgan P. A.,Hothersal D. C.,Chandler-Wilde S.N. Influence of Shape and Absorbing Surface:a Numerical Study of Railway Noise Barriers[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998(3):405-417.
[3] AL-Richtlinie. Calculation of the Sound Emission from Rail Traffic(in German)[R]. Vienna:Federal Department of Transportation,1990.
[4]辜小安.日本新干线铁路噪声现状及控制[J].铁道劳动安全卫生与环保,2000(3):147-152.Gu Xiaoan. Noise Control of High Speed Shinkansen[J]. Railway Occupational Safety, Health and Environmental Protection,2000(3):147-152.
[5] Jones C.,Hardy A. Bogie Shrouds and Low Trackside Barriers for the Control of Railway Vehicle Rolling Noise[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996(1):427-431.
[6] He Bin,Xiao Xinbiao,Zhou Qiang,etc. Investigation into External Noise of a High-speed Train at Different Speeds[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics&Engineering),2014(12):1019-1033.
[7] Hemsworth B. Prediction of Train Noise[M]. London:Butterworth,1987.
[8] Feldmann J. The Noise Behaviour of the Wheel/rail System-some Supplementary Results[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1983(3):179-187.