高含水油田大孔道特征及控制机理分析——以陇东地区延9油组为例
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摘要
综合研究区不同时期的测井、分析化验、生产动态等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延9油组注水开发前后储层的特征进行对比研究,分析注水开发后大孔道发育的特征,从层内、平面、微观、层间非均质性4个方面,厘清储层非均质性对大孔道发育的控制机理。研究认为,大孔道发育是沉积、成岩作用与长期注水共同作用的结果;优势岩相分布的河道下部、心滩是延9油组大孔道形成的主要层段;单层层内渗透率大于30×10~(-3)μm~2、渗透率级差大于9、超邻层数倍的相对吸水量,是大孔道发育的一般特征;沿主河道、心滩主流线方向的井间是大孔道分布的集中区域;高岭石含量变化可以作为陇东地区大孔道形成的重要指示标志。同时,以模糊数学方法为基础,选取微相类型、比吸水指数、渗透率、渗透率级差、相对吸水量5个代表储层非均质性的参数,对陇东地区延9油组大孔道发育概率进行分类评价,可为相近储层条件的其他油田的开发提供参考。
The development of high capacity channels has a great influence on the remaining oil potential and high recovery factor in high water cut oilfield. Logging, core analysis and production performance data of different periods were comprehensively applied in Longdong district of Ordos Basin. The reservoir characteristics of Yan 9 formation were contrasted before and after waterflooding development. The characteristics of high capacity channels were discussed from intralayer, plane, micro and interlayer in this paper with their controlling mechanisms on high capacity channels. The results show that high capacity channels are controlled by the coupling of sedimentary differentiation, diagenesis, and long-term waterflood. The lower part of channel and bar with dominant lithofacies are the main zones of high capacity channels. Permeability of single layer higher than 30×10~(-3)μm~2, gradient greater than 9 and relative high water absorption are the general characteristics of high capacity channels. Crosshole between channel and main stream line is a concentrated area with high capacity channels distribution. The change of kaolinite content is an important indicator for the generation of high capacity channels in Longdong District. In combination with facies type, injectivity index, per meter permeability JK and relative water absorption, the probability was classified by the probability index of high capacity channels on the basis of fuzzy mathematics, which could provide reference for other oil fields with similar reservoir conditions.
The development of high capacity channels has a great influence on the remaining oil potential and high recovery factor in high water cut oilfield. Logging, core analysis and production performance data of different periods were comprehensively applied in Longdong district of Ordos Basin. The reservoir characteristics of Yan 9 formation were contrasted before and after waterflooding development. The characteristics of high capacity channels were discussed from intralayer, plane, micro and interlayer in this paper with their controlling mechanisms on high capacity channels. The results show that high capacity channels are controlled by the coupling of sedimentary differentiation, diagenesis, and long-term waterflood. The lower part of channel and bar with dominant lithofacies are the main zones of high capacity channels. Permeability of single layer higher than 30×10~(-3)μm~2, gradient greater than 9 and relative high water absorption are the general characteristics of high capacity channels. Crosshole between channel and main stream line is a concentrated area with high capacity channels distribution. The change of kaolinite content is an important indicator for the generation of high capacity channels in Longdong District. In combination with facies type, injectivity index, per meter permeability JK and relative water absorption, the probability was classified by the probability index of high capacity channels on the basis of fuzzy mathematics, which could provide reference for other oil fields with similar reservoir conditions.
引文
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[15] 李中超,陈洪德,余成林,等.严重非均质油藏注水开发流体动力地质作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):209-214.
[16] 王京红,侯连华,吴锡令.注水开发后期河流相储层流动单元特征[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(4):25-31.
[17] 李易隆,贾爱林,何东博.致密砂岩有效储层形成的控制因素[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):71-83.
[18] 杨少春,王瑞丽.不同开发时期砂岩油藏储层非均质三维模型特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(5):652-660.
[19] 封从军,单启铜,时维成,等.扶余油田泉四段储层非均质性及对剩余油分布的控制[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(1):1-7.
[20] 陈程,宋新民,李军.曲流河点砂坝储层水流优势通道及其对剩余油分布的控制[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):257-264.
[21] 朱伟,顾韶秋,曹子剑,等.基于模糊数学的滨里海盆地东南油气储层评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(3):357-363.
[2] 彭仕宓,尹旭,张继春.注水开发中黏土矿物及其岩石敏感性的演化模式[J].石油学报,2006,27(4):71-76.
[3] 刘斌,何勇明,段新国.宝浪油田储层夹隔层特征及储层非均质性研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),20103,2(6):25-29.
[4] 郭平,徐云林,石美,等.高温高压水洗物性变化实验研究[J].石油实验地质,2012,34(4):454-459.
[5] 冯其红,史树彬,王森,等.利用动态资料计算大孔道参数的方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(1):74-76.
[6] 牛世忠,胡望水,熊平,等.红岗油田高台子油藏储层大孔道定量描述[J].石油实验地质,2012,34(2):202-206.
[7] 朱静,李文厚,韩永林,等.陇东地区前侏罗纪古地貌及油藏成藏规律研究[J].沉积学报,2010,28(6):1229-1238.
[8] 赵俊兴,陈洪德,向芳.鄂尔多斯盆地中部延安地区中侏罗统延安组高分辨率层序地层研究[J].沉积学报,2003,21(2):307-313.
[9] 段毅,吴保祥,郑朝阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田延 9油层组油气运移研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(2):349-355.
[10] 彭仕宓,史彦尧,韩涛.油田高含水期窜流通道定量描述方法[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):79-85.
[11] 陈大友,朱玉双,夏勇,等.恒速压汞技术在致密砂岩储层微观孔隙空间刻画中的应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地中部中二叠统石盒子组盒8段为例[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(3):423-428.
[12] 尚婷,曹红霞,郭艳琴,等.致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征及物性影响因素分析——以延长探区上古生界山西组为例[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(6):877-886.
[13] 杜庆龙.长期注水开发砂岩油田储层渗透率变化规律及微观机理[J].石油学报,2016,37(9):1159-1164.
[14] 付晶,吴胜和,罗安湘.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组纵向储层质量差异及主控因素分析[J].地学前缘,2013,20(2):98-108.
[15] 李中超,陈洪德,余成林,等.严重非均质油藏注水开发流体动力地质作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):209-214.
[16] 王京红,侯连华,吴锡令.注水开发后期河流相储层流动单元特征[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(4):25-31.
[17] 李易隆,贾爱林,何东博.致密砂岩有效储层形成的控制因素[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):71-83.
[18] 杨少春,王瑞丽.不同开发时期砂岩油藏储层非均质三维模型特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(5):652-660.
[19] 封从军,单启铜,时维成,等.扶余油田泉四段储层非均质性及对剩余油分布的控制[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(1):1-7.
[20] 陈程,宋新民,李军.曲流河点砂坝储层水流优势通道及其对剩余油分布的控制[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):257-264.
[21] 朱伟,顾韶秋,曹子剑,等.基于模糊数学的滨里海盆地东南油气储层评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(3):357-363.