观赏植物对沼液的净化效果
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摘要
为研究观赏植物对沼液的净化能力,以滴水观音、水仙、红掌、白掌、万年青、绿萝、风信子为研究对象,通过沼液水培实验,对比分析了不同植物的生长特性及其对污染物的去除效果。结果表明,万年青、白掌、红掌和滴水观音的相对生长量和适应能力明显优于其他植物;随着处理时间的延长,大部分植物对COD的去除率呈增加趋势,最终达80%左右;在处理时间为7 d时,红掌、白掌和万年青对TN的去除率均达到80%以上;7种植物对沼液中TP的去除率在整个水培期间均未超过60%。各植物对污染物的去除效果均显著优于空白组(p<0.05),且不同种类的植物之间差异明显(p<0.05)。实验表明,万年青、红掌、白掌可作为处理沼液的备选观赏植物。
To investigate the purification capacities of ornamental plants to biogas slurry,seven plants were selected to study the growth characteristics and the purification efficiencies to pollutants with the hydroponics experiments. Results showed that the relative growth and the adaptability of Rohdea japonica,Spathiphyllum kochii,Anthurium andraeanum and Alocasia macrorrhiza were significantly higher than others. The COD removal rates for most plants increasd with the hydraulic retention time increasing,and were almost 80%,finally. When the hydraulic retention time was 7 d,the TN removal rates of Anthurium andraeanum,Spathiphyllum kochii and Rohdea japonica reached to almost 80%. The TP removal rates of all plants during the experiments were below60%. The removal efficiencies of seven plants to different pollutants were significantly higher than that of control(p < 0. 05),while significant differences were exsisted among these plants(p < 0. 05). The results indicated that Rohdea japonica,Anthurium andraeanum and Spathiphyllum kochii could be selected for purifying the biogas slurry.
To investigate the purification capacities of ornamental plants to biogas slurry,seven plants were selected to study the growth characteristics and the purification efficiencies to pollutants with the hydroponics experiments. Results showed that the relative growth and the adaptability of Rohdea japonica,Spathiphyllum kochii,Anthurium andraeanum and Alocasia macrorrhiza were significantly higher than others. The COD removal rates for most plants increasd with the hydraulic retention time increasing,and were almost 80%,finally. When the hydraulic retention time was 7 d,the TN removal rates of Anthurium andraeanum,Spathiphyllum kochii and Rohdea japonica reached to almost 80%. The TP removal rates of all plants during the experiments were below60%. The removal efficiencies of seven plants to different pollutants were significantly higher than that of control(p < 0. 05),while significant differences were exsisted among these plants(p < 0. 05). The results indicated that Rohdea japonica,Anthurium andraeanum and Spathiphyllum kochii could be selected for purifying the biogas slurry.
引文
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[14]张彩莹,王妍艳,王岩.湿地植物齿果酸模对猪场废水净化作用研究.环境工程学报,2011,5(11):2405-2410Zhang Caiying,Wang Yanyan,Wang Yan.Study on purification of swine wastewater by wetland plants Rumex dentatus.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2011,5(11):2405-2410(in Chinese)
[15]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第4版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
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[19]陈明利,吴晓芙,陈永华,等.景观型人工湿地污水处理系统构建及植物脱氮效应研究.环境科学,2010,31(3):660-666Chen Mingli,Wu Xiaofu,Chen Yonghua,et al.Construction of a landscaping-type wetland system for wastewater treatment and analysis of plant denitrifying effect.Environmental Science,2010,31(3):660-666(in Chinese)
[20]孙瑞莲,张建,王文兴.8种挺水植物对污染水体的净化效果比较.山东大学学报(自然科学版),2009,44(1):12-16,32Sun Ruilian,Zhang Jian,Wang Wenxing.Effect on polluted water purification by eight emergent plants.Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science),2009,44(1):12-16,32(in Chinese)
[21]赵丰,张勇,黄民生,等.水生植物浮床对城市污染水体的净化效果研究.华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,(6):57-64Zhao Feng,Zhang Yong,Huang minsheng,et al.Study on the purification effects of aquatic plant floating-beds for urban polluted water.Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science),2011,(6):57-64(in Chinese)
[22]刘霄,唐婷芳子,黄岁樑,等.4种湿地植物的生长特性和污水净化效果研究.云南农业大学学报,2013,28(3):392-399Liu Xiao,Tang Tingfangzi,Huang Suiliang,et al.Growth characteristics and purification efficiency of four wetland plants.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2013,28(3):392-399(in Chinese)
[23]Gersberg R.M.,Elkins B.V.,Lyon S.R.,et al.Role of aquatic plants in wastewater treatment by artificial wetlands.Water Research,1986,20(3):363-368
[24]祝宇慧,赵国智,李灵香玉,等.湿地植物对模拟污水的净化能力研究.农业环境科学学报,2009,28(1):166-172Zhu Yuhui,Zhao Guozhi,Li Lingxiangyu,et al.Purification ability of wetland plants for simulated wastewater.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(1):166-172(in Chinese)
[2]陈超,阮志勇,吴进,等.规模化沼气工程沼液综合处理与利用的研究进展.中国沼气,2013,31(1):25-28,43Chen Chao,Ruan Zhiyong,Wu Jin,et al.Research progress on the comprehensive disposal and utilization of biogas slurry from large scale biogas engineering.China Biogas,2013,31(1):25-28,43(in Chinese)
[3]骆林平,张妙仙,单胜道.沼液肥料及其利用研究现状.浙江农业科学,2009,(5):977-978,983Luo Linping,Zhang Miaoxian,Shan Shengdao.Progress in research on biogas slurry fertilizer.Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2009,(5):977-978,983(in Chinese)
[4]万金保,何华燕,吴永明,等.序批式生物膜反应器对猪场沼液脱氮的中试研究.中国给水排水,2010,26(21):127-129Wan Jinbao,He Huayan,Wu Yongming,et al.Study on nitrogen removal from pig farm biogas slurry in pilot-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactor.China Water&Wastewater,2010,26(21):127-129(in Chinese)
[5]王亮.规模化猪场养殖废水高效脱氮除磷技术探究.杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2013Wang Liang.Study on potential technology for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from large scale swine wastewater.Hangzhou:Master Dissertation of Zhejiang University,2013(in Chinese)
[6]李治阳.畜禽废水生物除碳脱氮耦合新工艺及机理研究.重庆:重庆大学博士学位论文,2012Li Zhiyang.Study on new coupling technology in biological removal of nitrogen and carbon from livestock wastewater and its mechanism.Chongqing:Doctor Dissertation of Chongqing University,2012(in Chinese)
[7]吴建强,阮晓红,王雪.人工湿地中水生植物的作用和选择.水资源保护,2005,21(1):1-6Wu Jianqiang,Ruan Xiaohong,Wang Xue.Selection and function of aquatic plants in constructed wetlands.Water Resources Protection,2005,21(1):1-6(in Chinese)
[8]杨林,伍斌,赖发英,等.7种典型挺水植物净化生活污水中氮磷的研究.江西农业大学学报,2011,33(3):616-621Yang Lin,Wu Bin,Lai Faying,et al.Studies on seven typical emerging plants absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus in constructed wetlands.Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2011,33(3):616-621(in Chinese)
[9]廖新俤,骆世明.香根草和风车草人工湿地对猪场废水氮磷处理效果的研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(6):719-722Liao Xindi,Luo Shiming.Effects of constructed wetlands on treating with nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater from hoggery.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(6):719-722(in Chinese)
[10]盛辛辛,曹谨玲,赵凤岐,等.芦苇和美人蕉及薄荷用作人工湿地植物对中水的净化效果.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,39(4):423-428Sheng Xinxin,Cao Jinling,Zhao Fengqi,et al.Purification effects of reeds,canna and coleus in constructed wetland on reclaimed water.Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2013,39(4):423-428(in Chinese)
[11]岳胜.沼液作为水培生菜营养液的研究.武汉:华中农业大学硕士论文,2008Yue Sheng.Study on hydroponics with biogas slurry as nutrient solution.Wuhan:Master Dissertation of Huazhong Agricultural University,2008(in Chinese)
[12]姜丽娜,王强,陈丁江,等.沼液稻田消解对水稻生产、土壤与环境安全影响研究.农业环境科学学报,2011,30(7):1328-1336Jiang Lina,Wang Qiang,Chen Dingjiang,et al.Effects of paddy field disposal of biogas slurry on the rice production,soil quality and environmental safety.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(7):1328-1336(in Chinese)
[13]张玲玲,李兆华,刘化吉,等.水培芹菜净化不同浓度沼液的试验研究.长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(Z1):154-158Zhang Lingling,Li Zhaohua,Liu Huaji,et al.Water purification of aquatic cultivated celery in the diluted slurry with different concentrations.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(Z1):154-158(in Chinese)
[14]张彩莹,王妍艳,王岩.湿地植物齿果酸模对猪场废水净化作用研究.环境工程学报,2011,5(11):2405-2410Zhang Caiying,Wang Yanyan,Wang Yan.Study on purification of swine wastewater by wetland plants Rumex dentatus.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2011,5(11):2405-2410(in Chinese)
[15]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第4版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
[16]Bergmann B.A.,Cheng J.,Classen J.,et al.Nutrient removal from swine lagoon effluent by duckweed.Transactions of the ASABE,2000,43(2):263-269
[17]邱念伟,马宗琪,王凤德,等.一种测定植物相对生长量的方法.山东科学,2007,20(2):24-28Qiu Nianwei,Ma Zongqi,Wang Fengde,et al.A method for mensurating plant relative growth yield.Shandong Science,2007,20(2):24-28(in Chinese)
[18]马安娜.北京地区人工湿地优势植物筛选及净化效果研究.北京:首都师范大学硕士学位论文,2007Ma Anna.Study on screening of dominant wetland plant species and purification by constructed wetland in Beijing.Beijing:Master Dissertation of Capital Normal University,2007(in Chinese)
[19]陈明利,吴晓芙,陈永华,等.景观型人工湿地污水处理系统构建及植物脱氮效应研究.环境科学,2010,31(3):660-666Chen Mingli,Wu Xiaofu,Chen Yonghua,et al.Construction of a landscaping-type wetland system for wastewater treatment and analysis of plant denitrifying effect.Environmental Science,2010,31(3):660-666(in Chinese)
[20]孙瑞莲,张建,王文兴.8种挺水植物对污染水体的净化效果比较.山东大学学报(自然科学版),2009,44(1):12-16,32Sun Ruilian,Zhang Jian,Wang Wenxing.Effect on polluted water purification by eight emergent plants.Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science),2009,44(1):12-16,32(in Chinese)
[21]赵丰,张勇,黄民生,等.水生植物浮床对城市污染水体的净化效果研究.华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,(6):57-64Zhao Feng,Zhang Yong,Huang minsheng,et al.Study on the purification effects of aquatic plant floating-beds for urban polluted water.Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science),2011,(6):57-64(in Chinese)
[22]刘霄,唐婷芳子,黄岁樑,等.4种湿地植物的生长特性和污水净化效果研究.云南农业大学学报,2013,28(3):392-399Liu Xiao,Tang Tingfangzi,Huang Suiliang,et al.Growth characteristics and purification efficiency of four wetland plants.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2013,28(3):392-399(in Chinese)
[23]Gersberg R.M.,Elkins B.V.,Lyon S.R.,et al.Role of aquatic plants in wastewater treatment by artificial wetlands.Water Research,1986,20(3):363-368
[24]祝宇慧,赵国智,李灵香玉,等.湿地植物对模拟污水的净化能力研究.农业环境科学学报,2009,28(1):166-172Zhu Yuhui,Zhao Guozhi,Li Lingxiangyu,et al.Purification ability of wetland plants for simulated wastewater.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(1):166-172(in Chinese)