盐碱地柳树生物能源林专用品种的选育
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摘要
根据江苏沿海盐碱地培育柳树生物能源林的需要,利用前期初选的22个耐盐高生物量灌木柳无性系,通过2a的田间对比试验,依据各无性系的保存率、生物量、低位发热量及折算成的单位面积标准煤产量,筛选出适合在盐碱地生长的柳树生物能源林专用品种,并在轻度、中度和重度含盐立地进行品种稳定性评价。结果表明:在中等含盐立地生长2 a后,22个灌木柳无性系保存率为27.31%—94.93%,盐害指数为0—86.20%,生物量为8.707—39.507 t/(hm~2·a),低位发热量为12 580—14 641 J/g;筛选出的2521等12个优良无性系,平均生物量为21.151—39.507 t/(hm~2·a),折合标准煤产量为10.280—17.388 t/(hm~2·a)。AMMI模型稳定性分析结果表明,这12个无性系在3种立地的稳定性参数Dg值为0.188—3.360,稳定性顺序为2521>苏柳1053>2579>52-2>2352>35-13>2391>50-6>苏柳2345>2381>51-5>51-3。在轻盐立地上栽培的最适品种有51-3,51-5,2381,2521和苏柳1053;在中盐立地上栽培的最适品种有2521,50-6,2391,52-2和2352;在重盐立地上栽培的最适品种有2521,51-5,35-13和50-6,其中2521在3种立地均表现优良;3种立地对柳树无性系的鉴别力以轻盐立地最强,Dj值为4.192,中盐优于重盐立地,Dj值分别为2.516和1.760。
In order to meet the need of breeding willow bio-energy forest in saline-alkali soil in coastal areas of Jiangsu,that22 salt-tolerant and high biomass shrub willow clones selected in early stage were used.After 2 years,field contrast examination,based on survival rate,biomass and low heat value of clones and conversion of standard coal output per unit area,special varieties of willow bio-energy forest suitable for growing in saline-alkali soil were selected,and the variety stability was evaluated in mild,moderate and severe salt-containing sites.The results indicate that in moderate salt-containing site,the survival rate of 22 shrub willow clones in 2 years was 27.31%—94.93%,salt injury index was 0—86.20%,biomass was 8.707—39.507 t/(hm~2·a),low heat value was 12 580—14 641 J/g.Twelve superior clones were selected such as Clone 2 521,with average biomass of 21.151—39.507 t/(hm~2·a),equivalent to 10.280 —17.388 t/(hm~2·a) standard coal output;The results of analysis of AMMI model's stability showed the stability parameter Dg value of 12 clones in 3 different kinds of sites was 0.188—3.360,the stability order was Clone 2521>1053>2579>52-2>2352>35-13>2391>50-6>2345>2381>51-5>51-3,the most suitable varieties for cultivation on mild salt stand were regarded as Clone 51-3,51-5,2381,2521 and Clone 1053,the most suitable varieties for cultivation on moderate salt-containing site were regarded as Clone 2521,50-6,2391,52-2 and 2352,and the most suitable varieties for cultivation on severe salt-containing site wereregarded as Clone 2521,51-5,35-13 and 50-6,Clone 2521 had excellent performance in 3 kinds of sites.The mild saltcontaining site had the highest discriminability of willow clones,with Dj value of 4.192,moderate salt-containing site was better than severe salt-containing site,with Dj value of 2.516 and 1.760.
In order to meet the need of breeding willow bio-energy forest in saline-alkali soil in coastal areas of Jiangsu,that22 salt-tolerant and high biomass shrub willow clones selected in early stage were used.After 2 years,field contrast examination,based on survival rate,biomass and low heat value of clones and conversion of standard coal output per unit area,special varieties of willow bio-energy forest suitable for growing in saline-alkali soil were selected,and the variety stability was evaluated in mild,moderate and severe salt-containing sites.The results indicate that in moderate salt-containing site,the survival rate of 22 shrub willow clones in 2 years was 27.31%—94.93%,salt injury index was 0—86.20%,biomass was 8.707—39.507 t/(hm~2·a),low heat value was 12 580—14 641 J/g.Twelve superior clones were selected such as Clone 2 521,with average biomass of 21.151—39.507 t/(hm~2·a),equivalent to 10.280 —17.388 t/(hm~2·a) standard coal output;The results of analysis of AMMI model's stability showed the stability parameter Dg value of 12 clones in 3 different kinds of sites was 0.188—3.360,the stability order was Clone 2521>1053>2579>52-2>2352>35-13>2391>50-6>2345>2381>51-5>51-3,the most suitable varieties for cultivation on mild salt stand were regarded as Clone 51-3,51-5,2381,2521 and Clone 1053,the most suitable varieties for cultivation on moderate salt-containing site were regarded as Clone 2521,50-6,2391,52-2 and 2352,and the most suitable varieties for cultivation on severe salt-containing site wereregarded as Clone 2521,51-5,35-13 and 50-6,Clone 2521 had excellent performance in 3 kinds of sites.The mild saltcontaining site had the highest discriminability of willow clones,with Dj value of 4.192,moderate salt-containing site was better than severe salt-containing site,with Dj value of 2.516 and 1.760.
引文
[1]崔士友,张蛟,翟彩娇.江苏沿海滩涂快速改良与高效利用研究进展[J].农学学报,2017,7(3):42-46.
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[3]YEMSHANOV D,MCKENNEY D.Fast-growing poplar plantations as a bioenergy supply source for Canada[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2008,32(3):185-197
[4]白卫国,张玲,翟明普.论我国林业生物质能源林培育与发展[J].林业资源管理,2007(2):7-10.
[5]张文辉,何景峰,周赛运.能源柳研究现状与国内引种栽培[J].生物质化学工程,2006,40(B12):38-45.
[6]施士争,潘明建,王保松,等.培育灌木柳生物质能源林的前景[J].江苏林业科技,2006,33(3):1-5.
[7]涂忠虞.柳树育种与栽培[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1982.
[8]李洪.杨柳能源林种植密度和轮伐期试验及其燃烧特性分析[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2009.
[9]SUI D Z,WANG B S,SHI S Z,et al.Change of protein expression during leaves of shrub willow clones in response to salt stress[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2015,37(3):1-15.
[10]施士争,隋德宗,王红玲,等.灌木柳速生无性系的耐盐性选择研究[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(4):72-77.
[11]隋德宗,王保松,施士争,等.盐胁迫对灌木柳无性系幼苗生长及光合作用的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010,27(1):63-68.
[12]隋德宗,王保松,王伟伟.盐胁迫对灌木柳2个无性系渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].江苏林业科技,2014,41(6):1-3.
[13]王伟伟,乔志攀,何旭东,等.灌木柳种质资源的耐盐性变异[J].江苏林业科技,2016,43(6):15-19.
[14]吴为人.对基于AMMI模型的品种稳定性分析方法的一点改进[J].遗传,2000,22(1):31-32.
[15]杨涛,李加纳,唐章林,等.三种评价品种稳定性方法的比较[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(1):28-31.
[16]CHRISRERSSON L,SENNERHY-FORSSE L.Willow and poplar research and plantations in Sweden today[J].Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,1995.
[17]GRANHALL U.Biological fertilization[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,1994,6(1/2):81-91.
[18]KOPP R F,WHITE E H,ABRAHAMSON L P,et al.Cutting cycle and spacing effects on biomass productionby a willow clone in New York[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,1997 12(5):313-319.
[19]LABRECQUE M,TEODORESCU T I.Field performance andbiomass production of12 willow and poplar clones in short-rotation coppice in southern Quebec(Canada)[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2005,29(7):1-9.
[20]康树珍,贾黎明,彭祚登,等.燃料能源林树种选育及培育技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2007,20(3):27-33.
[21]MITCHELL C P,STEVENS EA,WATTERS M P.Short-rotation forestry-operations,productivity and costs based on experience gainsin the UK[J].Forest Ecology andManagement,1999,121(1/2):123-136.
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[23]陈美玲,上官周平.四种园林植物热值与养分特征[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):747-751.
[24]林益明,林鹏,李振基,等.福建武夷山甜槠群落能量的研究[J].植物学报,1996,38(12):989-994.
[25]彭培好,王金锡,胡振宇,等.人工桤柏混交林生态系统的能量特征[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(2):113-118.
[26]LONG F L.Application of calorimetric methods to ecological research[J].Plant Physiology,1934,9(2):323-327.
[27]张英楠,芦静,张启昌,等.9个能源柳无性系的生物量、热值和能量现存量[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(9):55-61.
[28]杨涛,李加纳,唐章林,等.三种评价品种稳定性方法的比较[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(1):28-31.
[29]KEMPTON R A.The use of biplots in interpreting variety byenvironment interactions[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1984,103(1):123-125.
[30]余本勋,张时龙,何友,等.AMMI模型在水稻品种区域试验中的应用[J].现代农业科技,2010(2):45-46.
[31]常磊,柴守玺.AMMI模型在旱地春小麦稳定性分析中的应用[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3677-3684.
[32]曾献英.AMMI模型在棉花区域试验中的应用[J].棉花学报,2004,16(4):233-235.
[33]张锡顺,杨建国,刘旭云,等.双标图在蓖麻区域试验产量分析中的应用[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(5):917-920.
[34]张体德,郑永战,卫双玲,等.全国芝麻区域试验试验点合理性与代表性的评价[J].河南农业科学,2004(1):15-17.
[35]宿飞飞,陈伊里,吕典秋,等.用AMMI模型分析马铃薯淀粉品质性状的稳定性[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(11):18-22.
[36]董云,王毅,漆燕玲,等.应用AMMI模型分析评判甘肃省春油菜区试品种的稳定性和适应性[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(7):74-78.
[37]孙计平,李雪君,吴照辉,等.应用AMMI模型分析烤烟区试品种稳定性[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(19):263-267.
[2]DAS DK,CHATURVEDI OP.Energy dynamics and bioenergy production of Populus deltoides G-3 Marshplantation in eastern India[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2009,33(1):144-148
[3]YEMSHANOV D,MCKENNEY D.Fast-growing poplar plantations as a bioenergy supply source for Canada[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2008,32(3):185-197
[4]白卫国,张玲,翟明普.论我国林业生物质能源林培育与发展[J].林业资源管理,2007(2):7-10.
[5]张文辉,何景峰,周赛运.能源柳研究现状与国内引种栽培[J].生物质化学工程,2006,40(B12):38-45.
[6]施士争,潘明建,王保松,等.培育灌木柳生物质能源林的前景[J].江苏林业科技,2006,33(3):1-5.
[7]涂忠虞.柳树育种与栽培[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1982.
[8]李洪.杨柳能源林种植密度和轮伐期试验及其燃烧特性分析[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2009.
[9]SUI D Z,WANG B S,SHI S Z,et al.Change of protein expression during leaves of shrub willow clones in response to salt stress[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2015,37(3):1-15.
[10]施士争,隋德宗,王红玲,等.灌木柳速生无性系的耐盐性选择研究[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(4):72-77.
[11]隋德宗,王保松,施士争,等.盐胁迫对灌木柳无性系幼苗生长及光合作用的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010,27(1):63-68.
[12]隋德宗,王保松,王伟伟.盐胁迫对灌木柳2个无性系渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].江苏林业科技,2014,41(6):1-3.
[13]王伟伟,乔志攀,何旭东,等.灌木柳种质资源的耐盐性变异[J].江苏林业科技,2016,43(6):15-19.
[14]吴为人.对基于AMMI模型的品种稳定性分析方法的一点改进[J].遗传,2000,22(1):31-32.
[15]杨涛,李加纳,唐章林,等.三种评价品种稳定性方法的比较[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(1):28-31.
[16]CHRISRERSSON L,SENNERHY-FORSSE L.Willow and poplar research and plantations in Sweden today[J].Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,1995.
[17]GRANHALL U.Biological fertilization[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,1994,6(1/2):81-91.
[18]KOPP R F,WHITE E H,ABRAHAMSON L P,et al.Cutting cycle and spacing effects on biomass productionby a willow clone in New York[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,1997 12(5):313-319.
[19]LABRECQUE M,TEODORESCU T I.Field performance andbiomass production of12 willow and poplar clones in short-rotation coppice in southern Quebec(Canada)[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2005,29(7):1-9.
[20]康树珍,贾黎明,彭祚登,等.燃料能源林树种选育及培育技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2007,20(3):27-33.
[21]MITCHELL C P,STEVENS EA,WATTERS M P.Short-rotation forestry-operations,productivity and costs based on experience gainsin the UK[J].Forest Ecology andManagement,1999,121(1/2):123-136.
[22]NEUHAUSEN E F,ABRAHAMSON L P,WHITE E H,et al.Northeastenergy perspective:Willow biomass-bioenergy industrial development[R/OL].Paper to the First Conference of the Short Rotation Woody Crops Operations Working Group,Paducha,Kentucky,23-25 September,1996.http://www.woodycrops.org/paducha/neuhauser.htm.l.
[23]陈美玲,上官周平.四种园林植物热值与养分特征[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):747-751.
[24]林益明,林鹏,李振基,等.福建武夷山甜槠群落能量的研究[J].植物学报,1996,38(12):989-994.
[25]彭培好,王金锡,胡振宇,等.人工桤柏混交林生态系统的能量特征[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(2):113-118.
[26]LONG F L.Application of calorimetric methods to ecological research[J].Plant Physiology,1934,9(2):323-327.
[27]张英楠,芦静,张启昌,等.9个能源柳无性系的生物量、热值和能量现存量[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(9):55-61.
[28]杨涛,李加纳,唐章林,等.三种评价品种稳定性方法的比较[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(1):28-31.
[29]KEMPTON R A.The use of biplots in interpreting variety byenvironment interactions[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1984,103(1):123-125.
[30]余本勋,张时龙,何友,等.AMMI模型在水稻品种区域试验中的应用[J].现代农业科技,2010(2):45-46.
[31]常磊,柴守玺.AMMI模型在旱地春小麦稳定性分析中的应用[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3677-3684.
[32]曾献英.AMMI模型在棉花区域试验中的应用[J].棉花学报,2004,16(4):233-235.
[33]张锡顺,杨建国,刘旭云,等.双标图在蓖麻区域试验产量分析中的应用[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(5):917-920.
[34]张体德,郑永战,卫双玲,等.全国芝麻区域试验试验点合理性与代表性的评价[J].河南农业科学,2004(1):15-17.
[35]宿飞飞,陈伊里,吕典秋,等.用AMMI模型分析马铃薯淀粉品质性状的稳定性[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(11):18-22.
[36]董云,王毅,漆燕玲,等.应用AMMI模型分析评判甘肃省春油菜区试品种的稳定性和适应性[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(7):74-78.
[37]孙计平,李雪君,吴照辉,等.应用AMMI模型分析烤烟区试品种稳定性[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(19):263-267.