隋唐长安设计模数新释
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摘要
比对数次略有差异的考古实测数据可知,隋唐长安宫城、皇城、外城的东半部分较之西半部分距朱雀门大道的宽度差值约50丈,即隋唐都城规划设计中的一个基准方格。这一差值的存在既有可能来自原初规划,也有可能来自规划实施中的调整。如是后一种情况,隋唐长安规划方案的设计模数很有可能是500丈,即全城由5排、6列大小相等的共30个500丈见方的模块间以预留道路用地构成。参考与隋唐长安同时期的东亚都城,如隋唐洛阳、日本平城京和渤海国上京城,这些都城可能都采用了边长大于1里的等大方块作为设计模块,由此可佐证对隋唐长安500丈设计模数的推断符合隋唐之际都城规划设计方法的发展趋势,或更为接近历史的真实。
The comparison of different reports of Chang'an in Sui-Tang Dynasty reveals that the distance between the Rosefinch Gate Boulevard and east region of its palace city, imperial city, and outer city was wider than the west region by 50 zhang, which equals to a basic square in the planning of capital city of Sui-Tang Dynasty. This difference might come from the original plan, and may also from the practical planning implementation. According to the second possibility, the planning module of Chang'an is likely to be 500 zhang, and this city is consisted of five rows, six columns, totally thirty 500 zhang square blocks with roads between modules. By comparison of the planning module of Luoyang in Sui-Tang Dynasty, Heijō-kyō and Shangjing of Bohai State, it is likely that these capitals all take a square block that bigger than 1 li as the planning module, which proves that the inference of the design module during SuiTang Dynasty conform to the developing trend of planning method during the same period, and may be more reliable and close to the historical situation.
The comparison of different reports of Chang'an in Sui-Tang Dynasty reveals that the distance between the Rosefinch Gate Boulevard and east region of its palace city, imperial city, and outer city was wider than the west region by 50 zhang, which equals to a basic square in the planning of capital city of Sui-Tang Dynasty. This difference might come from the original plan, and may also from the practical planning implementation. According to the second possibility, the planning module of Chang'an is likely to be 500 zhang, and this city is consisted of five rows, six columns, totally thirty 500 zhang square blocks with roads between modules. By comparison of the planning module of Luoyang in Sui-Tang Dynasty, Heijō-kyō and Shangjing of Bohai State, it is likely that these capitals all take a square block that bigger than 1 li as the planning module, which proves that the inference of the design module during SuiTang Dynasty conform to the developing trend of planning method during the same period, and may be more reliable and close to the historical situation.
引文
[1]傅熹年.隋唐长安洛阳城规划手法的探讨[J].文物,1995(3):48-63.FU Xinian.The Sui-Tang Cities of Chang’an and Luoyang:Planning Method[J].Cultural Relics,1995(3):48-63.
2 王才强.隋唐长安城市规划中的模数制及其对日本城市的影响[J].世界建筑,2003(1):101-107.HENG Chye Kiang.Modulus in the Planning of Chang’an and Its Influence on Heijo(Nara),Nagaoka,and Heian[J].World Architecture,2003(1):101-107.
3 王晖,曹康.隋唐长安里坊规划方法再考[J].城市规划,2007(10):74-80,87.WANG Hui,CAO Kang.Alternative Planning Methodology of Lifang in Chang’an of Sui&Tang Dynasty[J].City Planning Review,2007(10):74-80,87.
4 王树声.隋唐长安城规划手法探析[J].城市规划,2009(6):55-58,72.WANG Shusheng.Planning Techniques of Chang’an City in Sui and Tang Dynasty[J].City Planning Review,2009(6):55-58,72.
5 武廷海.从形势论看宇文恺对隋大兴城的“规画”[J].城市规划,2009(12):39-46.WU Tinghai.On Plan for Capital City of Daxing in Sui Dynasty Led by YU Wenkai in the View of Xingshi Theory[J].City Planning Review,2009(12):39-46.
6 陕西省文物管理委员会.唐长安城地基初步探测[J].考古学报,1958(3):79-93.The Cultural Relics Management Committee of Shaanxi Province.A Preliminary Survey of the Ruins of Chang’an City in Tang Dynasty[J].Acta Archaeologlca Sinica,1958(3):79-93.
7 中国科学院考古研究所西安唐城发掘队.唐代长安城考古纪略[J].考古,1963(11):595-611.Tang City Excavation Team of Xi’an,Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The Archaeological Record of Chang’an City in Tang Dynasty[J].Archaeology,1963(11):595-611.
8 李健超.唐长安1∶2.5万复原图[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,1993(2):169-175,191.LI Jianchao.The Restored Map(1∶25000)for the Ancient Chang’an City in Tang Dynasty[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),1993(2):169-175,191.
9 宿白.隋唐长安城和洛阳城[J].考古,1978(6):409-425,401.SU Bai.Chang’an and Luoyang in the Sui-Tang Dynasty[J].Archaeology,1978(6):409-425,401.
(1)隋书·卷一·高祖上(点校本).北京:中华书局,1973:17。
(2)隋书·卷一·高祖上(点校本).北京:中华书局,1973:18。
(3)傅熹年.中国科学技术史·建筑卷.北京:科学出版社,2008:303。
(4)黄发忠.尊左与尊右的源与流.文史知识,1985(6):58-62。
(5)[日]井上和人,吴丽丹.渤海上京龙泉府形制新考//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第四辑).北京:科学出版社,2005:157-193。
2 王才强.隋唐长安城市规划中的模数制及其对日本城市的影响[J].世界建筑,2003(1):101-107.HENG Chye Kiang.Modulus in the Planning of Chang’an and Its Influence on Heijo(Nara),Nagaoka,and Heian[J].World Architecture,2003(1):101-107.
3 王晖,曹康.隋唐长安里坊规划方法再考[J].城市规划,2007(10):74-80,87.WANG Hui,CAO Kang.Alternative Planning Methodology of Lifang in Chang’an of Sui&Tang Dynasty[J].City Planning Review,2007(10):74-80,87.
4 王树声.隋唐长安城规划手法探析[J].城市规划,2009(6):55-58,72.WANG Shusheng.Planning Techniques of Chang’an City in Sui and Tang Dynasty[J].City Planning Review,2009(6):55-58,72.
5 武廷海.从形势论看宇文恺对隋大兴城的“规画”[J].城市规划,2009(12):39-46.WU Tinghai.On Plan for Capital City of Daxing in Sui Dynasty Led by YU Wenkai in the View of Xingshi Theory[J].City Planning Review,2009(12):39-46.
6 陕西省文物管理委员会.唐长安城地基初步探测[J].考古学报,1958(3):79-93.The Cultural Relics Management Committee of Shaanxi Province.A Preliminary Survey of the Ruins of Chang’an City in Tang Dynasty[J].Acta Archaeologlca Sinica,1958(3):79-93.
7 中国科学院考古研究所西安唐城发掘队.唐代长安城考古纪略[J].考古,1963(11):595-611.Tang City Excavation Team of Xi’an,Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The Archaeological Record of Chang’an City in Tang Dynasty[J].Archaeology,1963(11):595-611.
8 李健超.唐长安1∶2.5万复原图[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,1993(2):169-175,191.LI Jianchao.The Restored Map(1∶25000)for the Ancient Chang’an City in Tang Dynasty[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),1993(2):169-175,191.
9 宿白.隋唐长安城和洛阳城[J].考古,1978(6):409-425,401.SU Bai.Chang’an and Luoyang in the Sui-Tang Dynasty[J].Archaeology,1978(6):409-425,401.
(1)隋书·卷一·高祖上(点校本).北京:中华书局,1973:17。
(2)隋书·卷一·高祖上(点校本).北京:中华书局,1973:18。
(3)傅熹年.中国科学技术史·建筑卷.北京:科学出版社,2008:303。
(4)黄发忠.尊左与尊右的源与流.文史知识,1985(6):58-62。
(5)[日]井上和人,吴丽丹.渤海上京龙泉府形制新考//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第四辑).北京:科学出版社,2005:157-193。