除盐水系统建模与物料衡算分析
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摘要
新鲜水的工业除盐系统通常涉及膜分离(例如超滤、反渗透等),阴阳离子交换树脂床和储罐等。其中离子交换和膜分离单元可看作单入口双出口的半连续过程单元,具有间歇用水过程的特征。然而,尚未有关于除盐水系统的间歇水网络综合的研究报告。对除盐水系统中双出口半连续单元和水箱分别建立流量衡算、杂质质量衡算模型和储罐模型。根据不同工况下除盐水的需求量,利用GAMS软件平台对建立的数学模型进行求解,得出除盐水系统中每个储罐的容量和对应的新鲜水用量。进一步根据储罐最大容量需求,设计出满足不同工况条件下储罐容量。简化的工业案例研究验证了所提出模型的有效性。
Industrial fresh water desalination systems normally involve membrane(e. g. ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis etc.), ion exchangers and storage tanks. Note that ion exchange and membrane separation processes can beoperated semi-continuously and they can be considered as batch partitioning regeneration units with a single inletand two outlet streams. However, there is limited research on the synthesis of batch water networks involvingfreshwater desalination. This work established flow rate balance and contaminant mass balance model for batchpartitioning regeneration units and tanks in the desalinated water system. According to the different demand fordesalinated water under different condition, the GAMS software platform is used to solve the mathematical model.The needed capacity of each storage tank and the fresh water usage in each condition are determined via solving themodel. The capacity of the storage tank can be designed according to the maximum capacity requirement of each storage tank. Simplified industrial case studies validate the validity of the proposed model.
Industrial fresh water desalination systems normally involve membrane(e. g. ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis etc.), ion exchangers and storage tanks. Note that ion exchange and membrane separation processes can beoperated semi-continuously and they can be considered as batch partitioning regeneration units with a single inletand two outlet streams. However, there is limited research on the synthesis of batch water networks involvingfreshwater desalination. This work established flow rate balance and contaminant mass balance model for batchpartitioning regeneration units and tanks in the desalinated water system. According to the different demand fordesalinated water under different condition, the GAMS software platform is used to solve the mathematical model.The needed capacity of each storage tank and the fresh water usage in each condition are determined via solving themodel. The capacity of the storage tank can be designed according to the maximum capacity requirement of each storage tank. Simplified industrial case studies validate the validity of the proposed model.
引文
[1] National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China.China Statistical Yearbook-2017[EB/OL]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2017/indexch.htm
[2]冯霄,刘永忠,沈人杰,等.水系统集成优化:节水减排的系统综合方法[M]. 2版.北京:化学工业出版社, 2012.Feng X, Liu Y Z, Shen R J, et al. Integration and Optimization of Water System:Synthetic Approach of Water Saving and Emissions Reduction[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2012.
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[4] Wang Y P, Smith R. Design of distributed effluent treatment systems[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1995, 49(18):3127-3127.
[5] Majozi T. Brouckaert C J. A graphical technique for wastewater minimisation in batch processes[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2006, 78(4):317-329.
[6] Foo D C Y, Manan Z A, Tan Y L. Synthesis of maximum water recovery network for batch process systems[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2005, 13(15):1381-1394.
[7] Lee K H, Park H I, Lee I B. A novel nonuniform discrete time formulation for short-term scheduling of batch and continuous process[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2001,40(22):4902-4911.
[8]杨霞,岳金彩,毕荣山,等.间歇过程单杂质用水网络设计[J].化工学报, 2007, 58(1):161-167.Yang X, Yue J C, Bi R S, et al. Single impurity water network design of batch process[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China), 2007, 58(1):161-167.
[9] Chen C L, Lee J Y. A graphical technique for the design of waterusing networks in batch process[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2008, 63:3740-3754.
[10] Kim J K. Design of discontinuous water-using systems with a graphical method[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 172:799-810.
[11] Li B H, Liang Y K, Chang C T. Manual design strategies for multicontaminant water-using networks in batch process[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013, 52(5):1970-1981.
[12] Nun S, Foo D C Y, Tan R R, et al. Fuzzy automated targeting for trade-off analysis in batch water networks[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011, 6(3):537-551.
[13] Almato M, Espuna A, Puigjaner L. Optimization of water use in batch process industries[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering,1999, 23(10):1427-1437.
[14] Kim J K, Smith R. Automated design of discontinuous water system[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2004, 82(3):238-248.
[15] Majozi T. Wastewater minimisation using central reusable water storage in batch plants[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering,2005, 29(7):1631-1646.
[16]李冠华,王乐,刘永忠.间歇用水系统中废水回用与集中再生处理的调度优化设计方法[J].化工学报, 2010, 62(2):378-383.Li G H, Wang L, Liu Y Z. Scheduling optimization design method for wastewater reuse and centralized regeneration treatment in bacth water system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2010, 62(2):378-383.
[17]都健,洪水红,陈理.多杂质体系间歇过程用水网络优化[J].化工进展, 2012, 31(1):25-29.Du J, Hong S H, Chen L. Single impurity water network design of batch process[J]. Chemical Industry&Engineering Progress,2012, 31(1):25-29.
[18] Shoaib A M, Aly S M, Awad M E, et al. A hierarchical approach for the synthesis of batch water network[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering, 2008, 32(3):530-539.
[19] Li Z W, Majozi T. Dynamic programming for optimal synthesis of water networks in batch processes[J]. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2017, 40:919-924.
[20] Majozi T. Storage design for maximum wastewater reuse in multipurpose batch plants[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2006, 45(17):5936-5943.
[21] Zhu X X, Majozi T. A novel continuous time MILP formulation for multipurpose batch plants-integrated planning, design and scheduling[J]. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2001, 9:937-942.
[22] Majozi T, Zhu X X. A combined fuzzy set theory and MILP approach in integration of planning and scheduling of batch plants-Personnel evaluation and allocation[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering, 2005, 29(9):2029-2047.
[23] Adekola O, Majozi T. Wastewater minimization in batch plants with sequence dependent changeover[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering, 2017, 97(2):85-103.
[24] Chen C L, Chang C Y, Lee J Y. Continuous-time formulation for the synthesis of water-using networks in batch plants[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2008, 47(20):7818-7832.
[25] Chen C L, Lee J Y, Tang J W, et al. Synthesis of water-using network with central reusable storage in batch processes[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering, 2009, 33(1):267-276.
[26] Gouws J F, Majozi T, Foo D C Y, et al. Water minimization techniques for batch processes[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010, 49(19):8877-8893.
[27]毛文锋.单杂质间歇过程用水网络优化[D].青岛:青岛科技大学, 2006.Mao W F. Single impurity water network optimization of batch process[D]. Qingdao:Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 2006.
[28]程华农,毛文锋,郑世清.基于线性规划的单杂质间歇过程用水最小化[J].化工学报, 2007, 58(2):417-424.Cheng H N, Mao W F, Zheng S Q. Water minimization of single impurity batch process water based on linear programming[J].Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China), 2007, 58(2):417-424.
[29]程华农,孙杰,毛文锋,等.单杂质间歇过程用水网络优化[J].化工进展, 2007, 26(2):267-270.Cheng H N, Sun J, Mao W F, et al. Single impurity water network optimization of batch process[J]. Chemical Industry&Engineering Progress, 2007, 26(2):267-270.
[30] Cheng K F, Chang C T. Integrated water network designs for batch process[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007,46(4):1241-1253.
[2]冯霄,刘永忠,沈人杰,等.水系统集成优化:节水减排的系统综合方法[M]. 2版.北京:化学工业出版社, 2012.Feng X, Liu Y Z, Shen R J, et al. Integration and Optimization of Water System:Synthetic Approach of Water Saving and Emissions Reduction[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2012.
[3] Wang Y P, Smith R. Time pinch analysis[J]. Chemical Engineering Research&Design, 1995, 73(A8):905-914.
[4] Wang Y P, Smith R. Design of distributed effluent treatment systems[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1995, 49(18):3127-3127.
[5] Majozi T. Brouckaert C J. A graphical technique for wastewater minimisation in batch processes[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2006, 78(4):317-329.
[6] Foo D C Y, Manan Z A, Tan Y L. Synthesis of maximum water recovery network for batch process systems[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2005, 13(15):1381-1394.
[7] Lee K H, Park H I, Lee I B. A novel nonuniform discrete time formulation for short-term scheduling of batch and continuous process[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2001,40(22):4902-4911.
[8]杨霞,岳金彩,毕荣山,等.间歇过程单杂质用水网络设计[J].化工学报, 2007, 58(1):161-167.Yang X, Yue J C, Bi R S, et al. Single impurity water network design of batch process[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China), 2007, 58(1):161-167.
[9] Chen C L, Lee J Y. A graphical technique for the design of waterusing networks in batch process[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2008, 63:3740-3754.
[10] Kim J K. Design of discontinuous water-using systems with a graphical method[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 172:799-810.
[11] Li B H, Liang Y K, Chang C T. Manual design strategies for multicontaminant water-using networks in batch process[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013, 52(5):1970-1981.
[12] Nun S, Foo D C Y, Tan R R, et al. Fuzzy automated targeting for trade-off analysis in batch water networks[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011, 6(3):537-551.
[13] Almato M, Espuna A, Puigjaner L. Optimization of water use in batch process industries[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering,1999, 23(10):1427-1437.
[14] Kim J K, Smith R. Automated design of discontinuous water system[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2004, 82(3):238-248.
[15] Majozi T. Wastewater minimisation using central reusable water storage in batch plants[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering,2005, 29(7):1631-1646.
[16]李冠华,王乐,刘永忠.间歇用水系统中废水回用与集中再生处理的调度优化设计方法[J].化工学报, 2010, 62(2):378-383.Li G H, Wang L, Liu Y Z. Scheduling optimization design method for wastewater reuse and centralized regeneration treatment in bacth water system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2010, 62(2):378-383.
[17]都健,洪水红,陈理.多杂质体系间歇过程用水网络优化[J].化工进展, 2012, 31(1):25-29.Du J, Hong S H, Chen L. Single impurity water network design of batch process[J]. Chemical Industry&Engineering Progress,2012, 31(1):25-29.
[18] Shoaib A M, Aly S M, Awad M E, et al. A hierarchical approach for the synthesis of batch water network[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering, 2008, 32(3):530-539.
[19] Li Z W, Majozi T. Dynamic programming for optimal synthesis of water networks in batch processes[J]. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2017, 40:919-924.
[20] Majozi T. Storage design for maximum wastewater reuse in multipurpose batch plants[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2006, 45(17):5936-5943.
[21] Zhu X X, Majozi T. A novel continuous time MILP formulation for multipurpose batch plants-integrated planning, design and scheduling[J]. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2001, 9:937-942.
[22] Majozi T, Zhu X X. A combined fuzzy set theory and MILP approach in integration of planning and scheduling of batch plants-Personnel evaluation and allocation[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering, 2005, 29(9):2029-2047.
[23] Adekola O, Majozi T. Wastewater minimization in batch plants with sequence dependent changeover[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering, 2017, 97(2):85-103.
[24] Chen C L, Chang C Y, Lee J Y. Continuous-time formulation for the synthesis of water-using networks in batch plants[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2008, 47(20):7818-7832.
[25] Chen C L, Lee J Y, Tang J W, et al. Synthesis of water-using network with central reusable storage in batch processes[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering, 2009, 33(1):267-276.
[26] Gouws J F, Majozi T, Foo D C Y, et al. Water minimization techniques for batch processes[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010, 49(19):8877-8893.
[27]毛文锋.单杂质间歇过程用水网络优化[D].青岛:青岛科技大学, 2006.Mao W F. Single impurity water network optimization of batch process[D]. Qingdao:Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 2006.
[28]程华农,毛文锋,郑世清.基于线性规划的单杂质间歇过程用水最小化[J].化工学报, 2007, 58(2):417-424.Cheng H N, Mao W F, Zheng S Q. Water minimization of single impurity batch process water based on linear programming[J].Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China), 2007, 58(2):417-424.
[29]程华农,孙杰,毛文锋,等.单杂质间歇过程用水网络优化[J].化工进展, 2007, 26(2):267-270.Cheng H N, Sun J, Mao W F, et al. Single impurity water network optimization of batch process[J]. Chemical Industry&Engineering Progress, 2007, 26(2):267-270.
[30] Cheng K F, Chang C T. Integrated water network designs for batch process[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007,46(4):1241-1253.