大别山区地形降水特征分析
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摘要
利用2012—2014年地面自动站与中国区域CMORPH(Climate Prediction Center Morphing)多卫星降水数据相融合的逐时降水量数据集,分析大别山区的降水时空分布特征。2012—2014年大别山区年平均降水量978.5mm,降水大值区出现在大别山主峰的东南侧,降水主要集中在5—7月,且呈现明显的地形降水特征。从时间变化情况看,降水量呈现单峰的特征,7月降水量最大。从空间分布情况看,大别山及其东部地区是强降水的频发区,出现暴雨日数最多的区域位于主峰及其东侧。降水中心表现出显著的季节变化特征,冬季降水中心位于大别山区的东南部,进入春季以后降水中心向西北方向移动,北抬至大别山主峰北侧,进入秋季(9月以后)以后降水中心逐渐向南回落。大别山区大气环流的季节性变化及其与地形的相互作用是造成大别山区出现明显地形降水(与降水随海拔先增加后减小)和降水季节性变化的主要原因。
The hourly precipitation data sets with a spatial resolution of 0.1°×0.1°,which is the integrated CMORPH(Climate Prediction Center Morphing)rainfall products,are used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation in the Dabie Mountain region from 2012 to 2014.The average of annual precipitation was 978.5 mm over the Dabie Mountain region,and the heavy rain center was located at the southeast of the Dabie Mountain peak.The main rainfall season was from May to July,with obvious topographic character.There is a single peak in the time series of monthly rainfall,and the monthly average precipitation is the most in July in 12 months.As to the spatial distribution,Dabie Mountain and the area to the East had the more rainfall.The heavy rain and storm rainfall occurred more frequently in these regions,and in the central peak area and the eastern part,there were most heavy rain days,increasing with altitude.The location of the precipitation center moved with seasons.In winter,the precipitation center was located at the southeastern part of the peak,and in spring it moved northwestward and was located at the north of the main peak.From September,the center came back to the south of the main peak.It is concluded that the evolvement of atmospheric circulation and the interaction with terrain were the main causes for the orographic precipitation(precipitation increasing with the elevation)and seasonal variation.
The hourly precipitation data sets with a spatial resolution of 0.1°×0.1°,which is the integrated CMORPH(Climate Prediction Center Morphing)rainfall products,are used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation in the Dabie Mountain region from 2012 to 2014.The average of annual precipitation was 978.5 mm over the Dabie Mountain region,and the heavy rain center was located at the southeast of the Dabie Mountain peak.The main rainfall season was from May to July,with obvious topographic character.There is a single peak in the time series of monthly rainfall,and the monthly average precipitation is the most in July in 12 months.As to the spatial distribution,Dabie Mountain and the area to the East had the more rainfall.The heavy rain and storm rainfall occurred more frequently in these regions,and in the central peak area and the eastern part,there were most heavy rain days,increasing with altitude.The location of the precipitation center moved with seasons.In winter,the precipitation center was located at the southeastern part of the peak,and in spring it moved northwestward and was located at the north of the main peak.From September,the center came back to the south of the main peak.It is concluded that the evolvement of atmospheric circulation and the interaction with terrain were the main causes for the orographic precipitation(precipitation increasing with the elevation)and seasonal variation.
引文
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[13]廖杰,徐宾,张洪政.地面站点观测降水资料与CMORPH卫星反演降水产品融合的试验效果评估[J].热带气象学报,2013,29(5):865-873.
[14]江志红,唐振飞.基于CMORPH资料的长三角城市化对降水分布特征影响的观测研究[J].气象科学,2011,31(4):355-364.
[15]周璇,罗亚丽,郭学良.CMORPH卫星-地面自动站融合降水数据在中国南方短时强降水分析中的应用[J].热带气象学报,2015,31(3):333-344.
[16]王皓,罗静,叶金印,等.CMORPH融合降水产品与地面观测雨量资料估算淮河流域面雨量对比分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(3):189-194.
[17]冯强,叶汝杰,王昂生,等.中尺度地形对暴雨降水影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国农业气象,2004,25(4):1-4.
[18]黄勇,张红,冯妍,等.近38年安徽省夏季降水日数和强度的分布与变化特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(2):32-42.
[2]张家国,周金莲,谌伟,等.大别山西侧极端降水中尺度对流系统结构与传播特征[J].气象学报,2015,73(2):291-304.
[3]陈潜,赵鸣.地形对降水影响的数值试验[J].气象科学,2006,26(5):484-493.
[4]苗春生,刘维鑫,王坚红,等.梅雨期经大别山两侧暴雨中尺度低涡对比分析[J].高原气象,2014,33(2):394-406.
[5]郭蕊,苗春生,张楠.一次淮河流域梅雨锋暴雨的大别山地形敏感性试验[J].大气科学学报,2013,36(5):626-634.
[6]张宏群,马晓群,范伟,等.基于GIS的大别山区东段雨季降水空间分布模拟[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(5):152-157.
[7]董美莹,陈联寿,程正泉,等.地形影响热带气旋“泰利”降水增幅的数值研究[J].高原气象,2011,30(3):700-710.
[8]李锐锋,陈苏婷,张晋.SL 3型双翻斗雨量传感器翻斗协调性误差分析[J].气象科技,2016,44(4):576-580.
[9]曾杨,莫月琴,王志成,等.几种雨量观测方式比对试验分析[J].气象科技,2017,45(2):228-233.
[10]廖荣伟,曹丽娟,张冬斌,等.中国地面气温和降水网格化数据精度比较[J].气象科技,2017,45(2):364-374.
[11]沈艳,潘旸,宇婧婧,等.中国区域小时降水量融合产品的质量评估[J].大气科学学报,2013,36(1):37-46.
[12]张蒙蒙,江志红.我国高分辨率降水融合资料的适用性评估[J].气候与环境研究,2013,18(4):461-471.
[13]廖杰,徐宾,张洪政.地面站点观测降水资料与CMORPH卫星反演降水产品融合的试验效果评估[J].热带气象学报,2013,29(5):865-873.
[14]江志红,唐振飞.基于CMORPH资料的长三角城市化对降水分布特征影响的观测研究[J].气象科学,2011,31(4):355-364.
[15]周璇,罗亚丽,郭学良.CMORPH卫星-地面自动站融合降水数据在中国南方短时强降水分析中的应用[J].热带气象学报,2015,31(3):333-344.
[16]王皓,罗静,叶金印,等.CMORPH融合降水产品与地面观测雨量资料估算淮河流域面雨量对比分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(3):189-194.
[17]冯强,叶汝杰,王昂生,等.中尺度地形对暴雨降水影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国农业气象,2004,25(4):1-4.
[18]黄勇,张红,冯妍,等.近38年安徽省夏季降水日数和强度的分布与变化特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(2):32-42.