露天矿最终帮坡角及采深协同优化研究
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摘要
最终帮坡角和采深是露天矿境界设计中2个相互影响的关键参数,其取值与露天矿的安全经济性密切相关。为探讨上述2个参数的合理取值,以西藏某露天铜矿12#典型勘探线剖面为研究对象,按经验类比法初步确定该剖面西、东边帮的最终帮坡角取值范围为38°～44°,选取不同的两帮坡角度值组合,根据境界剥采比小于经济合理剥采比的原则,计算得到底部标高取值范围为+4 135～+4 108 m。构建了该剖面的露天境界最终边帮有限元数值模型,采用强度折减法计算得到西、东帮的稳定安全系数,根据实际工程设计需要的边帮安全系数以及开采的经济性,得到该剖面合理的最终帮坡角与采深。研究表明:露天边帮稳定性随着最终帮坡角和采深的增加逐渐降低,且最终帮坡角的变化对本侧边帮稳定性的影响远大于对侧边帮,两参数之间互相影响,共同决定露天矿的安全经济性;计算得到该剖面合理的西、东帮最终帮坡角分别为42°、43°,底部标高为+4 117 m,总采深为920 m。所采用的露天矿最终帮坡角及采深的协同优化思路可为露天矿山科学确定相关参数提供参考。
The final slope angle and mining depth are two key parameters that affect each other in the design of open-pit boundary,and their values are closely related to the safety and economy of open-pit mine.In order to discuss the reasonable values of the above two parameters,taking the 12#typical exploration line section of an open-pit copper mine in Tibet as the study example,based on empirical analogy method,the final slope angles of the western and eastern slopes of the section are preliminarily determined as 38°～44°,and the combination of different slope angles are selected.According to principal of the boundary stripping ratio less than economic stripping ratio,the calculated bottom elevation is from + 4 135 m to + 4 108 m.The finite element numerical model of the final slope of the open-pit boundary of the section is established.The safety factors of the western and eastern slopes are calculated by strength reduction method.According to the safety factors of the slope and the economy of mining,the reasonable final slope angle and mining depth of the section are obtained.The study results show that the stability of open-pit slope decreases gradually with the increase of final slope angle and mining depth,and the influence of final slope angle on the stability of slope is much greater than that of the opposite side slope,the two parameters influence each other and determine the safety and economic effect of open-pit mine together;the calculated reasonable final slope angles of the western and eastern slopes of the section are 42° and 43° respectively,with the bottom elevation is + 4 117 m and the total mining depth is 920 m.The above study ideal of synergistic optimization of final Slope angle and mining depth in open-pit mine can provide some reliable reference for the scientific determination of relevant parameters in open-pit mines.
The final slope angle and mining depth are two key parameters that affect each other in the design of open-pit boundary,and their values are closely related to the safety and economy of open-pit mine.In order to discuss the reasonable values of the above two parameters,taking the 12#typical exploration line section of an open-pit copper mine in Tibet as the study example,based on empirical analogy method,the final slope angles of the western and eastern slopes of the section are preliminarily determined as 38°～44°,and the combination of different slope angles are selected.According to principal of the boundary stripping ratio less than economic stripping ratio,the calculated bottom elevation is from + 4 135 m to + 4 108 m.The finite element numerical model of the final slope of the open-pit boundary of the section is established.The safety factors of the western and eastern slopes are calculated by strength reduction method.According to the safety factors of the slope and the economy of mining,the reasonable final slope angle and mining depth of the section are obtained.The study results show that the stability of open-pit slope decreases gradually with the increase of final slope angle and mining depth,and the influence of final slope angle on the stability of slope is much greater than that of the opposite side slope,the two parameters influence each other and determine the safety and economic effect of open-pit mine together;the calculated reasonable final slope angles of the western and eastern slopes of the section are 42° and 43° respectively,with the bottom elevation is + 4 117 m and the total mining depth is 920 m.The above study ideal of synergistic optimization of final Slope angle and mining depth in open-pit mine can provide some reliable reference for the scientific determination of relevant parameters in open-pit mines.
引文
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[14]刘佶林,冯光华,刘云峰,等.曼家寨采场露天开采境界收益与边坡风险关系研究[J].金属矿山,2018(10):52-56.Liu Jilin,Feng Guanghua,Liu Yunfeng,et al.Research on the relationship between the income of open-pit mining and the risk of slope at Manjiazhai Stope[J].Metal Mine,2018(10):52-56.
[15]Singh V K,Singh J K,Kumar A.Geotechnical study for optimizing the slope design of a deep open-pit mine,India[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2005,64(3):301-306.
[16]李宁,郭双枫,姚显春.再论岩质高边坡稳定性分析方法[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):397-406.Li Ning,Guo Shuangfeng,Yao Xianchun.Further study of stability analysis methods of high rock slopes[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):397-406.
[17]卢应发,黄学斌,刘德富.边坡力的分布特征和稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(7):1321-1329.Lu Yingfa,Huang Xuebin,Liu Defu.Distribution characteristics of force and stability analysis of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(7):1321-1329.
[18]刘艳章,刘永涛,吴恩桥,等.考虑边坡稳定性的露天转地下开采隔离层厚度指标函数分析法[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2018,35(5):1005-1013.Liu Yanzhang,Liu Yongtao,Wu Enqiao,et al.Index function analysis method of interlayer thickness for transition time from open pit to underground mining considering slope stability[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2018,35(5):1005-1013.
[19]陈国庆,黄润秋,石豫川,等.基于动态和整体强度折减法的边坡稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(2):243-256.Chen Guoqing,Huang Runqiu,Shi Yuchuan,et al.Stability analysis of slope based on dynamic and whole strength reduction methods[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(2):243-256.
[20]李小春,袁维,白冰,等.基于局部强度折减法的边坡多滑面分析方法及应用研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(3):847-854.Li Xiaochun,Yuan Wei,Bai Bing,et al.Analytic approach of slope multi-slip surfaces based on local strength reduction method and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(3):847-854.
[21]张荣立,何国纬,李铎.采矿工程设计手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005.Zhang Rongli,He Guowei,Li Duo.Mining Engineering Design Manua[lM].Beijing:Coal Industry Press,2005.
[2]卢宏建,高永涛.大型露天终了边坡稳定性分析与加固方案优化[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2015,46(5):1786-1798.Lu Hongjian,Gao Yongtao.Stability analysis and reinforcement scheme optimization of large open ending slope[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2015,46(5):1786-1798.
[3]Contreras L F.An economic risk evaluation approach for pit slope optimization[J].The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2015,115(7):607-622.
[4]Akbari A D,Osanloo M,Shirazi M A.Ultimate pit limit determination through minimizing risk costs associated with price uncertainty[J].Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi-Mineral Resources Management,2008,24(4):157-170.
[5]张伟峰,王青,顾晓薇,等.基于锥体排除法的露天矿最终境界优化[J].金属矿山,2017(4):16-20.Zhang Weifeng,Wang Qing,Gu Xiaowei,et al.Optimization of the final boundary of open-pit mine based on cone exclusion method[J].Metal Mine,2017(4):16-20.
[6]胥孝川,顾晓薇,王青,等.金属露天矿最终境界优化算法改进[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2014,35(8):1195-1198.Xu Xiaochuan,Gu Xiaowei,Wang Qing,et al.Improved optimization algorithm of ultimate pit for open pit metal mine[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2014,35(8):1195-1198.
[7]胥孝川,顾晓薇,王青,等.金属露天矿帮坡角变化对最终境界影响[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2018,39(5):716-721.Xu Xiaochuan,Gu Xiaowei,Wang Qing,et al.Ultimate metal pit optimization with various wall slope[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Nature Science,2018,39(5):716-721.
[8]Shishvan M S,Sattarvand J.Modeling of accurate variable slope angles in open-pit mine design using spline interpolation[J].Archives of Mining Sciences,2013,57(4):921-932.
[9]黄俊歆,王李管,毕林,等.改进的露天境界优化几何约束模型及其应用[J].重庆大学学报,2010,33(12):78-83.Huang Junxin,Wang Liguan,Bi Lin,et al.The improved geometrical constraint model of open-pit mine boundary optimum and its application[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2010,33(12):78-83.
[10]杨彪,罗周全,陆广,等.复杂多金属露天矿山最终境界动态综合优化[J].矿冶工程,2011,31(1):1-4.Yang Biao,Luo Zhouquan,Lu Guang,et al.Dynamic and comprehensive optimization of ultimate pit limit for complex multi-metal open-pit mine[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2011,31(1):1-4.
[11]张延凯,李克庆,胡乃联,等.露天矿境界优化LG算法初始有向图生成研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(S2):367-373.Zhang Yankai,Li Keqing,Hu Nailian,et al.A study of generating the initial directed graph for LG algorithm of open pit optimization[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(S2):367-373.
[12]李俊平,李鹏伟,张浩.毕机沟露天矿台阶坡面角取值范围及最终边坡角研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,49(4):598-603.Li Junping,Li Pengwei,Zhang Hao.Research on bench angle range value&final slope angle in Bijigou open-pit[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2017,49(4):598-603.
[13]Feng S J,Sun S G,Yi Y N.Study on optimization method of the slope angle design for open-pit mine[C]//2ndInternational Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection.Guilin,2013:656-660.
[14]刘佶林,冯光华,刘云峰,等.曼家寨采场露天开采境界收益与边坡风险关系研究[J].金属矿山,2018(10):52-56.Liu Jilin,Feng Guanghua,Liu Yunfeng,et al.Research on the relationship between the income of open-pit mining and the risk of slope at Manjiazhai Stope[J].Metal Mine,2018(10):52-56.
[15]Singh V K,Singh J K,Kumar A.Geotechnical study for optimizing the slope design of a deep open-pit mine,India[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2005,64(3):301-306.
[16]李宁,郭双枫,姚显春.再论岩质高边坡稳定性分析方法[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):397-406.Li Ning,Guo Shuangfeng,Yao Xianchun.Further study of stability analysis methods of high rock slopes[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):397-406.
[17]卢应发,黄学斌,刘德富.边坡力的分布特征和稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(7):1321-1329.Lu Yingfa,Huang Xuebin,Liu Defu.Distribution characteristics of force and stability analysis of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(7):1321-1329.
[18]刘艳章,刘永涛,吴恩桥,等.考虑边坡稳定性的露天转地下开采隔离层厚度指标函数分析法[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2018,35(5):1005-1013.Liu Yanzhang,Liu Yongtao,Wu Enqiao,et al.Index function analysis method of interlayer thickness for transition time from open pit to underground mining considering slope stability[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2018,35(5):1005-1013.
[19]陈国庆,黄润秋,石豫川,等.基于动态和整体强度折减法的边坡稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(2):243-256.Chen Guoqing,Huang Runqiu,Shi Yuchuan,et al.Stability analysis of slope based on dynamic and whole strength reduction methods[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(2):243-256.
[20]李小春,袁维,白冰,等.基于局部强度折减法的边坡多滑面分析方法及应用研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(3):847-854.Li Xiaochun,Yuan Wei,Bai Bing,et al.Analytic approach of slope multi-slip surfaces based on local strength reduction method and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(3):847-854.
[21]张荣立,何国纬,李铎.采矿工程设计手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005.Zhang Rongli,He Guowei,Li Duo.Mining Engineering Design Manua[lM].Beijing:Coal Industry Press,2005.