基于限制程度排序的卢龙县耕地质量提升重点区域划定研究
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摘要
耕地是保证国家粮食安全的先决条件,也是保障社会安全及社会可持续发展的物质基础。中国耕地总体数量基数大,但整体的质量水平却很低。为明确耕地整治方向,针对不同地区进行不同重点的耕地整治,本文基于秦皇岛卢龙县农用地分等定级,构建耕地质量评价指标体系,运用得分因子标识法,确定限制因子组合类型,引入障碍度模型对限制因子组合进行修正,对卢龙县进行限制因子重点区域划定。结果显示,卢龙县15 981个耕地地块都存在高限制因子,汇总95种限制因子组合类型,共计43 909.71 hm~2。引入障碍度模型修正后卢龙县耕地可划分为5个主导限制因子重点区域:道路通达度限制因子主导区、地形坡度限制因子主导区、灌溉保证率限制因子主导区、农田防护林比率限制因子主导区和有效土层厚度限制因子主导区;其中农田防护林比率限制因子主导区整治面积最大,为37 680.91 hm~2,占耕地总面积的85.81%,主要分布在卢龙镇、燕河营镇和双望镇;其次为有效土层厚度限制因子主导区,面积为3 861.32 hm~2,主要分布在印庄乡;道路通达度限制因子主导区整治面积为1 876.16 hm~2,主要分布在双望镇;灌溉保证率限制因子主导区整治面积为319.44 hm~2,主要分布在燕河营镇;地形坡度限制因子主导区整治面积最小,为171.87 hm~2,占耕地总面积的0.39%,主要分布在刘田各庄镇。结合重点区域内限制因子可知,卢龙县主要限制因子以农田防护林比率和有效土层厚度为主,灌溉保证率和道路通达度为辅;在进行耕地整治时,可重点加强防护林建设,增加有效土层厚度,改良土壤,提高土壤肥力,加强农田设施及田间道路建设,确保粮食稳中增产,保障区域内粮食安全。研究结果可为丘陵山区整治规划、划定耕地质量提升重点区域提供技术支持,为今后耕地整治提供科学依据。
Cultivated land is not only an essential precondition for national food security, but also a material foundation for social security and sustainable development. The overall quantity of cultivated lands in China is large, but quality level has remained low. In order to design a definite direction for cultivated land consolidation and planning for different areas in Lulong County of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, this study established a quality evaluation indicator system for cultivated lands and determined the composite types of the limiting factors based on a score factor identification method. The study also introduced the obstacle degree model to modify the limiting factor combination used to delimit the key areas of cultivated land quality improvement. The results showed 15 981 plots of cultivated lands with high level limiting factors and 95 limiting factor combination types in Lulong County, which totally accounted for 43 909.71 hm2 of cultivated croplands. After the introduction of an modified obstacle degree model, cultivated land of Lulong County was divided into 5 dominant limiting factor areas consisting of road accessibility dominated region, terrain slope dominated region, irrigation guaranteed dominated region, farmland shelter belt ratio dominated region and effective soil thickness dominated region. The biggest area(37 680.91 hm2) was mainly limited by farmland shelter belt ratio, accounting for 85.81% of the total cultivated area and mainly distributed across Lulong, Yanheying and Shuangwang Towns. The second-biggest area(3 861.32 hm2) was mainly limited by effective soil thickness, which was mainly distributed across Yinzhuang Town. The area limited mainly by road accessibility was 1 876.16 hm2 and was mainly distributed across Shuangwang Town. The area limited mainly by probability irrigation was 319.44 hm2, which was mainly distributed across Yanheying Town. The smallest area limited mainly by terrain slope was 171.87 hm2, making up only 0.39% of the total cultivated area and mainly distributed across Liutiangezhuang Town. Based on the limiting factors in the main areas, the dominant limiting factors of cultivated land quality in Lulong County were farmland shelter belt ratio and effective soil thickness. Then probability irrigation and road accessibility played subsidiary roles in limiting vated land quality in the study area. The remediation processes of cultivated land included the strengthening of construction of shelter forest and the increase of effective soil thickness and improvement of soil fertility through enhancing farmland establishment and construction of feeder roads. The study provided technical support for planning consolidation strategies in hilly and mountainous areas and defining each section in the improvement of cultivated land quality. It also provided scientific basis for future farmland regulation in the region.
Cultivated land is not only an essential precondition for national food security, but also a material foundation for social security and sustainable development. The overall quantity of cultivated lands in China is large, but quality level has remained low. In order to design a definite direction for cultivated land consolidation and planning for different areas in Lulong County of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, this study established a quality evaluation indicator system for cultivated lands and determined the composite types of the limiting factors based on a score factor identification method. The study also introduced the obstacle degree model to modify the limiting factor combination used to delimit the key areas of cultivated land quality improvement. The results showed 15 981 plots of cultivated lands with high level limiting factors and 95 limiting factor combination types in Lulong County, which totally accounted for 43 909.71 hm2 of cultivated croplands. After the introduction of an modified obstacle degree model, cultivated land of Lulong County was divided into 5 dominant limiting factor areas consisting of road accessibility dominated region, terrain slope dominated region, irrigation guaranteed dominated region, farmland shelter belt ratio dominated region and effective soil thickness dominated region. The biggest area(37 680.91 hm2) was mainly limited by farmland shelter belt ratio, accounting for 85.81% of the total cultivated area and mainly distributed across Lulong, Yanheying and Shuangwang Towns. The second-biggest area(3 861.32 hm2) was mainly limited by effective soil thickness, which was mainly distributed across Yinzhuang Town. The area limited mainly by road accessibility was 1 876.16 hm2 and was mainly distributed across Shuangwang Town. The area limited mainly by probability irrigation was 319.44 hm2, which was mainly distributed across Yanheying Town. The smallest area limited mainly by terrain slope was 171.87 hm2, making up only 0.39% of the total cultivated area and mainly distributed across Liutiangezhuang Town. Based on the limiting factors in the main areas, the dominant limiting factors of cultivated land quality in Lulong County were farmland shelter belt ratio and effective soil thickness. Then probability irrigation and road accessibility played subsidiary roles in limiting vated land quality in the study area. The remediation processes of cultivated land included the strengthening of construction of shelter forest and the increase of effective soil thickness and improvement of soil fertility through enhancing farmland establishment and construction of feeder roads. The study provided technical support for planning consolidation strategies in hilly and mountainous areas and defining each section in the improvement of cultivated land quality. It also provided scientific basis for future farmland regulation in the region.
引文
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[12]郭力娜,张凤荣,曲衍波,等.基于分等因素组合的农用地整理类型分区[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):308–314Guo L N,Zhang F R,Qu Y B,et al.Farmland consolidation type zoning based on combination of grading factors[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(9):308–314
[13]胡辉,谢梅生,蔡斌,等.GIS技术在县级土地利用总体规划修编基本农田划定中的应用——以江西省安义县为例[J].中国土地科学,2009,23(12):28–32Hu H,Xie M S,Cai B,et al.Application of GIS techniques in primary farmland zoning in the revision of land use general planning of county level:Taking Anyi County of Jiangxi as an example[J].China Land Science,2009,23(12):28–32
[14]王新盼,姜广辉,张瑞娟,等.高标准基本农田建设区域划定方法[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(10):241–250Wang X P,Jiang G H,Zhang R J,et al.Zoning approach of suitable areas for high quality capital farmland construction[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(10):241–250
[15]董秀茹,尤明英,王秋兵.基于土地评价的基本农田划定方法[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):336–339Dong X R,You M Y,Wang Q B.Demarcating method of prime farmland based on land evaluation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(4):336–339
[16]沈明,陈飞香,苏少青,等.省级高标准基本农田建设重点区域划定方法研究——基于广东省的实证分析[J].中国土地科学,2012,26(7):28–33Shen M,Chen F X,Su S Q,et al.Approach to determining the key areas for provincial high-standard primary farmland development:Based on Guangdong Province[J].China Land Science,2012,26(7):28–33
[17]李超,杜昭阳,陈亚恒,等.基于栅格数据的高标准基本农田综合评价及建设时序研究——以河北省卢龙县为例[J].农业现代化研究,2015,36(1):111–117Li C,Du Z Y,Chen Y H,et al.Evaluating and planning of high quality basic farmland construction based on raster data:A case study of Lulong County,Hebei Province[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015,36(1):111–117
[18]杨伟,谢德体,廖和平,等.基于高标准基本农田建设模式的农用地整治潜力分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(7):219–229Yang W,Xie D T,Liao H P,et al.Analysis of consolidation potential of agricultural land based on construction mode of high-standard basic farmland[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(7):219–229
[19]涂建军,卢德彬.基于GIS与耕地质量组合评价模型划定基本农田整备区[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):234–238Tu J J,Lu D B.Consolidation area delimitation for supplemental prime farmland based on GIS and combined quality assessment model[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(2):234–238
[20]魏洪斌.基于土地整治的耕地质量评价与提升研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015Wei H B.Study on cultivated land quality evaluation and promotion based on land consolidation[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2015
[21]李静.土地评价指标标准化方法研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012Li J.Research on the standardization method of land evaluative index[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2012
[22]吴一凡,雷国平,路昌,等.基于改进TOPSIS模型的大庆市城市土地利用绩效评价及障碍度诊断[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(4):85–90Wu Y F,Lei G P,Lu C,et al.Evaluation of urban land use performance based on the improved TOPSIS model and diagnosis of its obstacle degree in Daqing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(4):85–90
[2]朱新华,曲福田.基于粮食安全的耕地保护外部性补偿途径与机制设计[J].南京农业大学学报:社会科学版,2007,7(4):1–7Zhu X H,Qu F T.Food safety based cultivated lands preservation exterior compensation:Methods and mechanism design[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University:Social Sciences Edition,2007,7(4):1–7
[3]吕昭江.构建我国粮食安全的配套保障机制[J].南京财经大学学报,2004(1):40–44LüZ J.Setting up the corresponding guarantee mechanism to food security in China[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,2004(1):40–44
[4]张瑞娟,姜广辉,周丁扬,等.耕地整治质量潜力测算方法[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(14):238–244Zhang R J,Jiang G H,Zhou D Y,et al.Calculation method of qualitative potential of farmland consolidation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(14):238–244
[5]陈茜,段建南,孔祥斌,等.北京市基本农田保护区内耕地数量提升潜力研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):200–203Chen Q,Duan J N,Kong X B,et al.Study on quantity promotion potential of Beijing basic farmland protection area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(3):200–203
[6]叶艳妹,吴次芳,蒋悦悦.基于精细化分区的农地整理田块规划设计研究[J].中国土地科学,2011,25(2):55–60Ye Y M,Wu C F,Jiang Y Y.Farmland reconsolidation planning based on detailed zoning approach[J].China Land Science,2011,25(2):55–60
[7]刘国勖,宋玉玲.松嫩平原耕地生产力的模糊聚类分区[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,1995,11(2):153–154Liu G X,Song Y L.Fuzzy clustering of farmland productivity in Songnen plain[J].System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture,1995,11(2):153–154
[8]邢世和,范胜龙,谢钊,等.基于GIS技术的福建省耕地价值构成与分区评价[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2008,37(4):420–424Xing S H,Fan S L,Xie Z,et al.Evaluation on composition and division of cropland value in Fujian based on GIS[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition,2008,37(4):420–424
[9]邢世和,徐志平,韦红,等.福建省耕地可持续利用分区评价及其对策[J].福建农业学报,2003,18(3):129–133Xing S H,Xu Z P,Wei H,et al.Division evaluation and countermeasure of cropland sustainable utilization in Fujian Province[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2003,18(3):129–133
[10]刘玉,刘彦随,薛剑,等.海河冲积平原区耕地综合产能核算及其分区利用[J].资源科学,2009,31(4):598–603Liu Y,Liu Y S,Xue J,et al.Calculation of the integrated productive capacity and subarea utilization of cultivated land in alluvial plain area of Haihe river[J].Resources Science,2009,31(4):598–603
[11]王印传,许嗥,孙丹峰,等.黄塔小流域农业生态系统景观特征探析[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(1):209–211Wang Y C,Xu H,Sun D F,et al.Landscape characters of agricultural ecology system in Huangta small watershed[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2006,14(1):209–211
[12]郭力娜,张凤荣,曲衍波,等.基于分等因素组合的农用地整理类型分区[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):308–314Guo L N,Zhang F R,Qu Y B,et al.Farmland consolidation type zoning based on combination of grading factors[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(9):308–314
[13]胡辉,谢梅生,蔡斌,等.GIS技术在县级土地利用总体规划修编基本农田划定中的应用——以江西省安义县为例[J].中国土地科学,2009,23(12):28–32Hu H,Xie M S,Cai B,et al.Application of GIS techniques in primary farmland zoning in the revision of land use general planning of county level:Taking Anyi County of Jiangxi as an example[J].China Land Science,2009,23(12):28–32
[14]王新盼,姜广辉,张瑞娟,等.高标准基本农田建设区域划定方法[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(10):241–250Wang X P,Jiang G H,Zhang R J,et al.Zoning approach of suitable areas for high quality capital farmland construction[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(10):241–250
[15]董秀茹,尤明英,王秋兵.基于土地评价的基本农田划定方法[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):336–339Dong X R,You M Y,Wang Q B.Demarcating method of prime farmland based on land evaluation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(4):336–339
[16]沈明,陈飞香,苏少青,等.省级高标准基本农田建设重点区域划定方法研究——基于广东省的实证分析[J].中国土地科学,2012,26(7):28–33Shen M,Chen F X,Su S Q,et al.Approach to determining the key areas for provincial high-standard primary farmland development:Based on Guangdong Province[J].China Land Science,2012,26(7):28–33
[17]李超,杜昭阳,陈亚恒,等.基于栅格数据的高标准基本农田综合评价及建设时序研究——以河北省卢龙县为例[J].农业现代化研究,2015,36(1):111–117Li C,Du Z Y,Chen Y H,et al.Evaluating and planning of high quality basic farmland construction based on raster data:A case study of Lulong County,Hebei Province[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015,36(1):111–117
[18]杨伟,谢德体,廖和平,等.基于高标准基本农田建设模式的农用地整治潜力分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(7):219–229Yang W,Xie D T,Liao H P,et al.Analysis of consolidation potential of agricultural land based on construction mode of high-standard basic farmland[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(7):219–229
[19]涂建军,卢德彬.基于GIS与耕地质量组合评价模型划定基本农田整备区[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):234–238Tu J J,Lu D B.Consolidation area delimitation for supplemental prime farmland based on GIS and combined quality assessment model[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(2):234–238
[20]魏洪斌.基于土地整治的耕地质量评价与提升研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015Wei H B.Study on cultivated land quality evaluation and promotion based on land consolidation[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2015
[21]李静.土地评价指标标准化方法研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012Li J.Research on the standardization method of land evaluative index[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2012
[22]吴一凡,雷国平,路昌,等.基于改进TOPSIS模型的大庆市城市土地利用绩效评价及障碍度诊断[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(4):85–90Wu Y F,Lei G P,Lu C,et al.Evaluation of urban land use performance based on the improved TOPSIS model and diagnosis of its obstacle degree in Daqing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(4):85–90