转喻指称与转喻思维——《水浒传》人物绰号的认知解读
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摘要
《水浒传》一个非常重要的特点是108将都有绰号,这些绰号的运用既增加人物的感染力,也增加小说的文化厚度,更彰显出水浒英雄的豪侠色彩。本文以转喻理论为分析框架,对《水浒传》108将的绰号进行分析,以映证转喻思维的普遍性。
One of the most typical features in the Outlaws of the Marsh is that 108 heroes each have their own nicknames which highlight the heroes' bravery, vividness, and gallantry, and simultaneously create a massive cultural image. This paper, based on the modern cognitive linguistic theories, within the framework of conceptual metonymy, analyzes the cognitive features of the 108 nicknames to clarify the commonality of metonymic thought.
One of the most typical features in the Outlaws of the Marsh is that 108 heroes each have their own nicknames which highlight the heroes' bravery, vividness, and gallantry, and simultaneously create a massive cultural image. This paper, based on the modern cognitive linguistic theories, within the framework of conceptual metonymy, analyzes the cognitive features of the 108 nicknames to clarify the commonality of metonymic thought.
引文
何爱晶.名动转类的认知理据与外语学习研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2011.‖He,A.-J.The Metonymic Motivation of N—V Conversion and the Lear-ning of the Converted Verbs[M].Beijing:China Social Science Press,2011.
卢卫中.绰号:汉英修辞探析[J].外语研究,2003(2).‖Lu,W.-Z.Nicknames:A Study of Chinese-English Rhetorics[J].Foreign Languages Research,2003(2).
鲁迅.鲁迅全集[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1981.‖Lu,X.Lu Xun's Complete Works[M].Beijing:People's Literature Press,1981.
沈家煊.转喻与转指[J].当代语言学,1999(1).‖Shen,J.-X.A Metonymic Model of Transferred Designation of Deconstructions in Chinese[J].Contemporary Linguistics,1999(1).
施耐庵.水浒传[M].北京:人民文学出版社,2007.‖Shi,N.-A.Outlaws of the Marsh[M].Beijing:People's Literature Press,2007.
束定芳.绰号的认知语言学分析 ——以 《水浒传》中 108将绰号为例[J].外语学刊,2009(2).‖Shu,D.-F.A Cognitive Study of Nicknames of the 108 Heroes in the Outlaws of the Marsh[J].Foreign Language Research,2009(2)
徐盛桓.转喻为什么可能?——“转喻与逻辑”研究之二:“内涵外延传承”说对转喻的解释[J].上海交通大学学报(社会科学版),2008(1).‖Xu,S.-H.Why Metonymy Is Possible—“Metonymy and Logic”:Interpreting Metonymy by Means of “Impartment and Inherence of Connotation and Denotation”[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences),2008(1).
张辉 卢卫中.认知转喻[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2011.‖Zhang,H.,Lu,W.-Z.Cognitive Metonymy[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2011.
Denroche,C.Metonymy and Language:A New Theory of Linguistics Processing[M].New York/London:Routledge,Taylor & Francis Group,2015.
Gibbs,R.W.Speaking and Thinking with Metonymy[A].In:Panther,K.-U.,Radden,G.(Eds.),Metonymy in Language and Thought[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,1999.
Lakoff,G.,Johnson,M.Metaphors We Live By[M].Chicago:Chicago University Press,1980/2003.
Lakoff,G.,Johnson,M.Philosophy in the Flesh — The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought[M].New York:Basic Books,1999.
Langacker,R.W.Cognitive Grammar:An Introduction[M].Stanford:Stanford University Press,2009.
Panther,K.-U.,Thornburg,L.Introduction:On the Nature of Conceptual Metonymy[A].In:Panther,K.-U.,Thornburg,L.(Eds.),Metonymy and Pragmatic In-ferencing[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2003.
Panther,K.-U.,Thornburg,L.The Role of Conceptual Metonymy in Meaning Construction[A].In:Ibanez,R.M.,Cervel,S.P.(Eds.),Cognitive Linguistics:Internal Dynamics and Interdisciplinary Interaction[C].Berlin:Mouton de Gruter,2005.
Radden,G.,Kovecses,Z.Towards a Theory of Metonymy[A].In:Panther,K.-U.,Radden,G.(Eds.),Metonymy in Language and Thought[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,1999.
Taylor,J.Linguistic Categorization[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1995.
卢卫中.绰号:汉英修辞探析[J].外语研究,2003(2).‖Lu,W.-Z.Nicknames:A Study of Chinese-English Rhetorics[J].Foreign Languages Research,2003(2).
鲁迅.鲁迅全集[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1981.‖Lu,X.Lu Xun's Complete Works[M].Beijing:People's Literature Press,1981.
沈家煊.转喻与转指[J].当代语言学,1999(1).‖Shen,J.-X.A Metonymic Model of Transferred Designation of Deconstructions in Chinese[J].Contemporary Linguistics,1999(1).
施耐庵.水浒传[M].北京:人民文学出版社,2007.‖Shi,N.-A.Outlaws of the Marsh[M].Beijing:People's Literature Press,2007.
束定芳.绰号的认知语言学分析 ——以 《水浒传》中 108将绰号为例[J].外语学刊,2009(2).‖Shu,D.-F.A Cognitive Study of Nicknames of the 108 Heroes in the Outlaws of the Marsh[J].Foreign Language Research,2009(2)
徐盛桓.转喻为什么可能?——“转喻与逻辑”研究之二:“内涵外延传承”说对转喻的解释[J].上海交通大学学报(社会科学版),2008(1).‖Xu,S.-H.Why Metonymy Is Possible—“Metonymy and Logic”:Interpreting Metonymy by Means of “Impartment and Inherence of Connotation and Denotation”[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences),2008(1).
张辉 卢卫中.认知转喻[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2011.‖Zhang,H.,Lu,W.-Z.Cognitive Metonymy[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2011.
Denroche,C.Metonymy and Language:A New Theory of Linguistics Processing[M].New York/London:Routledge,Taylor & Francis Group,2015.
Gibbs,R.W.Speaking and Thinking with Metonymy[A].In:Panther,K.-U.,Radden,G.(Eds.),Metonymy in Language and Thought[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,1999.
Lakoff,G.,Johnson,M.Metaphors We Live By[M].Chicago:Chicago University Press,1980/2003.
Lakoff,G.,Johnson,M.Philosophy in the Flesh — The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought[M].New York:Basic Books,1999.
Langacker,R.W.Cognitive Grammar:An Introduction[M].Stanford:Stanford University Press,2009.
Panther,K.-U.,Thornburg,L.Introduction:On the Nature of Conceptual Metonymy[A].In:Panther,K.-U.,Thornburg,L.(Eds.),Metonymy and Pragmatic In-ferencing[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2003.
Panther,K.-U.,Thornburg,L.The Role of Conceptual Metonymy in Meaning Construction[A].In:Ibanez,R.M.,Cervel,S.P.(Eds.),Cognitive Linguistics:Internal Dynamics and Interdisciplinary Interaction[C].Berlin:Mouton de Gruter,2005.
Radden,G.,Kovecses,Z.Towards a Theory of Metonymy[A].In:Panther,K.-U.,Radden,G.(Eds.),Metonymy in Language and Thought[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,1999.
Taylor,J.Linguistic Categorization[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1995.