刚性植物分布方式对海啸波消减影响实验研究
|
摘要
在理论分析的基础上通过物理模型实验探究了刚性植物分布方式对海啸波消减的影响。实验中借助孤立波模拟海啸波,分析了矩形、交错、组合三类分布方式下孤立波沿程波高、透射系数以及拖曳力系数的变化情况。结果表明,植物分布密度相等时,孤立波在矩形和组合分布植物模型前的壅高均大于交错分布植物模型。同时,植物分布密度一定时,分布方式将对植物消波产生影响,且植物间横向间距L2比纵向间距L1的影响更大。在雷诺数2000≤Rep≤4000且体积分数小于或等于0.331的条件下,各植物模型的拖曳力系数随植物分布密度的增大而增大。
We studied in a flume experiment the effects of rigid vegetation distribution on tsunami wave attenuation based on theoretical analysis in which solidary waves were used to represent tsunami waves. The variations of wave height, transmission coefficient, and the drag coefficient in rectangle and staggered patterns or the combined pattern were analyzed. Results show that under a given vegetation density, the wave run-up in front of the vegetation model in the rectangle and combined patterns is higher than that of staggered pattern. Moreover, under a given vegetation density, the wave attenuation in transversal space of adjacent plants(L2) is greater than that in lengthwise spaces of adjacent plants(L1). Under the condition of 2000≤Rep≤4000(Rep: the Reynolds number in porewater velocity in vegetation region) and the volume fraction is less than 0.331, the drag coefficient of different vegetation patterns increases when the fraction increases. Therefore, findings of this paper could provide a theoretical basis for the protection against tsunami by coastal plantation.
We studied in a flume experiment the effects of rigid vegetation distribution on tsunami wave attenuation based on theoretical analysis in which solidary waves were used to represent tsunami waves. The variations of wave height, transmission coefficient, and the drag coefficient in rectangle and staggered patterns or the combined pattern were analyzed. Results show that under a given vegetation density, the wave run-up in front of the vegetation model in the rectangle and combined patterns is higher than that of staggered pattern. Moreover, under a given vegetation density, the wave attenuation in transversal space of adjacent plants(L2) is greater than that in lengthwise spaces of adjacent plants(L1). Under the condition of 2000≤Rep≤4000(Rep: the Reynolds number in porewater velocity in vegetation region) and the volume fraction is less than 0.331, the drag coefficient of different vegetation patterns increases when the fraction increases. Therefore, findings of this paper could provide a theoretical basis for the protection against tsunami by coastal plantation.
引文
何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波等,2017a.考虑根茎叶的近岸植物对海啸波消减实验研究.热带海洋学报,36(5):9-15
何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波等,2017b.考虑根茎叶影响的刚性植物消浪特性实验研究.水动力学研究与进展,32(6):770-778
何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波等,2018a.规则波作用下植物带波高衰减特性实验研究.海洋科学进展,36(1):146-158
何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波等,2018b.植物带影响下孤立波沿程波高衰减特性试验.水利水电科技进展,38(1):75-82
陈杰,何飞,蒋昌波等,2017b.规则波作用下刚性植物拖曳力系数实验研究.水利学报,48(7):846-857
陈杰,何飞,蒋昌波等,2018.植物消波机制的实验与理论解析研究进展.水科学进展,29(3):433-435
陈杰,赵静,蒋昌波等,2017a.非淹没刚性植物对规则波传播变形影响实验研究.海洋通报,36(2):222-229
陈杰,蒋昌波,邓斌等,2013.海啸波作用下岸滩演变与床沙组成变化研究综述.水科学进展,24(5):750-758
陈杰,管喆,蒋昌波,2016.海啸波作用下泥沙运动--Ⅴ.红树林影响下的岸滩变化.水科学进展,27(2):206-213
姚宇,杜睿超,袁万成等,2015.斜坡非淹没刚性植被影响下孤立波爬高的研究.水动力学研究与进展,30(5):506-515
Augustin L,Irish J,Balsmeier G et al,2009.Laboratory measurements of wave attenuation and wave setup by vegetation.Coastal Engineering,2008,5:324-330
Ergun S,1952.Fluid Flow Through Packed Columns.Chemical Engineering Progress,48:89-94
Giri C,Zhu Z,Tieszen L L et al,2008.Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics(1975-2005)of the tsunamiaffected region of Asia.Journal of Biogeography,35(3):519-528
Hu Z,Suzuki T,Zitman T et al,2014.Laboratory study on wave dissipation by vegetation in combined current-wave flow.Coastal Engineering,88:131-142
Huang Z H,Yao Y,Sim S Y et al,2011.Interaction of solitary waves with emergent,rigid vegetation.Ocean Engineering,38(10):1080-1088
Iimura K,Tanaka N,2012.Numerical simulation estimating effects of tree density distribution in coastal forest on tsunami mitigation.Ocean Engineering,54:223-232
Irish J L,Weiss R,Yang Y Q et al,2014.Laboratory experiments of tsunami run-up and withdrawal in patchy coastal forest on a steep beach.Natural Hazards,74(3):1933-1949
Irtem E,Gedik N,Kabdasli M S et al,2009.Coastal forest effects on tsunami run-up heights.Ocean Engineering,36(3-4):313-320
Nepf H M,1999.Drag,turbulence,and diffusion in flow through emergent vegetation.Water Resources Research,35(2):479-489
Pujol D,Colomer J,Serra T et al,2012.A model for the effect of submerged aquatic vegetation on turbulence induced by an oscillating grid.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,114:23-30
Raupach M R,1992.Drag and drag partition on rough surfaces.Boundary-Layer Meteorology,60(4):375-395
Sánchez-González J F,Sánchez-Rojas V,Memos C D,2011.Wave attenuation due to Posidonia oceanica meadows.Journal of Hydraulic Research,49(4):503-514
Suzuki T,2011.Wave dissipation over vegetation fields.Delft:Doctor Dissertation of Delft University of Technology
Suzuki T,Zijlema M,Burger B et al,2012.Wave dissipation by vegetation with layer schematization in SWAN.Coastal Engineering,59(1):64-71
Tanaka N,Sasaki Y,Mowjood M I M et al,2007.Coastal vegetation structures and their functions in tsunami protection:experience of the recent Indian Ocean tsunami.Landscape and Ecological Engineering,3(1):33-45
Tanino Y,Nepf H M,2008.Laboratory investigation of mean drag in a random array of rigid,emergent cylinders.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,134(1):34-41
Thuy N B,Tanimoto K,Tanaka N et al,2009.Effect of open gap in coastal forest on tsunami run-up-investigations by experiment and numerical simulation.Ocean Engineering,36(15-16):1258-1269
Yao Y,Du R C,Jiang C B et al,2015.Experimental study of reduction of solitary wave run-up by emergent rigid vegetation on a beach.Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami,9(5):1540003
何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波等,2017b.考虑根茎叶影响的刚性植物消浪特性实验研究.水动力学研究与进展,32(6):770-778
何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波等,2018a.规则波作用下植物带波高衰减特性实验研究.海洋科学进展,36(1):146-158
何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波等,2018b.植物带影响下孤立波沿程波高衰减特性试验.水利水电科技进展,38(1):75-82
陈杰,何飞,蒋昌波等,2017b.规则波作用下刚性植物拖曳力系数实验研究.水利学报,48(7):846-857
陈杰,何飞,蒋昌波等,2018.植物消波机制的实验与理论解析研究进展.水科学进展,29(3):433-435
陈杰,赵静,蒋昌波等,2017a.非淹没刚性植物对规则波传播变形影响实验研究.海洋通报,36(2):222-229
陈杰,蒋昌波,邓斌等,2013.海啸波作用下岸滩演变与床沙组成变化研究综述.水科学进展,24(5):750-758
陈杰,管喆,蒋昌波,2016.海啸波作用下泥沙运动--Ⅴ.红树林影响下的岸滩变化.水科学进展,27(2):206-213
姚宇,杜睿超,袁万成等,2015.斜坡非淹没刚性植被影响下孤立波爬高的研究.水动力学研究与进展,30(5):506-515
Augustin L,Irish J,Balsmeier G et al,2009.Laboratory measurements of wave attenuation and wave setup by vegetation.Coastal Engineering,2008,5:324-330
Ergun S,1952.Fluid Flow Through Packed Columns.Chemical Engineering Progress,48:89-94
Giri C,Zhu Z,Tieszen L L et al,2008.Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics(1975-2005)of the tsunamiaffected region of Asia.Journal of Biogeography,35(3):519-528
Hu Z,Suzuki T,Zitman T et al,2014.Laboratory study on wave dissipation by vegetation in combined current-wave flow.Coastal Engineering,88:131-142
Huang Z H,Yao Y,Sim S Y et al,2011.Interaction of solitary waves with emergent,rigid vegetation.Ocean Engineering,38(10):1080-1088
Iimura K,Tanaka N,2012.Numerical simulation estimating effects of tree density distribution in coastal forest on tsunami mitigation.Ocean Engineering,54:223-232
Irish J L,Weiss R,Yang Y Q et al,2014.Laboratory experiments of tsunami run-up and withdrawal in patchy coastal forest on a steep beach.Natural Hazards,74(3):1933-1949
Irtem E,Gedik N,Kabdasli M S et al,2009.Coastal forest effects on tsunami run-up heights.Ocean Engineering,36(3-4):313-320
Nepf H M,1999.Drag,turbulence,and diffusion in flow through emergent vegetation.Water Resources Research,35(2):479-489
Pujol D,Colomer J,Serra T et al,2012.A model for the effect of submerged aquatic vegetation on turbulence induced by an oscillating grid.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,114:23-30
Raupach M R,1992.Drag and drag partition on rough surfaces.Boundary-Layer Meteorology,60(4):375-395
Sánchez-González J F,Sánchez-Rojas V,Memos C D,2011.Wave attenuation due to Posidonia oceanica meadows.Journal of Hydraulic Research,49(4):503-514
Suzuki T,2011.Wave dissipation over vegetation fields.Delft:Doctor Dissertation of Delft University of Technology
Suzuki T,Zijlema M,Burger B et al,2012.Wave dissipation by vegetation with layer schematization in SWAN.Coastal Engineering,59(1):64-71
Tanaka N,Sasaki Y,Mowjood M I M et al,2007.Coastal vegetation structures and their functions in tsunami protection:experience of the recent Indian Ocean tsunami.Landscape and Ecological Engineering,3(1):33-45
Tanino Y,Nepf H M,2008.Laboratory investigation of mean drag in a random array of rigid,emergent cylinders.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,134(1):34-41
Thuy N B,Tanimoto K,Tanaka N et al,2009.Effect of open gap in coastal forest on tsunami run-up-investigations by experiment and numerical simulation.Ocean Engineering,36(15-16):1258-1269
Yao Y,Du R C,Jiang C B et al,2015.Experimental study of reduction of solitary wave run-up by emergent rigid vegetation on a beach.Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami,9(5):1540003