森林公园游憩者依恋情感对恢复性体验影响研究
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摘要
对福州国家森林公园进行实地调研和问卷调查,采用方差分析、相关性分析和回归分析等方法,探究森林公园游憩者的场所依恋情感与游憩者在森林公园中的恢复性体验之间的关系。结果表明:游憩者对森林公园的依恋情感可以有效促进其恢复性体验的提升,场所依恋中的场所依赖和场所认同两个维度对恢复性知觉及其各个维度都有促进作用;森林公园中的场所依赖对恢复性体验各个维度的影响作用大于场所认同。因此,在森林公园的改造规划及管理中,应注重考虑游憩者的场所依恋情感,并从场所依赖和场所认同两个维度出发,加强设施的维护管理,提高森林公园的基础设施水平、服务水平;注重地域性景观元素及文化在森林公园中的运用,从而提高游憩者在森林公园中的恢复性体验。
(1)Background——In the process of urbanization,the destruction of the natural environment and historical streets has led to the separation of people' s emotions,and social and life pressures have led to various mental illnesses. However,people can get restorative experience in green space. As a natural leisure space with a lot of green space,forest park is an important place for urban residents to carry out forest health experience. In the current planning and management of forest parks,the emotional factors of the tourists are often ignored.Therefore,the forest park was chosen as the research object to study the influence of its place attachment on the restorative perception of the tourists.(2)Methods——Taking the Fuzhou National Forest Park as a research area,the field investigation and questionnaire survey were conducted to explore the relationship between the place attachment and the restorative experience of forest park tourists. The average scores of place attachment were ranked from low to high and divided into three groups. Variance analysis and correlation analysis were used to test and explore the relationship between the various aspects of the place attachment and restorative experience. Finally,regression analysis is used to test the interaction between dimensions.(3) Results——(1)The results show that the place attachment of the respondents to Fuzhou Forest Park can significantly improve restorative experience. The average score of each measurement index is between 4. 59-5. 10,indicating that most tourists have a certain emotional attachment to Fuzhou National Forest Park and have a good restorative experience.(2)Both place attachment and place identity have a positive impact on the four aspects of "distance,extensibility,charm,compatibility" and the overall restorative experience,and there is a clear interaction between indicators.(3) The restorative experience of forest park tourists are more affected by place attachment than that of urban park tourists,and the tourists need to be satisfied with the functions before they can feel relaxed. Among them,place attachment has the most obvious influence on "distance" in restorative experience. The regression coefficient is 0. 62,and the regression coefficient of the place attachment in the regression equation is greater than that of place identity. According to the analysis,unlike urban parks,the restorative experience of forest park tourists is more affected by place attachment.(4)Conclusions and Discussions——We can focus on improving the restorative benefits of forest parks from two aspects: place attachment and place identity. First,considering the dimension of place attachment,we should increase the recreation facilities of forest parks,especially the infrastructure such as street lamps,rest benches,toilets,and navigation facilities. The management should be continuously strengthened to improve the service level of forest parks and enhance the functional attachment of tourists. Forest park managers should focus on the maintenance and update of the corresponding facilities. Second,considering the dimension of place identity,the application of regional landscape elements and the embodiment of historical culture should be emphasized in the reconstruction and renewal of future forest parks. The application of regional landscape elements demonstrates the wisdom of local people and their unique culture,attracting and evoking people' s sense of belonging,thus promoting the place attachment and enabling the tourists to get deeper restorative experience.
(1)Background——In the process of urbanization,the destruction of the natural environment and historical streets has led to the separation of people' s emotions,and social and life pressures have led to various mental illnesses. However,people can get restorative experience in green space. As a natural leisure space with a lot of green space,forest park is an important place for urban residents to carry out forest health experience. In the current planning and management of forest parks,the emotional factors of the tourists are often ignored.Therefore,the forest park was chosen as the research object to study the influence of its place attachment on the restorative perception of the tourists.(2)Methods——Taking the Fuzhou National Forest Park as a research area,the field investigation and questionnaire survey were conducted to explore the relationship between the place attachment and the restorative experience of forest park tourists. The average scores of place attachment were ranked from low to high and divided into three groups. Variance analysis and correlation analysis were used to test and explore the relationship between the various aspects of the place attachment and restorative experience. Finally,regression analysis is used to test the interaction between dimensions.(3) Results——(1)The results show that the place attachment of the respondents to Fuzhou Forest Park can significantly improve restorative experience. The average score of each measurement index is between 4. 59-5. 10,indicating that most tourists have a certain emotional attachment to Fuzhou National Forest Park and have a good restorative experience.(2)Both place attachment and place identity have a positive impact on the four aspects of "distance,extensibility,charm,compatibility" and the overall restorative experience,and there is a clear interaction between indicators.(3) The restorative experience of forest park tourists are more affected by place attachment than that of urban park tourists,and the tourists need to be satisfied with the functions before they can feel relaxed. Among them,place attachment has the most obvious influence on "distance" in restorative experience. The regression coefficient is 0. 62,and the regression coefficient of the place attachment in the regression equation is greater than that of place identity. According to the analysis,unlike urban parks,the restorative experience of forest park tourists is more affected by place attachment.(4)Conclusions and Discussions——We can focus on improving the restorative benefits of forest parks from two aspects: place attachment and place identity. First,considering the dimension of place attachment,we should increase the recreation facilities of forest parks,especially the infrastructure such as street lamps,rest benches,toilets,and navigation facilities. The management should be continuously strengthened to improve the service level of forest parks and enhance the functional attachment of tourists. Forest park managers should focus on the maintenance and update of the corresponding facilities. Second,considering the dimension of place identity,the application of regional landscape elements and the embodiment of historical culture should be emphasized in the reconstruction and renewal of future forest parks. The application of regional landscape elements demonstrates the wisdom of local people and their unique culture,attracting and evoking people' s sense of belonging,thus promoting the place attachment and enabling the tourists to get deeper restorative experience.
引文
[1]国家统计局.中华人民共和国2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2018-02-28)[2018-09-16]. http://www. stats. gov. cn/tjsj/zxfb/201802/t20180228_1585631. html.
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[3] SCANNELL L,GIFFORD R. Defining place attachment:A tripartite organizing framework[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,2010,30(1):1-10.
[4] PROSHANSKY H M. The city and self-identity[J]. Environment&Behavior,1978,10(2):147-169.
[5] MISHRA S,MAZUMDAR S,SUAR D. Place attachment and flood preparedness[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,2010,30(2):187-197.
[6] ROLLERO C,PICCOLI N D. Does place attachment affect social well-being?[J]. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/european Review of Applied Psychology,2010,60(4):233-238.
[7] SONNTAG-STRM E,NORDIN M,LUNDELL Y,et al. Restorative effects of visits to urban and forest environments in patients with exhaustion disorder[J]. Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2014,13(2):344-354.
[8] JO H,RODIEK S,FUJII E,et al. Physiological and psychological response to floral scent[J]. Hortscience A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2013,48(1):82-88.
[9] WILKIE S,CLOUSTON L. Environment preference and environment type congruence:Effects on perceived restoration potential and restoration outcomes[J]. Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2015,14(2):368-376.
[10] LEE K E,WILLIAMS K J H,SARGENT L D,et al. 40-second green roof views sustain attention:The role of microbreaks in attention restoration[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,2015,42:182-189.
[11] NEJATI A,RODIEK S,SHEPLEY M. Using visual simulation to evaluate restorative qualities of access to nature in hospital staff break areas[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2016,148:132-138.
[12] Chang C Y,HAMMITT W E,CHEN P K. Psychophysiological responses and restorative values of natural environments in Taiwan[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2008,85(2):79-84.
[13] JIANG B,CHANG C Y,SULLIVAN W C. A dose of nature:Tree cover,stress reduction,and gender differences[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2014,132:26-36.
[14] LIN Y H,TSAI C C,SULLIVAN W C,et al. Does awareness effect the restorative function and perception of street trees?[J]. Frontiers in Psychology,2014,5(3):906.
[15] WANG X,RODIEK S,WU C,et al. Stress recovery and restorative effects of viewing different urban park scenes in Shanghai,China[J]. Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2016,15:112-122.
[16]陈筝,翟雪倩,叶诗韵,等.恢复性自然环境对城市居民心智健康影响的荟萃分析及规划启示[J].国际城市规划,2016,31(4):16-26.
[17]苏谦,辛自强.恢复性环境研究:理论、方法与进展[J].心理科学进展,2010,18(1):177-184.
[18]谭少华,李进.城市公共绿地的压力释放与精力恢复功能[J].中国园林,2009,25(6):79-82.
[19]徐磊青.恢复性环境、健康和绿色城市主义[J].南方建筑,2016(3):101-107.
[20]黄杰龙,张玲玲,陈贵松,等.森林公园老年志愿者参与意愿的实证分析:以福州国家森林公园为例[J].林业经济问题,2016,36(1):36-39.
[21]朱佳佳,黄秀娟,丁振民.基于CVM方法的福州国家森林公园游憩价值评价[J].林业经济问题,2016,36(5):445-449.
[22]丁振民,黄秀娟,朱佳佳. CVM评价森林景区游憩价值的内容效度检验:以福州国家森林公园为例[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(3):46-50.
[23]赵咪咪,张建国.基于网络文本分析的城郊森林公园形象感知研究:以丽水白云森林公园为例[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(4):51-56.
[24]李培奇,傅云新.生态体育旅游游客行为特征研究:以广州流溪河国家森林公园为例[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(4):57-62.
[25]黄颖瑜,陈秋华,修新田,等.乌金山国家森林公园游客拥挤感知影响因素实证分析[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(5):49-53.
[26]王碧云,修新田,兰思仁.基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的森林公园文化价值评价[J].林业经济,2017(11):35-39.
[27]黄杰龙,幸绣程,王立群.要素投入对中国森林公园旅游经济的贡献分析:基于省级面板数据的实证[J].林业经济问题,2018,38(2):53-59.
[28]古丽扎伯克力.地方依恋量表的修订及其在维族大学生中的应用[A]//华中科技大学. Proceedings of Conference on Psychology and Social Harmony(CPSH2011)[C].武汉:美国科研出版社,2011:7.
[29]陈浩,肖玲.场所依恋量表在城市公园中的测量及其应用[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,47(5):140-146.
[30]刘群阅,尤达,朱里莹,等.游憩者场所依恋与恢复性知觉关系研究:以福州城市公园为例[J].资源科学,2017,39(7):1303-1313.
[31] TARTIG H,KORPELA K,EVANS G W,et al. Validation of a Measure of Perceived Environmental Restorativeness[R].U. S.:School of Public Health,University of California,Berkeley,1996:26(7):1-64.
[32]隋妍妍.在压力条件下特质情绪智力对记忆偏向和注意偏向的影响[D].济南:济南大学,2014:19.
[33] NEJATI A,RODIEK S,SHEPLEY M. Using visual simulation to evaluate restorative qualities of access to nature in hospital staff break areas[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2016,148:132-138.
[34]池丽萍,苏谦.青少年依恋环境的情绪启动和注意恢复功能[J].心理发展与教育,2012,28(5):471-477.
[35] KORPELA K M,HARTIG T,KAISER F G,et al. Restorative experience and self-regulation in favorite places.[J]. Environment and Behavior,2001,33(4):572-589.
[2] LEWICKA M. Place attachment:How far have we come in the last 40 years?[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,2011,31(3):207-230.
[3] SCANNELL L,GIFFORD R. Defining place attachment:A tripartite organizing framework[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,2010,30(1):1-10.
[4] PROSHANSKY H M. The city and self-identity[J]. Environment&Behavior,1978,10(2):147-169.
[5] MISHRA S,MAZUMDAR S,SUAR D. Place attachment and flood preparedness[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,2010,30(2):187-197.
[6] ROLLERO C,PICCOLI N D. Does place attachment affect social well-being?[J]. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/european Review of Applied Psychology,2010,60(4):233-238.
[7] SONNTAG-STRM E,NORDIN M,LUNDELL Y,et al. Restorative effects of visits to urban and forest environments in patients with exhaustion disorder[J]. Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2014,13(2):344-354.
[8] JO H,RODIEK S,FUJII E,et al. Physiological and psychological response to floral scent[J]. Hortscience A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2013,48(1):82-88.
[9] WILKIE S,CLOUSTON L. Environment preference and environment type congruence:Effects on perceived restoration potential and restoration outcomes[J]. Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2015,14(2):368-376.
[10] LEE K E,WILLIAMS K J H,SARGENT L D,et al. 40-second green roof views sustain attention:The role of microbreaks in attention restoration[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,2015,42:182-189.
[11] NEJATI A,RODIEK S,SHEPLEY M. Using visual simulation to evaluate restorative qualities of access to nature in hospital staff break areas[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2016,148:132-138.
[12] Chang C Y,HAMMITT W E,CHEN P K. Psychophysiological responses and restorative values of natural environments in Taiwan[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2008,85(2):79-84.
[13] JIANG B,CHANG C Y,SULLIVAN W C. A dose of nature:Tree cover,stress reduction,and gender differences[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2014,132:26-36.
[14] LIN Y H,TSAI C C,SULLIVAN W C,et al. Does awareness effect the restorative function and perception of street trees?[J]. Frontiers in Psychology,2014,5(3):906.
[15] WANG X,RODIEK S,WU C,et al. Stress recovery and restorative effects of viewing different urban park scenes in Shanghai,China[J]. Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2016,15:112-122.
[16]陈筝,翟雪倩,叶诗韵,等.恢复性自然环境对城市居民心智健康影响的荟萃分析及规划启示[J].国际城市规划,2016,31(4):16-26.
[17]苏谦,辛自强.恢复性环境研究:理论、方法与进展[J].心理科学进展,2010,18(1):177-184.
[18]谭少华,李进.城市公共绿地的压力释放与精力恢复功能[J].中国园林,2009,25(6):79-82.
[19]徐磊青.恢复性环境、健康和绿色城市主义[J].南方建筑,2016(3):101-107.
[20]黄杰龙,张玲玲,陈贵松,等.森林公园老年志愿者参与意愿的实证分析:以福州国家森林公园为例[J].林业经济问题,2016,36(1):36-39.
[21]朱佳佳,黄秀娟,丁振民.基于CVM方法的福州国家森林公园游憩价值评价[J].林业经济问题,2016,36(5):445-449.
[22]丁振民,黄秀娟,朱佳佳. CVM评价森林景区游憩价值的内容效度检验:以福州国家森林公园为例[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(3):46-50.
[23]赵咪咪,张建国.基于网络文本分析的城郊森林公园形象感知研究:以丽水白云森林公园为例[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(4):51-56.
[24]李培奇,傅云新.生态体育旅游游客行为特征研究:以广州流溪河国家森林公园为例[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(4):57-62.
[25]黄颖瑜,陈秋华,修新田,等.乌金山国家森林公园游客拥挤感知影响因素实证分析[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(5):49-53.
[26]王碧云,修新田,兰思仁.基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的森林公园文化价值评价[J].林业经济,2017(11):35-39.
[27]黄杰龙,幸绣程,王立群.要素投入对中国森林公园旅游经济的贡献分析:基于省级面板数据的实证[J].林业经济问题,2018,38(2):53-59.
[28]古丽扎伯克力.地方依恋量表的修订及其在维族大学生中的应用[A]//华中科技大学. Proceedings of Conference on Psychology and Social Harmony(CPSH2011)[C].武汉:美国科研出版社,2011:7.
[29]陈浩,肖玲.场所依恋量表在城市公园中的测量及其应用[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,47(5):140-146.
[30]刘群阅,尤达,朱里莹,等.游憩者场所依恋与恢复性知觉关系研究:以福州城市公园为例[J].资源科学,2017,39(7):1303-1313.
[31] TARTIG H,KORPELA K,EVANS G W,et al. Validation of a Measure of Perceived Environmental Restorativeness[R].U. S.:School of Public Health,University of California,Berkeley,1996:26(7):1-64.
[32]隋妍妍.在压力条件下特质情绪智力对记忆偏向和注意偏向的影响[D].济南:济南大学,2014:19.
[33] NEJATI A,RODIEK S,SHEPLEY M. Using visual simulation to evaluate restorative qualities of access to nature in hospital staff break areas[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2016,148:132-138.
[34]池丽萍,苏谦.青少年依恋环境的情绪启动和注意恢复功能[J].心理发展与教育,2012,28(5):471-477.
[35] KORPELA K M,HARTIG T,KAISER F G,et al. Restorative experience and self-regulation in favorite places.[J]. Environment and Behavior,2001,33(4):572-589.