简析电离辐射对人体健康的影响
|
摘要
核科学与技术是二十世纪发展起来的新型高端技术,短短一百多年就已经发展成为在国防、能源、科教、医学和工业等关系国家命脉的重要领域起关键作用的科学技术。可将这一百多年历史大致分为三个阶段:1896年到1931年为发展的初级阶段, 1932年到1942年为蓬勃发展时期, 1943年到现在为现代核技术发展阶段,其典型特征是起步晚,发展快。如今,核技术早已渗透到我们生活的方方面面,其研究内容也在不断丰富和拓展,给人类社会带来了巨大的利益。但高精尖的核技术并不是百利而无一害,在造福社会的同时,其应用也会给社会、环境,甚至我们自身的健康带来危害。尤其是2011年的日本福岛核事故再次将核辐射推向高潮,引发世界关注。时代要求我们在接受核技术的同时,也应该全面正确地认识和对待核辐射。文章主要介绍了一些电离辐射相关知识,包括辐射剂量、辐射生物效应及辐射防护措施,旨在告诫人们要了解电离辐射相关知识,强化自我防护意识,做到不谈核色变,有效保护身体免受照射,预防疾病的发生。
Nuclear science and technology is a new type of advanced technology developed in the 20 th century.It has developed into a technology that has played a key role in some vital fields in 100 years,such as national defense,energy,science,education,medicine,and industry.This hundred-year history can be roughly divided into three stages :The period from 1896 to 1931 was the primary stage of development,the period from 1932 to 1942 was a period of vigorous development,and from 1943 to the present,it was the stage of modern nuclear technology development.It started late but developed rapidly.Nowadays,nuclear technology has penetrated into all aspects of our lives.The research content is also constantly enriching and expanding,bringing huge benefits to human society.However,advanced nuclear technology is not harmless.While benefiting society,its application will also bring harm to society,the environment and even our own health.In particular,the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan once again pushed nuclear radiation to a climax,causing world attention.The times demand we should also fully and correctly understand and treat nuclear radiation while accepting nuclear technology.The article mainly introduced some knowledge of ionizing radiation,including radiation doses,radiation biological effects and radiation protection measures.It aims to warn people to learn some ionizing radiation-related knowledge and strengthen self-protection awareness so that nuclear fear can be avoided and the body can be effectively protected from radiation and prevent the occurrence of diseases.
Nuclear science and technology is a new type of advanced technology developed in the 20 th century.It has developed into a technology that has played a key role in some vital fields in 100 years,such as national defense,energy,science,education,medicine,and industry.This hundred-year history can be roughly divided into three stages :The period from 1896 to 1931 was the primary stage of development,the period from 1932 to 1942 was a period of vigorous development,and from 1943 to the present,it was the stage of modern nuclear technology development.It started late but developed rapidly.Nowadays,nuclear technology has penetrated into all aspects of our lives.The research content is also constantly enriching and expanding,bringing huge benefits to human society.However,advanced nuclear technology is not harmless.While benefiting society,its application will also bring harm to society,the environment and even our own health.In particular,the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan once again pushed nuclear radiation to a climax,causing world attention.The times demand we should also fully and correctly understand and treat nuclear radiation while accepting nuclear technology.The article mainly introduced some knowledge of ionizing radiation,including radiation doses,radiation biological effects and radiation protection measures.It aims to warn people to learn some ionizing radiation-related knowledge and strengthen self-protection awareness so that nuclear fear can be avoided and the body can be effectively protected from radiation and prevent the occurrence of diseases.
引文
[1]注册核安全工程师岗位培训丛书编委会.核安全综合知识[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2013.
[2]International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP).ICRP Publication 60.The 1990 Recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1991.
[3]刘河.低剂量电离辐射对人体的影响研究现状(综述)[J]中国城乡企业卫生,2012(2).
[4]韩方岸,胡云,朱庆安,等.职业暴露低剂量电离辐射人群细胞遗传学损伤及受照剂量的研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2006,10(6):580-585.
[5]苏燎原.第二届《低和很低剂量电离辐射对人体健康效应》国际学术交流会议简介[J].国际放射医学核医学杂志,2001,25(6):261-271.
[6]吴王锁.放射化学与核化学基础[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2011.
[2]International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP).ICRP Publication 60.The 1990 Recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1991.
[3]刘河.低剂量电离辐射对人体的影响研究现状(综述)[J]中国城乡企业卫生,2012(2).
[4]韩方岸,胡云,朱庆安,等.职业暴露低剂量电离辐射人群细胞遗传学损伤及受照剂量的研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2006,10(6):580-585.
[5]苏燎原.第二届《低和很低剂量电离辐射对人体健康效应》国际学术交流会议简介[J].国际放射医学核医学杂志,2001,25(6):261-271.
[6]吴王锁.放射化学与核化学基础[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2011.