绿色参与式社区:加强城市景观的社会行动
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摘要
介绍了位于洛哈市西南的提阿拉斯·科罗拉达斯(Tierras Coloradas)街区绿地和城市形象提升项目。以风景园林参与式设计方法为基础,该方法分5个阶段开展,从民众的主观批判精神开始,构成了参与行动的原动力。整个过程是在社区普及教学的进程中制定的,妇女是必须的参与者,共同找出邻里的问题和可能的解决办法。为此,普及教学是很有必要的,有助于未来社区项目的执行。重要的成果是,我们对部分城市街区进行了重新造林,改变了城市景观的形象,强化了社区体系,促使社区在改善公共人行步道绿地方面开展合作。从专业的角度认为其主要效果是引导民众打破主观社区的非个人主观限制,为项目开展和参与打下基础。项目的整个社区干预过程是在高校、社区警察局、市政府等公共机构的支持下进行的,发挥着真正的协同作用,并齐心协力致力于该区块邻里间的自我发展,为未来与自然环境的友好关系奠定基础,这些都将影响社区的生活质量。
The current work presents the project for the improvement of green areas and urban image of the neighborhood Tierras Coloradas located to the southwest of the city of Loja. This work is based on the methodology of participative design of landscape architecture, which encompasses five stages, which begin with subjective processes in the critical conscience of the population that form the basis for the impulse towards participative action. These processes were developed in workshops with the community, in which women especially took part in defining the problems and possible solutions for their neighborhood. To this end it was necessary to provide them with information and education to execute their community project.As important results, we obtained sections of reforested city blocks that changed the image of the urban landscape, that strengthened the community and motivated it to work collaboratively in the improvement of existing green spaces next to public sidewalks. However, it is considered that the main result was to break the subjective impersonal boundary which then opened up to the subjective community, as a basis of action and participation. This whole process of social and technical intervention is done with the support of the academia and public institutions such as the community police and the Municipality of the city, working in true synergy and with a commitment to the self-development of neighbors of the sector and for laying the foundations of a future that is friendly with the natural environment, which will affect the quality of life of the community.
The current work presents the project for the improvement of green areas and urban image of the neighborhood Tierras Coloradas located to the southwest of the city of Loja. This work is based on the methodology of participative design of landscape architecture, which encompasses five stages, which begin with subjective processes in the critical conscience of the population that form the basis for the impulse towards participative action. These processes were developed in workshops with the community, in which women especially took part in defining the problems and possible solutions for their neighborhood. To this end it was necessary to provide them with information and education to execute their community project.As important results, we obtained sections of reforested city blocks that changed the image of the urban landscape, that strengthened the community and motivated it to work collaboratively in the improvement of existing green spaces next to public sidewalks. However, it is considered that the main result was to break the subjective impersonal boundary which then opened up to the subjective community, as a basis of action and participation. This whole process of social and technical intervention is done with the support of the academia and public institutions such as the community police and the Municipality of the city, working in true synergy and with a commitment to the self-development of neighbors of the sector and for laying the foundations of a future that is friendly with the natural environment, which will affect the quality of life of the community.
引文
[1]AUGE M.los no lugares:espacios del anonimato:antropologia sobre modern idad[M].Barcelona:GEDISA,1995.
[2]LEFEBVRE H.Le droitàla ville[M].Paris:Economica,1968.
[3]BORJA J.La ciudad conquistada[M].Barcelona:Alianza Edition,2003.
[4]GEHL J.La humanización del espacio público[M].Barcelona:Editorial Reverté,2006.
[5]LóPEZ R.Taludes:aspectos formales y técnicos[M].México:Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Facultad de Arquitectura,2005:1-233.
[6]ALBERTI M,SETO K C,SATTERTHWAITE D.Maintaining ecological integrity and sustaining ecosystem function in urban areas this review comes from a themed issue on human settlements and industrial systems edited[J].Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2010:2(3):178-184.
[7]MARCOS M H.Espacios abiertos en la ciudad de méxico[M].México:ComitéEditorial del Gobierno del Distrito Federal de México,1999.
[8]ALONSO J.La comunidad y el vínculo comunitario[M].Cuba:Universidad central“Martha Abreu”de las Villas,2010:1-124.
[9]GEO L.Perspectivas del medio ambiente urbano[M].Loja:United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP),Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean,2007.
[10]INEC I.Resultados del censo 2010 de población y vivienda en el ecuador[M].Quito:Fascículo nacional,2010.
[11]IGLESIA R.Habitar,dise?ar[M].Buenos Aires:Nobuko S.A.,2011:1-234.
[12]SANOFF H.Programación y participación en el dise?o arquitectónico[M].Barcelona:Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya,2006.
[13]MACíAS R.Metodología para el desarrollo comunitario[J/OL].Centro Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin de Las Tunas.(2014-04-13).www.cooperahabana.org/cdl/images/4/4c/METODOLOGIA_PARA_EL_DESARROLLO_COMUNITARIO.pdf.
[14]ROMERO G,MESíAS R,ENET M,et al.La participación en el dise?o urbano y arquitectónico en la producción social del hábitat[M].México:D F.,2004.
[15]PéREZ F,ARAVENA A,QUINTANILLA J.Los hechos de la arquitectura[M].Chile:Universidad Católica de Chile,2002:1-297.
(1)Oblitopia,来源于拉丁词汇Oblitus,意思是忘却,遗忘的场所,就如同所有人类的活动在某处逐渐退化后所形成的被“遗忘”的地方。
(2)《城市规划的本质是服务公共健康》
(3)“1976年,厄瓜多尔政府环境保护部建立国家保护区体系(SNAP)。目前共有33个保护区约占全国领土的18.55%”。在罗哈省,有两处保护区,分别是波多卡普斯国家公园和普杨沟石林公园。
(4)2002年,世界卫生组织和泛美卫生组织授予奖项给洛哈城市,表彰它在“健康与生命空间适应性”的成就,2001年国际级竞赛中在中国获得“生态城市与公众参与”铜奖,以及2004年获得“旅游和休闲城市”大奖。
(5)图1、6来自玛丽亚·伊莎贝·布内欧;图2来源Google地球,来自玛丽亚·伊莎贝·布内欧;图3~5,7由作者自摄。
(1)“Oblitopia:concept that stems from the Latin“oblitus”,which means oblitare,forget and“topos”which means place and refers to forgotten places,as we understand it,all those places that human activity has degraded and then forgotten.
(2)WHO Urban Planning is Essential for Public Health.
(3)“In 1976 the National Government of Ecuador,through its Ministry of the Environment,created the National System of Protected Areas(SNAP).Today,the System has 33 protected areas,which cover 18.55%of the national territory.”In the province of Loja,we have two reserves:Podocarpus National Park and the Petrified wood Puyango.
(4)The World Health Organization(WHO)and the Pan American Health Organization(PAHO)in 2002 awarded Loja the first prize as"a favorable space for health and life",to this distinction is added the BRONZE AWARD,as"Ecological City and the Unique Prize for Citizen Participation"in the global competition promoted by Nations in Bloom in 2001 in China and in 2004,obtainedthe appointment as“Tourist and Vacation City”granted by the Ecuadorian Affiliate of the Luso-American Hispanic Assembly-Philippine Tourism.
(5)Fig.1,6?TFT of María Isabel Burneo;Fig.2?Google Earth,taken from TFT of Marie Isabel Burneo;Fig.3~5,7?the author
[2]LEFEBVRE H.Le droitàla ville[M].Paris:Economica,1968.
[3]BORJA J.La ciudad conquistada[M].Barcelona:Alianza Edition,2003.
[4]GEHL J.La humanización del espacio público[M].Barcelona:Editorial Reverté,2006.
[5]LóPEZ R.Taludes:aspectos formales y técnicos[M].México:Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Facultad de Arquitectura,2005:1-233.
[6]ALBERTI M,SETO K C,SATTERTHWAITE D.Maintaining ecological integrity and sustaining ecosystem function in urban areas this review comes from a themed issue on human settlements and industrial systems edited[J].Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2010:2(3):178-184.
[7]MARCOS M H.Espacios abiertos en la ciudad de méxico[M].México:ComitéEditorial del Gobierno del Distrito Federal de México,1999.
[8]ALONSO J.La comunidad y el vínculo comunitario[M].Cuba:Universidad central“Martha Abreu”de las Villas,2010:1-124.
[9]GEO L.Perspectivas del medio ambiente urbano[M].Loja:United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP),Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean,2007.
[10]INEC I.Resultados del censo 2010 de población y vivienda en el ecuador[M].Quito:Fascículo nacional,2010.
[11]IGLESIA R.Habitar,dise?ar[M].Buenos Aires:Nobuko S.A.,2011:1-234.
[12]SANOFF H.Programación y participación en el dise?o arquitectónico[M].Barcelona:Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya,2006.
[13]MACíAS R.Metodología para el desarrollo comunitario[J/OL].Centro Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin de Las Tunas.(2014-04-13).www.cooperahabana.org/cdl/images/4/4c/METODOLOGIA_PARA_EL_DESARROLLO_COMUNITARIO.pdf.
[14]ROMERO G,MESíAS R,ENET M,et al.La participación en el dise?o urbano y arquitectónico en la producción social del hábitat[M].México:D F.,2004.
[15]PéREZ F,ARAVENA A,QUINTANILLA J.Los hechos de la arquitectura[M].Chile:Universidad Católica de Chile,2002:1-297.
(1)Oblitopia,来源于拉丁词汇Oblitus,意思是忘却,遗忘的场所,就如同所有人类的活动在某处逐渐退化后所形成的被“遗忘”的地方。
(2)《城市规划的本质是服务公共健康》
(3)“1976年,厄瓜多尔政府环境保护部建立国家保护区体系(SNAP)。目前共有33个保护区约占全国领土的18.55%”。在罗哈省,有两处保护区,分别是波多卡普斯国家公园和普杨沟石林公园。
(4)2002年,世界卫生组织和泛美卫生组织授予奖项给洛哈城市,表彰它在“健康与生命空间适应性”的成就,2001年国际级竞赛中在中国获得“生态城市与公众参与”铜奖,以及2004年获得“旅游和休闲城市”大奖。
(5)图1、6来自玛丽亚·伊莎贝·布内欧;图2来源Google地球,来自玛丽亚·伊莎贝·布内欧;图3~5,7由作者自摄。
(1)“Oblitopia:concept that stems from the Latin“oblitus”,which means oblitare,forget and“topos”which means place and refers to forgotten places,as we understand it,all those places that human activity has degraded and then forgotten.
(2)WHO Urban Planning is Essential for Public Health.
(3)“In 1976 the National Government of Ecuador,through its Ministry of the Environment,created the National System of Protected Areas(SNAP).Today,the System has 33 protected areas,which cover 18.55%of the national territory.”In the province of Loja,we have two reserves:Podocarpus National Park and the Petrified wood Puyango.
(4)The World Health Organization(WHO)and the Pan American Health Organization(PAHO)in 2002 awarded Loja the first prize as"a favorable space for health and life",to this distinction is added the BRONZE AWARD,as"Ecological City and the Unique Prize for Citizen Participation"in the global competition promoted by Nations in Bloom in 2001 in China and in 2004,obtainedthe appointment as“Tourist and Vacation City”granted by the Ecuadorian Affiliate of the Luso-American Hispanic Assembly-Philippine Tourism.
(5)Fig.1,6?TFT of María Isabel Burneo;Fig.2?Google Earth,taken from TFT of Marie Isabel Burneo;Fig.3~5,7?the author