深厚淤泥爆破挤淤振动效应
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摘要
依托某核电站取水明渠超过30 m厚淤泥爆破挤淤展开研究,探索深厚淤泥层爆破振动传播规律、影响因素及其振动效应。首先对振动反射波和折射波的能量分配原理进行了论述,对深厚淤泥层条件下不同爆破工况振速衰减规律、频率分布进行了分析,通过高低潮位的对比,说明厚覆盖海水对能量的传播起到了较好的耗散作用,炸药能量在两种工况下的利用率没有明显区别,主频主要集中在低频区间。最后将爆破挤淤与土石方爆破对比分析,说明爆破挤淤能量转化为地震波的比例更高,主因是装药结构的差异导致能量转化率存在较大差别。
Since the blasting compaction technology has been successfully applied to the civil engineering in the 80 s of the last century in China,there are very few in studies of the deep and thick silt blasting compaction,such as the energy transfer theory and the tide level under the blasting working conditions in comparison with soil-rock blasting.When there are sensitive buildings or structures in the blasting area,making studies of the vibration effects of blasting has a practical significance. This paper,depending upon a nuclear power station,carries out researches of thick silt over 30 m in the intake channel by blasting compaction,including studies of propagation rule of vibration,influence factors and vibration effects by blasting. Firstly,the analysis of energy distribution of the vibration induced reflected wave and refracted wave has been done in this paper; secondly,analysis of the damping laws of vibration rates and frequency of the north and south banks has made under the different blasting conditions. Compared with the high and lower tidal levels,the analysis results show that the thick seawater covering the silt has a positive effect on the energy dissipation,and there are no great differences between the explosive energy utilization under two working conditions. The main frequency mainly concentrates at the low frequency area. Finally comparing the blasting compaction with the soil-rock blasting,and it is found that the energy ratio of the blasting compaction which transfers to a seismic wave is higher,the main reason is the discrepancy of the explosive structure which leads the energy transfer ratio having remarkable differences.
Since the blasting compaction technology has been successfully applied to the civil engineering in the 80 s of the last century in China,there are very few in studies of the deep and thick silt blasting compaction,such as the energy transfer theory and the tide level under the blasting working conditions in comparison with soil-rock blasting.When there are sensitive buildings or structures in the blasting area,making studies of the vibration effects of blasting has a practical significance. This paper,depending upon a nuclear power station,carries out researches of thick silt over 30 m in the intake channel by blasting compaction,including studies of propagation rule of vibration,influence factors and vibration effects by blasting. Firstly,the analysis of energy distribution of the vibration induced reflected wave and refracted wave has been done in this paper; secondly,analysis of the damping laws of vibration rates and frequency of the north and south banks has made under the different blasting conditions. Compared with the high and lower tidal levels,the analysis results show that the thick seawater covering the silt has a positive effect on the energy dissipation,and there are no great differences between the explosive energy utilization under two working conditions. The main frequency mainly concentrates at the low frequency area. Finally comparing the blasting compaction with the soil-rock blasting,and it is found that the energy ratio of the blasting compaction which transfers to a seismic wave is higher,the main reason is the discrepancy of the explosive structure which leads the energy transfer ratio having remarkable differences.
引文
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[5]JTS 204—2008水运工程爆破技术规范[S].JTS 204—2008 Technical code of blasting for port and waterway engineering[S].(in Chinese))
[6]金伟,何维维.爆破挤淤法处理深厚软基的典型试验研究[J].中国港湾建设,2012(5):39-42.(JIN Wei,HE Wei-wei.Typical test and research on blasting toe-shooting method in deep soft subgrade[J].China Harbour Engineering,2012(5):39-42.(in Chinese))
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[8]陶松垒,李未材.防波堤基础的爆炸处理方法及应用[J].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(5):475-480.(TAO Song-lei,LI Wei-cai.Blasting method for the breakwater groundwork and its application[J].Explosion and Shock Wave,2003,23(5):475-480.(in Chinese))
[9]陆凡东,方向,高振儒,等.防波堤爆破挤淤施工对在建核设施的振动影响分析[J].工程爆破,2010,16(2):66-69.(LU Fan-dong,FANG Xiang,GAO Zhen-ru,et al.Influence analysis of blasting vibration on nuclear facility under construction by blasting toe-shooting of breakwater[J].Engineering Blasting,2010,16(2):66-69.(in Chinese))
[10]胡德绥.弹性波动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1989.(HU De-sui.Elastic wave dynamics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989.(in Chinese))
[11]李洪涛,卢文波,舒大强,等.P波作用下衬砌混凝土的爆破安全振动速度研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(1):34-39.(LI Hong-tao,LU Wen-bo,SHU Da-qiang,et al.Study on the safety velocity for concrete lining under P wave loading[J].Explosion and Shock Wave,2007,27(1):34-39.(in Chinese))
[12]林大超,白春华.爆炸地震效应[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.(LIN Da-chao,BAI Chun-hua.Explosion seismic effect[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007.(in Chinese))
[13]宗琦,孟德君.炮孔不同装药结构对爆破能量影响的理论探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):641-645.(ZONG Qi,MENG De-jun.Influence of different kinds of hole charging structue on explosion energy transmission[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):641-645.(in Chinese))
[2]王正义,荆雷.爆破挤淤在护岸工程地基处理中的应用[J].水运工程,2013(10):244-248.(WANG Zheng-yi,JING Lei.Application of blasting compaction for foundation treatment of revetment works[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2013(10):244-248.(in Chinese))
[3]徐学勇,汪稔,吴京平,等.特殊地形条件下爆破挤淤震动效应测试与分析[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(1):182-185.(XU Xue-yong,WANG Ren,WU Jing-ping,et al.Monitoring and analysis of vibration effects due to squeezing silt by blasting at a special terrain[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(1):182-185.(in Chinese))
[4]李雷斌.含夹砂层复杂软基爆破挤淤填筑护岸及防波堤施工技术研究[J].中国水运:下半月,2014,14(4):368-372.(LI Lei-bin.Study on complex soft soil compaction filling embankment and construction technology of breakwater with sand layer[J].China Water Transport,2014,14(4):368-372.(in Chinese))
[5]JTS 204—2008水运工程爆破技术规范[S].JTS 204—2008 Technical code of blasting for port and waterway engineering[S].(in Chinese))
[6]金伟,何维维.爆破挤淤法处理深厚软基的典型试验研究[J].中国港湾建设,2012(5):39-42.(JIN Wei,HE Wei-wei.Typical test and research on blasting toe-shooting method in deep soft subgrade[J].China Harbour Engineering,2012(5):39-42.(in Chinese))
[7]徐学勇,汪稔,孟庆山,等.深厚淤泥爆破挤淤震动效应测试与控制技术[J].岩土力学,2008,29(12):3256-3260.(XU Xue-yong,WANG Ren,MENG Qing-shan,et al.Monitoring and controlling technology for vibration effect due to deep and thick silt by blasting compaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(12):3256-3260.(in Chinese))
[8]陶松垒,李未材.防波堤基础的爆炸处理方法及应用[J].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(5):475-480.(TAO Song-lei,LI Wei-cai.Blasting method for the breakwater groundwork and its application[J].Explosion and Shock Wave,2003,23(5):475-480.(in Chinese))
[9]陆凡东,方向,高振儒,等.防波堤爆破挤淤施工对在建核设施的振动影响分析[J].工程爆破,2010,16(2):66-69.(LU Fan-dong,FANG Xiang,GAO Zhen-ru,et al.Influence analysis of blasting vibration on nuclear facility under construction by blasting toe-shooting of breakwater[J].Engineering Blasting,2010,16(2):66-69.(in Chinese))
[10]胡德绥.弹性波动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1989.(HU De-sui.Elastic wave dynamics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989.(in Chinese))
[11]李洪涛,卢文波,舒大强,等.P波作用下衬砌混凝土的爆破安全振动速度研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(1):34-39.(LI Hong-tao,LU Wen-bo,SHU Da-qiang,et al.Study on the safety velocity for concrete lining under P wave loading[J].Explosion and Shock Wave,2007,27(1):34-39.(in Chinese))
[12]林大超,白春华.爆炸地震效应[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.(LIN Da-chao,BAI Chun-hua.Explosion seismic effect[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007.(in Chinese))
[13]宗琦,孟德君.炮孔不同装药结构对爆破能量影响的理论探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):641-645.(ZONG Qi,MENG De-jun.Influence of different kinds of hole charging structue on explosion energy transmission[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):641-645.(in Chinese))