慢速烤燃环境下引信热响应特性测试与仿真
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摘要
为揭示不敏感弹药用引信在烤燃试验下的热响应特性,掌握其内部热传递途径及规律,提出烤燃环境下隔爆式引信热响应分析方法。针对引信在受热刺激下的钝感化要求,以典型舰载76 mm口径弹头无线电引信为例进行烤燃试验测试与热有限元仿真,开展升温速率为1. 17℃/min、终极温度为270℃慢速烤燃环境下的引信热响应特性研究。结果表明:基于热阻抗等效原则的"模块替换法",即以具有相近导热系数的热电偶测温系统替代电池组件,实现了增加嵌入式测温系统不会过多影响引信原有的热量传递通道;设计了可嵌入引信内部的慢速烤燃测温微系统及Teflon材质防热保护壳体,通过试验证实了测温微系统在慢速烤燃环境下具有可靠性高、可同步测试等优势;对比引信内部各组件的温度差异证实了烤燃刺激下引信的热传递途径为压螺-安全和解除保险机构-导爆药-传爆药,明确了增加压螺以及安全和解除保险机构的热阻抗可降低导爆药和传爆药的意外发火概率。
A research method for the thermal response of detonating fuze in cook-off environment is proposed to reveal the thermal response characteristics of fuze for insensitive munition,and heat transfer path and law. The cook-off test and thermal finite element simulation are made for a radio fuze of projectile for 76 mm naval gun. In the cook-off test,the heating rate of 1. 17 ℃/min and the ultimate temperature of 270 ℃ are given as thermal stimulus conditions in cook-off test,and a "module replacement" method based on the thermal impedance equivalence principle,i. e.,replacing the "battery component" with "thermocouple measuring system",is used. The original heat transfer path of fuze is not affected by adding an embedded temperature measuring system. Such embedded temperature measuring system with Teflon shell is capable of recording temperature data,and has the advantages of high reliability and multichannel synchronous sensing. In addition,the heat transfer path,i. e.,pressed screw-safe and arming device-lead explosive-booster explosive,of fuze in cook-off is confirmed by comparing the temperature differences among five components in the fuze. The increases in the thermal impedances of the pressed screw and the safe and arming device can greatly reduce the accidental ignition probabilities of lead explosive and booster explosive.
A research method for the thermal response of detonating fuze in cook-off environment is proposed to reveal the thermal response characteristics of fuze for insensitive munition,and heat transfer path and law. The cook-off test and thermal finite element simulation are made for a radio fuze of projectile for 76 mm naval gun. In the cook-off test,the heating rate of 1. 17 ℃/min and the ultimate temperature of 270 ℃ are given as thermal stimulus conditions in cook-off test,and a "module replacement" method based on the thermal impedance equivalence principle,i. e.,replacing the "battery component" with "thermocouple measuring system",is used. The original heat transfer path of fuze is not affected by adding an embedded temperature measuring system. Such embedded temperature measuring system with Teflon shell is capable of recording temperature data,and has the advantages of high reliability and multichannel synchronous sensing. In addition,the heat transfer path,i. e.,pressed screw-safe and arming device-lead explosive-booster explosive,of fuze in cook-off is confirmed by comparing the temperature differences among five components in the fuze. The increases in the thermal impedances of the pressed screw and the safe and arming device can greatly reduce the accidental ignition probabilities of lead explosive and booster explosive.
引文
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[13] Guidance on the assessment and development of insensitive munitions:AOP-39[S]. 3rd ed. CA,US:Allied Ordnance Publication,2010.
[2]殷瑱,闻泉,王雨时,等.北约不敏感弹药标准试验方法[J].兵器装备工程学报,2016,37(10):1-7.YIN Z,WEN Q,WANG Y S,et al. Standard experiment method of insensitive munition in NATO[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering,2016,37(10):1-7.(in Chinese)
[3]殷瑱,王雨时,闻泉,等.不敏感弹药及其引信技术发展综述[J].探测与控制学报,2017,39(3):1-11.YIN Z,WANG Y S,WEN Q,et al. Overview on the development of insensitive munitions and fuze[J]. Journal of Detection&Control,2017,39(3):1-11.(in Chinese)
[4]殷瑱.不敏感引信及其相关技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2017.YIN Z. Research on insensitive fuze and its related technologies[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2017.(in Chinese)
[5]邹金龙,雷雅茹.不敏感弹药对引信技术的要求内涵[J].探测与控制学报,2016,38(1):1-6.ZOU J L,LEI Y R. Insensitive munition requirements for fuze technology[J]. Journal of Detection&Control,2016,38(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
[6]钱立新,梁斌,牛公杰.不敏感弹药安全要求及设计技术[C]∥第九届爆炸与安全技术学术研讨会.成都:中国兵工学会,2014:126-130.QIAN L X,LIANG B,NIU G J. The safety requirements and design techniques of insensitive munitions[C]∥Proceedings of 2014Symposium on Explosion and Safety technology. Chengdu:China Ordnance Society,2014:126-130.(in Chinese)
[7] Hazard assessment tests for non-nuclear munitions:MIL-STD-2105D[S]. College Park,MD,US:US Department of Defense,2011.
[8] PAKULAK J M. USA small-scale cook-off bomb(SCB)test[C]∥Proceedings of the 21th Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board Explosives Safety Seminar. Houston,TX,US:Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board,1984.
[9] JONES D A,PARKER R P. Heat flow calculations for the smallscale cook-off bomb test:MRL-TR-91-12[R]. Victoria,Australia:Materials Research Laboratory,1991.
[10]冯长根,张蕊,陈朗. RDX炸药热烤Cook-off试验及数值模拟[J].含能材料,2004,12(4):193-198.FENG C G,ZHANG R,CHEN L. The Cook-off test and its numerical simulation of RDX[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2004,12(4):193-198.(in Chinese)
[11]张晋元.壳体厚度对传爆药慢速烤燃响应的研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(3):61-64.ZHANG J Y. Study of influence of shell thickness on the response of booster explosive in slow coo-off test[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2011,7(3):61-64.(in Chinese)
[12]曾稼.热刺激强度对DNAN基炸药烤燃响应特性影响的研究[D].太原:中北大学,2018.ZENG J. Research of the effect of thermal stimulation intensity on cook-off characteristics of DNAN-based explosives[D]. Taiyuan:North University of China,2018.
[13] Guidance on the assessment and development of insensitive munitions:AOP-39[S]. 3rd ed. CA,US:Allied Ordnance Publication,2010.