CMPA降水资料在中国地区不同地形下的精度评价研究
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摘要
以2001—2010年中国地面自动站降水资料为基准,对中国大陆范围内CMPA(CMPA_Daily)降水资料进行精度评价研究,并与CMORPH1.0(CPC MORPHing technique gauge-satellite)、TRMM3B43V7(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B43)降水资料精度进行对比,并进一步结合高程、坡度、坡向、坡向修正因子分析地形因子对数据质量的影响并探讨不同地貌类型下数据的精度。结果显示:CMPA在年、月尺度上均能较好地反映降水的多寡,与站点实测数据具有较高的相关性,误差波动较为平稳,数据质量及稳定性优于CMORPH与TRMM;从时间序列曲线显示CMPA的精度呈现较为明显的季节性差异,均方根误差夏季高于冬季,相关系数、百分比偏差、平均相对误差冬季高于夏季,总体而言CMPA夏季的误差高于冬季,由于夏季降水的基数大而导致了百分比偏差以及平均相对误差较低;分析地形的影响表明,高程、坡度对数据质量的影响大于坡向与坡向修正因子;在复杂地形下,高海拔与高坡度地区CMPA精度均有所降低,但降水资料的精度仍然优于CMORPH与TRMM。
The accuracy of CMPA remote sensing precipitation data in China from 2001 to 2010 was evaluated using the ground rainfall observation data as the reference data,and compared with CMORPH1.0 (CPC MORPHing Technique Gauge-satellite) and TRMM3B43V7 (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission3B43). In addition,combined with elevation,slope,aspect,correction factor to analyze the impact of topographic factors on data quality,the accuracy of the data in different terrains was also explored. The result shows that CMPA remote sensing precipitation data can reflect the distribution of precipitation in China on the year and month scale,with a high correlation with ground rainfall observation data and a stable fluctuation,which performs better than CMORPH and TRMM. Time series curve shows the accuracy of CMPA fluctuates in the period of year; RMSE in summer is higher than that in winter;correlation factor,percent error and MRE in winter is higher than that in summer. In general,the error ofCMPA in summer is higher than that in winter,and the low percent error and MRE are caused by the large base of summer precipitation. Terrain performance analysis shows that the influence of elevation and slope on data quality is greater than that of aspect and correction factor. In complex terrain,the accuracy of CMPA slightly decreases is high altitude and high slope areas,but the performance of reflecting the distribution of precipitation is still stronger than that of CMORPH and TRMM.
The accuracy of CMPA remote sensing precipitation data in China from 2001 to 2010 was evaluated using the ground rainfall observation data as the reference data,and compared with CMORPH1.0 (CPC MORPHing Technique Gauge-satellite) and TRMM3B43V7 (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission3B43). In addition,combined with elevation,slope,aspect,correction factor to analyze the impact of topographic factors on data quality,the accuracy of the data in different terrains was also explored. The result shows that CMPA remote sensing precipitation data can reflect the distribution of precipitation in China on the year and month scale,with a high correlation with ground rainfall observation data and a stable fluctuation,which performs better than CMORPH and TRMM. Time series curve shows the accuracy of CMPA fluctuates in the period of year; RMSE in summer is higher than that in winter;correlation factor,percent error and MRE in winter is higher than that in summer. In general,the error ofCMPA in summer is higher than that in winter,and the low percent error and MRE are caused by the large base of summer precipitation. Terrain performance analysis shows that the influence of elevation and slope on data quality is greater than that of aspect and correction factor. In complex terrain,the accuracy of CMPA slightly decreases is high altitude and high slope areas,but the performance of reflecting the distribution of precipitation is still stronger than that of CMORPH and TRMM.
引文
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[15]姜贵祥,孙旭光.格点降水资料在中国东部夏季降水变率研究中的适用性.气象科学,2016,36(4):448-456.JIANG Guixiang,SUN Xuguang.Application of grid precipitation datasets in summer precipitation variability over East China.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2016,36(4):448-456.
[16]胡海洋,胡轶佳,钟中,等.WRF模式对中国夏季降水的动力降尺度模拟研究.气象科学,2015,35(4):413-421.HU Haiyang,HU Yijia,ZHONG Zhong,et al.Double nested dynamical downscaling research on summer precipitation over China with WRF model.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2015,35(4):413-421.
[17]潘虹.复杂地形下中国月降水量网格化估算模型研究[硕士论文].南京:南京信息工程大学,2014.PAN Hong.Study on a distributed model of monthly precipitation in China over the complex terrain[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of information Science and Technology(in Chinese),2014.
[18]林之光.地形降水气候学.北京:科学出版社,1995:96-100.LIN Zhiguang.Terrain precipitation.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese),1995:96-100.
[19]史岚.长江流域起伏地形下降水量分布精细化气候估算模型研究[博士论文].南京:南京信息工程大学,2012.SHI Lan.Study on a fine-scale estimating climatic model for the spatial distribution of precipitation over the rugged terrain in Yangtze river basin[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(in Chinese),2012.
[20]杨婷,闵锦忠,张申龑.分层气流条件下地形降水的二维理想数值试验.气象科学,2017,37(2):222-230.YANG Ting,MIN Jinzhong,ZHANG Shenyan.Two-dimensional idealized numerical experiments on the orographic rainfall with a stratified flow over mountain.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2017,37(2):222-230.
[2]宇婧婧,沈艳,潘旸,等.概率密度匹配法对中国区域卫星降水资料的改进.应用气象学报,2013,24(5):544-553.YU Jingjing,SHEN Yan,PAN Yang,et al.Improvement o satellite-based precipitation estimates over China based on probability density function matching method.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),2013,24(5):544-553.
[3]Turk F J,Bauer P,Arkin P A.Satellite-derived precipitation verification activities within the international precipitation working group(IPWG).California:American Geophysical Union,2005:1-6.
[4]Turk F J,Bauer P,Ebert E,et al.Satellite derived precipitation verification activities within the international precipitation working group(IPWG)//Preprints,14th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography.Atlanta,GA:American Meteor Society,2006:2-15.
[5]季漩,罗毅.TRMM降水数据在中天山区域的精度评估分析干旱区地理,2013,36(2):253-262.JI Xuan,LUO Yi.Quality assessment of the TRMM precipitation data in mid Tianshan mountains.Arid Land Geography(in Chinese),2013,36(2):253-262.
[6]嵇涛,杨华,刘睿,等.TRMM卫星降水数据在川渝地区的适用性分析.地理科学进展,2014,33(10):1375-1386.JI Tao,YANG Hua,LIU Rui,et al.Applicability analysis of the TRMM precipitation data in the Sichuan-Chongqing region Progress in Geography(in Chinese),2014,33(10):1375-1386
[7]曾红伟,李丽娟.澜沧江及周边流域TRMM 3B43数据精度检验.地理学报,2011,66(7):994-1004.ZENG Hongwei,LI Lijuan.Accuracy validation of TRMM 3B43data in Lancang River basin.Acta Geographica Sinica(in Chinese),2011,66(7):994-1004.
[8]许时光,牛铮,沈艳,等.CMORPH对青藏高原地区夏季降水的模拟精度研究与修正.遥感信息,2015,30(1):71-76.XU Shiguang,NIU Zheng SHEN Yan,et al.Evaluation and modification of CMORPH multi-satellite precipitation estimates in summer over Tibetan Plateau.Remote Sensing Information(in Chinese),2015,30(1):71-76.
[9]Huffman G J,Bolvin D T.2011.TRMM and other data precipitation data set documentation.NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and Science Systems and Applications,Inc.[2013-01-28].ftp://precip.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/trmmdocs/3 B42_3 B43_doc.pdf.
[10]Joyce R J,Janowiak J E,Xie P P,et al.CPC MORPHINGtechnique(CMORPH)//Levizzani V,Bauer P,Turk F JMeasuring Precipitation From Space.Dordrecht:Springer,2007:307-317.
[11]宇婧婧,沈艳,潘旸,等.中国区域逐日融合降水数据集与国际降水产品的对比评估.气象学报,2015,73(2):394-410.YU Jingjing,SHEN Yan,PAN Yang,et al.Comparative assessment between the daily merged precipitation dataset over China and the world's popular counterparts.Acta Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),2015,73(2):394-410.
[12]成璐,沈润平,师春香,等.CMORPH和TRMM 3B42降水估计产品的评估检验.气象,2014,40(11):1372-1379.CHENG Lu,SHEN Runping,SHI Chunxiang,et al.Evaluation and verification of CMORPH and TRMM 3B42 precipitation estimation products.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2014,40(11):1373-1379.
[13]黄勇,陈生,冯妍,等.中国大陆TMPA降水产品气候态的评估.气象,2015,41(3):353-363.HUANG Yong,CHEN Sheng,FENG Yan,et al.Evaluation of TMPA precipitation estimates from 2008 to 2012 over China.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2015,41(3):353-363.
[14]邓斅学,叶爱中,毛玉娜,等.中国内陆TRMM降水数据质量评估.水文,2015,35(4):47-54,61.DENG Xiaoxue,YE Aizhong,MAO Yu’na,et al.TRMMprecipitation evaluation for inland of China.Journal of China Hydrology(in Chinese),2015,35(4):47-54,61.
[15]姜贵祥,孙旭光.格点降水资料在中国东部夏季降水变率研究中的适用性.气象科学,2016,36(4):448-456.JIANG Guixiang,SUN Xuguang.Application of grid precipitation datasets in summer precipitation variability over East China.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2016,36(4):448-456.
[16]胡海洋,胡轶佳,钟中,等.WRF模式对中国夏季降水的动力降尺度模拟研究.气象科学,2015,35(4):413-421.HU Haiyang,HU Yijia,ZHONG Zhong,et al.Double nested dynamical downscaling research on summer precipitation over China with WRF model.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2015,35(4):413-421.
[17]潘虹.复杂地形下中国月降水量网格化估算模型研究[硕士论文].南京:南京信息工程大学,2014.PAN Hong.Study on a distributed model of monthly precipitation in China over the complex terrain[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of information Science and Technology(in Chinese),2014.
[18]林之光.地形降水气候学.北京:科学出版社,1995:96-100.LIN Zhiguang.Terrain precipitation.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese),1995:96-100.
[19]史岚.长江流域起伏地形下降水量分布精细化气候估算模型研究[博士论文].南京:南京信息工程大学,2012.SHI Lan.Study on a fine-scale estimating climatic model for the spatial distribution of precipitation over the rugged terrain in Yangtze river basin[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(in Chinese),2012.
[20]杨婷,闵锦忠,张申龑.分层气流条件下地形降水的二维理想数值试验.气象科学,2017,37(2):222-230.YANG Ting,MIN Jinzhong,ZHANG Shenyan.Two-dimensional idealized numerical experiments on the orographic rainfall with a stratified flow over mountain.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2017,37(2):222-230.