应用氯量平衡法估算娘子关泉域典型岩溶区的降水入渗系数
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摘要
娘子关泉作为北方著名的岩溶大泉,研究程度较高,降水入渗补给作为泉域内岩溶地下水的主要补给来源,开展降水入渗系数的研究对于评价岩溶地下水资源量、分析娘子关泉水流量的变化具有重要意义。氯量平衡法利用氯离子质量守恒的原理直接估算降水入渗系数,该方法简便、有效,在国内外很多地区都进行了应用。通过在娘子关泉域内碳酸盐岩裸露区和覆盖区分别选择典型区,运用该方法分别估算了裸露区中等岩溶发育区和覆盖区的降水入渗系数,得到的结果分别为0. 21和0. 11,取得的结果与该地区已有的成果基本吻合,为该地区降水入渗系数的准确估算提供了新的方法,同时也为氯量平衡法在同类型地区的应用提供了借鉴。
As one of the famous karst springs in northern China,the Niangziguan Spring was much examined.Infiltration of precipitation is the main recharge source of the karst groundwater. Research on the infiltration coefficient of precipitation is of important significance for the karst groundwater resource evaluation and spring flow analyses. The major achievements of the infiltration coefficient of precipitation are based on the water balance method in the karst groundwater system. The precipitation recharge is given through the water-budget equation,and the results will decrease with the increasing karst groundwater system. This method can cause errors because of the uncertainty of the karst groundwater system. Chloride mass balance( CMB) is a simple and valid estimation method of recharge from precipitation,and it has widely been used at home and abroad. In the Niangziguan karst spring area,two typical karst regions were separately selected in the outcropping areas of the carbonates and the covered carbonate areas. The CMB were adopted to estimate the vertical infiltration coefficient at these two regions,and the results are 0. 21 at outcropping carbonate area and 0. 11 at covered carbonate area. The results are in a good agreement with the data from the predecessors. This paper contributes to promote the applications and developments of the CMB method in karst areas in northern China.
As one of the famous karst springs in northern China,the Niangziguan Spring was much examined.Infiltration of precipitation is the main recharge source of the karst groundwater. Research on the infiltration coefficient of precipitation is of important significance for the karst groundwater resource evaluation and spring flow analyses. The major achievements of the infiltration coefficient of precipitation are based on the water balance method in the karst groundwater system. The precipitation recharge is given through the water-budget equation,and the results will decrease with the increasing karst groundwater system. This method can cause errors because of the uncertainty of the karst groundwater system. Chloride mass balance( CMB) is a simple and valid estimation method of recharge from precipitation,and it has widely been used at home and abroad. In the Niangziguan karst spring area,two typical karst regions were separately selected in the outcropping areas of the carbonates and the covered carbonate areas. The CMB were adopted to estimate the vertical infiltration coefficient at these two regions,and the results are 0. 21 at outcropping carbonate area and 0. 11 at covered carbonate area. The results are in a good agreement with the data from the predecessors. This paper contributes to promote the applications and developments of the CMB method in karst areas in northern China.
引文
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[7]梁永平,石东海,李纯纪,等.岩溶渗漏河段来水量与渗漏量间关系测试研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(2):19-26.[LIANG Y P,SHI D H,LI C J,et al. Test and research on the relationship between runoff and leakage on a karst percolation zone[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2011,38(2):19-26.(in Chinese)]
[8]梁永平,韩行瑞.优化技术在娘子关泉域岩溶地下水开采资源量评价与管理中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,33(4):67-70.[LIANG Y P,HAN X R. Application of optimal technique to evaluation of exploitable karst water resources and its management in Niangziguan spring basin[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,,2006,33(4):67-70.(in Chinese)]
[9]山西省电力勘测设计院.娘子关泉勘探开发过程小结[C]//岩溶区水文地质及工程地质工作经验汇编.北京:地质出版社,1975:35-40.[Shanxi electric power engineering institute. Exploration and development summary of Niangziguan spring[C]//Hydrogeology and engineering geology in Karst area.Beijing:Geology Press,1975:35-40.(in Chinese)]
[10]山西娘子关泉域岩溶水研究领导小组.山西省娘子关泉域岩溶水资源评价及其开发利用科研报告[R]. 1983.[Leading group of karst groundwater research of Niangziguan spring. The karst groundwater resources evaluation and development of Niangziguan spring in Shanxi[R]. 1983.(in Chinese)]
[11]张之淦,刘芳珍,张洪平,等.应用环境氚研究黄土包气带水分运移及入渗补给量[J].水文地质工程地质,1990(3):5-7.[ZHANG Z G,LIU F Z,ZHANG H P,et al. Study of soil water movement and recharge rate of rainfall infiltration in aeration zone of loess by measuring natural tritium[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1990(3):5-7.(in Chinese)]
[12]韩行瑞,鲁荣安,李庆松.岩溶水系统-山西岩溶大泉研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.[HAN X R,LU R A, LI Q S. Karst groundwater system-the research of karst spring in Shanxi[M]. Beijing:Geology Press,1993.(in Chinese)]
[13]山西省水利厅.山西岩溶泉域水资源保护研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.[Shanxi Water Resources Department. Water resources protection of karst spring area in Shanxi Province[M]. Beijing:China Water Power Press,2008.(in Chinese)]
[14]赵春红,梁永平,卢海平,等.娘子关泉域岩溶水脆弱性模糊综合评价[J].水文,2013,33(5):52-53.[ZHAO C H,LIANG Y P,LU H P,et al. Fuzzy evaluation of karst water vulnerability in Niangziguan spring area[J]. J of China hydrology,2013,33(5):52-53.(in Chinese)]
[15] Eriksson E,Khunakasem V. Chloride concentrations in groundwater,recharge rate and rate of deposition of chloride in the Israel coastal plain[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1969:178-197.
[16] Allison G B,Hughes M W. The use of environmental chloride and tritium to estimate total recharge to an unconfined aquifer[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research,1978(16):181-195.
[17] Wood WW,Sanford W E. Chemical and isotopic methods for quantifying ground-water recharge in a regional,semiarid environment[J]. Ground Water,1995(4):458-468.
[18] Saghravani S R, Yusoff I, Wan W Z, et al.Comparison of water table fluctuation and chloride mass balance methods for recharge estimation in a tropical rainforest climate:a case study from Kelantan River catchment,Malaysia[J]. Environ Earth Sci,2015,73:4419-4428.
[2]梁永平,王维泰,赵春红,等.中国北方岩溶水变化特征及其环境问题[J].中国岩溶,2013,32(1):34-42.[LIANG Y P,WANG W T,ZHAO C H,et al. Variations of karst water and environmental problems in North China[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2013,32(1):34-42.(in Chinese)]
[3]汪丙国,靳孟贵,王文峰,等.氯离子示踪法在河北平原地下水垂向入渗补给量评价中的应用[J].节水灌溉,2006(3):16-20.[WANG B G,JIN M G,WANG W F,et al. Application of chloride ion tracer method in estimation of vertical infiltration recharge of groundwater in Hebei Plain[J]. Water Saving Irrigation,2006(3):16-20.(in Chinese)]
[4] Houston J. Recharge to groundwater in the Turi Basin,northern Chile:an evaluation based on tritium and chloride mass balance techniques[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2007,334:534-544.
[5]马金珠,陈发虎,赵华. 1000年以来巴丹吉林沙漠地下水补给与气候变化的包气带地球化学记录[J].科学通报,2004,49(1):22-26.[MA J Z,CHEN F H, ZHAO H. Geochemical record of groundwater recharge and climatic change from unsaturated zone of Bada in Jaran desert since 1000years[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(1):22-26.(in Chinese)]
[6]申豪勇,梁永平,王维泰,等.娘子关泉域地表河流沉积物重金属污染特征与潜在生态风险[J].环境化学,2016,35(10):2051-2052.[SHEN H Y,LIANG Y P, WANG W T, et al. Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in river sediments of Niangziguan karst water system[J]. Environmental chemistry,2016,35(10):2051-2052.(in Chinese)]
[7]梁永平,石东海,李纯纪,等.岩溶渗漏河段来水量与渗漏量间关系测试研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(2):19-26.[LIANG Y P,SHI D H,LI C J,et al. Test and research on the relationship between runoff and leakage on a karst percolation zone[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2011,38(2):19-26.(in Chinese)]
[8]梁永平,韩行瑞.优化技术在娘子关泉域岩溶地下水开采资源量评价与管理中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,33(4):67-70.[LIANG Y P,HAN X R. Application of optimal technique to evaluation of exploitable karst water resources and its management in Niangziguan spring basin[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,,2006,33(4):67-70.(in Chinese)]
[9]山西省电力勘测设计院.娘子关泉勘探开发过程小结[C]//岩溶区水文地质及工程地质工作经验汇编.北京:地质出版社,1975:35-40.[Shanxi electric power engineering institute. Exploration and development summary of Niangziguan spring[C]//Hydrogeology and engineering geology in Karst area.Beijing:Geology Press,1975:35-40.(in Chinese)]
[10]山西娘子关泉域岩溶水研究领导小组.山西省娘子关泉域岩溶水资源评价及其开发利用科研报告[R]. 1983.[Leading group of karst groundwater research of Niangziguan spring. The karst groundwater resources evaluation and development of Niangziguan spring in Shanxi[R]. 1983.(in Chinese)]
[11]张之淦,刘芳珍,张洪平,等.应用环境氚研究黄土包气带水分运移及入渗补给量[J].水文地质工程地质,1990(3):5-7.[ZHANG Z G,LIU F Z,ZHANG H P,et al. Study of soil water movement and recharge rate of rainfall infiltration in aeration zone of loess by measuring natural tritium[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1990(3):5-7.(in Chinese)]
[12]韩行瑞,鲁荣安,李庆松.岩溶水系统-山西岩溶大泉研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.[HAN X R,LU R A, LI Q S. Karst groundwater system-the research of karst spring in Shanxi[M]. Beijing:Geology Press,1993.(in Chinese)]
[13]山西省水利厅.山西岩溶泉域水资源保护研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.[Shanxi Water Resources Department. Water resources protection of karst spring area in Shanxi Province[M]. Beijing:China Water Power Press,2008.(in Chinese)]
[14]赵春红,梁永平,卢海平,等.娘子关泉域岩溶水脆弱性模糊综合评价[J].水文,2013,33(5):52-53.[ZHAO C H,LIANG Y P,LU H P,et al. Fuzzy evaluation of karst water vulnerability in Niangziguan spring area[J]. J of China hydrology,2013,33(5):52-53.(in Chinese)]
[15] Eriksson E,Khunakasem V. Chloride concentrations in groundwater,recharge rate and rate of deposition of chloride in the Israel coastal plain[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1969:178-197.
[16] Allison G B,Hughes M W. The use of environmental chloride and tritium to estimate total recharge to an unconfined aquifer[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research,1978(16):181-195.
[17] Wood WW,Sanford W E. Chemical and isotopic methods for quantifying ground-water recharge in a regional,semiarid environment[J]. Ground Water,1995(4):458-468.
[18] Saghravani S R, Yusoff I, Wan W Z, et al.Comparison of water table fluctuation and chloride mass balance methods for recharge estimation in a tropical rainforest climate:a case study from Kelantan River catchment,Malaysia[J]. Environ Earth Sci,2015,73:4419-4428.