高渗透率光伏配电网中电池储能系统综合运行控制策略
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摘要
为解决配电网中高渗透率光伏及用电高峰负荷过重带来的电压越限问题,并在分时电价政策下通过低储高发获取经济收益以降低储能作为电压控制手段的成本,提出一种电池储能系统综合运行控制策略。该策略包括电压控制和套利运作两部分,其中电压控制部分以防止电压越限为目标,建立包括电池剩余寿命(TOU)、荷电状态(SOC)、电压灵敏度特性、电池动作费用等在内的评价矩阵,选择综合评价指标最大者进行控制,以提高电压控制效率;套利运作部分以保证电压安全为前提,结合用电峰谷电价,尽量减少电池动作对节点电压的影响,选择电压灵敏度因数及动作费用最小、电池状态最优者进行控制。该方法在实现削峰填谷,改善配网电压安全,提高储能安装用户收益的同时,兼顾电池储能系统的状态变化,实现了功率在各储能单元间的合理分配,提高了动作效率,均衡了各储能单元的使用率,延长了整个储能系统的使用寿命。最后通过算例分析验证了该控制方法的有效性。
In order to solve the voltage violation problems caused by the high photovoltaic penetration or high load profile as well as to reduce the cost of energy storage as a means of voltage control by obtaining economic benefits under the time-of-use(TOU) tariff,an integrated control strategy for battery energy storage systems in distribution networks is presented in this paper.The proposed strategy involves two parts,i.e.,the voltage control strategy and the arbitrage operation strategy.The voltage control aims at solving the voltage violation problems,and builds the evaluation matrix considering the lifetime,state of charge(SOC),voltage sensitivity and the operating costs.The battery unit with the maximum comprehensive evaluation index will be selected to improve the efficiency of voltage control.On the premise of voltage security,the arbitrage operation part utilizes the TOU tariff and minimizes the impact of battery status change on the node voltage.The battery unit with the minimal voltage sensitivity factor,the minimal operating cost and the best SOC will be selected to control with this strategy.The proposed method can achieve peak load shifting,improve the voltage security of the distribution network,and enhance the economic profits of the users.Meanwhile,it can also balance the utilization of the battery unit and extend the lifetime of the entire energy storage system.Case studies show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
In order to solve the voltage violation problems caused by the high photovoltaic penetration or high load profile as well as to reduce the cost of energy storage as a means of voltage control by obtaining economic benefits under the time-of-use(TOU) tariff,an integrated control strategy for battery energy storage systems in distribution networks is presented in this paper.The proposed strategy involves two parts,i.e.,the voltage control strategy and the arbitrage operation strategy.The voltage control aims at solving the voltage violation problems,and builds the evaluation matrix considering the lifetime,state of charge(SOC),voltage sensitivity and the operating costs.The battery unit with the maximum comprehensive evaluation index will be selected to improve the efficiency of voltage control.On the premise of voltage security,the arbitrage operation part utilizes the TOU tariff and minimizes the impact of battery status change on the node voltage.The battery unit with the minimal voltage sensitivity factor,the minimal operating cost and the best SOC will be selected to control with this strategy.The proposed method can achieve peak load shifting,improve the voltage security of the distribution network,and enhance the economic profits of the users.Meanwhile,it can also balance the utilization of the battery unit and extend the lifetime of the entire energy storage system.Case studies show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
引文
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[15]Brenna M,Berardinis E D,Carpini L D,et al.Automatic distributed voltage control algorithm in smart grids applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(2):877-885.
[16]Wang P,Liang D H,Yi J,et al.Integrating electrical energy storage into coordinated voltage control schemes for distribution networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(2):1018-1032.
[17]向育鹏,卫志农,孙国强,等.基于全寿命周期成本的配电网蓄电池储能系统的优化配置[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):264-270.Xiang Yupeng,Wei Zhinong,Sun Guoqiang,et al.Optimization of energy storage system of distribution network battery based on life cycle cost[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):264-270.
[18]熊雄,杨仁刚,叶林,等.电力需求侧大规模储能系统经济性评估[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(9):224-230.Xiong Xiong,Yang Rengang,Ye Lin,et al.Economic evaluation of large-scale energy storage allocation in power demand side[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(9):224-230.
[19]Gabash A,Li P.Active-reactive optimal power flow in distribution networks with embedded generation and battery storage[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(4):2026-2035.
[20]Atwa Y M,El-Saadany E F.Probabilistic approach for optimal allocation of wind-based distributed generation in distribution systems[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2011,5(1):79-88.
[21]Zillmann M,Yan R,Saha T K.Regulation of distribution network voltage using dispersed battery storage systems:a case study of a rural network[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,Detroit,2011:1-8.
[22]薛金花,叶季蕾,陶琼,等.采用全寿命周期成本模型的用户侧电池储能经济可行性研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(8):2471-2476.Xue Jinhua,Ye Jilei,Tao Qiong,et al.The user side of the battery using life cycle cost model of the economic feasibility study[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(8):2471-2476.
[2]肖浩,裴玮,邓卫,等.分布式电源对配电网电压的影响分析及其优化控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(增刊1):203-213.Xiao Hao,Pei Wei,Deng Wei,et al.Analysis of the impact of distributed generation on distribution network voltage and its optimal control strategy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(S1):203-213.
[3]陈权,李令冬,王群京,等.光伏发电并网系统的仿真建模及对配电网电压稳定性影响[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(3):241-247.Chen Quan,Li Lingdong,Wang Qunjing,et al.Simulation model of photovoltaic generation gridconnected system and its impacts on voltage stability in distribution grid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(3):241-247.
[4]周林,任伟,廖波,等.并网型光伏电站无功电压控制[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(20):168-175.Zhou Lin,Ren Wei,Liao Bo,et al.Reactive power and voltage control for grid-connected PV power plants[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(20):168-175.
[5]李建林,马会萌,惠东.储能技术融合分布式可再生能源的现状及发展趋势[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(14):1-10.Li Jianlin,Ma Huimeng,Hui Dong.Present development condition and trends of energy storage technology in the integration of distributed renewable energy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(14):1-10.
[6]Wang Y,Tan K T,Peng X Y,et al.Coordinated control of distributed energy-storage systems for voltage regulation in distribution networks[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2015,31(3):1132-1141.
[7]Kabir M N,Mishra Y,Ledwich G,et al.Coordinated control of grid-connected photovoltaic reactive power and battery energy storage systems to improve the voltage profile of a residential distribution feeder[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2014,10(2):967-977.
[8]Hill C A,Such M C,Chen D,et al.Battery energy storage for enabling integration of distributed solar power generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(2):850-857.
[9]Jayasekara N,Masoum M A S,Wolfs P J.Optimal operation of distributed energy storage systems to improve distribution network load and generation hosting capability[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,7(1):250-261.
[10]Zhang Z,Wang J,Ding T,et al.A two-layer model for microgrid real-time dispatch based on energy storage system charging/discharging hidden costs[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,8(1):33-42.
[11]Mokhtari G,Nourbakhsh G,Ghosh A.Smart coordination of energy storage units(ESUs)for voltage and loading management in distribution networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):4812-4820.
[12]Liu X,Aichhorn A,Liu L,et al.Coordinated control of distributed energy storage system with tap changer transformers for voltage rise mitigation under high photovoltaic penetration[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(2):897-906.
[13]柴炜,李征,蔡旭,等.基于使用寿命模型的大容量电池储能系统变步长优化控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(14):58-66.Chai Wei,Li Zheng,Cai Xu,et al.Variable step-size control method of large capacity battery energy storage system based on the life model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(14):58-66.
[14]李军徽,冯爽,崔新振,等.风储联合发电系统中锂电池寿命评估[J].电工电能新技术,2015,34(10):34-38.Li Junhui,Feng Shuang,Cui Xinzhen,et al.Lifetime evaluation of battery energy storage system in wind-ES hybrid power system[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2015,34(10):34-38.
[15]Brenna M,Berardinis E D,Carpini L D,et al.Automatic distributed voltage control algorithm in smart grids applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(2):877-885.
[16]Wang P,Liang D H,Yi J,et al.Integrating electrical energy storage into coordinated voltage control schemes for distribution networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(2):1018-1032.
[17]向育鹏,卫志农,孙国强,等.基于全寿命周期成本的配电网蓄电池储能系统的优化配置[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):264-270.Xiang Yupeng,Wei Zhinong,Sun Guoqiang,et al.Optimization of energy storage system of distribution network battery based on life cycle cost[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):264-270.
[18]熊雄,杨仁刚,叶林,等.电力需求侧大规模储能系统经济性评估[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(9):224-230.Xiong Xiong,Yang Rengang,Ye Lin,et al.Economic evaluation of large-scale energy storage allocation in power demand side[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(9):224-230.
[19]Gabash A,Li P.Active-reactive optimal power flow in distribution networks with embedded generation and battery storage[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(4):2026-2035.
[20]Atwa Y M,El-Saadany E F.Probabilistic approach for optimal allocation of wind-based distributed generation in distribution systems[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2011,5(1):79-88.
[21]Zillmann M,Yan R,Saha T K.Regulation of distribution network voltage using dispersed battery storage systems:a case study of a rural network[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,Detroit,2011:1-8.
[22]薛金花,叶季蕾,陶琼,等.采用全寿命周期成本模型的用户侧电池储能经济可行性研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(8):2471-2476.Xue Jinhua,Ye Jilei,Tao Qiong,et al.The user side of the battery using life cycle cost model of the economic feasibility study[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(8):2471-2476.