“有X没X”的类别功能及其词汇化
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摘要
"有X没X"有四类形式,各形式的功能有所不同,梳理各类别"有X没X"句法、结构和语义功能,推断出各类别的词汇化判定条件。通过考察"有X没X"的词汇化过程,找到了"有X没X"各类形式历时层面不同句法表现的依据,并得出"有X没X"中有些语例整合成为习语的机制。
There are four types of "you X mei X". The functions of each form are different. The syntax, structure and semantic functions of each category "you X mei X" are sorted out, and the lexicalization conditions of each category are inferred. By investigating the lexicalization process of "you X mei X", we found the basis of different syntactic expressions in the various forms of "you X mei X", and concluded the mechanism for integrating some words into idioms in "you X mei X".
There are four types of "you X mei X". The functions of each form are different. The syntax, structure and semantic functions of each category "you X mei X" are sorted out, and the lexicalization conditions of each category are inferred. By investigating the lexicalization process of "you X mei X", we found the basis of different syntactic expressions in the various forms of "you X mei X", and concluded the mechanism for integrating some words into idioms in "you X mei X".
引文
[1]吕叔湘.现代汉语八百词[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005:383.
[2]邢福义.“有没有VP”疑问句式[J].华中师范大学学报,1990(1):82-87.
[3]郭中.肯定副词“有”及其问答功能[J].求索,2012(11):122-124.
[4]中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室.现代汉语词典[M].第七版.北京:商务印书馆,2016:1878.
[5]杨炎华.“被+XX”的句法化及其词汇化[J].汉语学习,2013(3):60-68.
[6]董秀芳.词汇化与话语标记的形成[J].世界汉语教学,2007(1):50-61.
[7]李立成.名词化的“没的”和“有的”[J].语言教学与研究,2006(5):37-43.
[8]VISCONTI J.Regularity in semantic change[J].Journal of Pragmatics,2004,36(4):821-826.
[9]RYDER M E.Smoke and mirrors:event patterns in the discourse structure of a romance novel[J].Journal of Pragmatics,1999,31(8):1067-1080.
[10]BRINTON L J,TRAUGOTT E C.Lexicalization and language change:toward an integrated approach to lexicalization and grammaticalization[J].Language,2009:184-186.
[11]NUNBERG G,SAG I A,WASOW T.Idioms[J].Language,1994,70(3):491-538.
[12]GIVóN T.Historical syntax and synchronic morphology:an archaeologist’s field trip[J].Chicago Linguistic Society,1971,7(1):394-415.
[13]陈伟.现代汉语框式结构“有X没X”的构式分析[J].西南石油大学学报:社会科学版,2018,20(5):113-118.
[14]陈伟.构式“有X没X”的认知语义属性[J].牡丹江大学学报,2018,27(3):72-75.
[15]陈伟.修辞构式“有X没X”的显现--从语法构式到修辞构式的演变探索[J].枣庄学院学报,2018,35(4):31-37.
(1)本文注明出处的例句,多数来自北京大学中国语言学研究中心(CCL)语料库、大数据和语言教育研究所(BCC)语料库。还有少数未注明出处的例句为作者根据实际需求而内省形成的句子。
(2)文中“有Np没Np”中的Np既指名词或名词性短语,同时也指人称代词或疑问代词,如:有她没她、有什么没什么等。
(3)判定是否成词的标准,本文按照是否被收录《现代汉语词典》或《国语辞典》。
[2]邢福义.“有没有VP”疑问句式[J].华中师范大学学报,1990(1):82-87.
[3]郭中.肯定副词“有”及其问答功能[J].求索,2012(11):122-124.
[4]中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室.现代汉语词典[M].第七版.北京:商务印书馆,2016:1878.
[5]杨炎华.“被+XX”的句法化及其词汇化[J].汉语学习,2013(3):60-68.
[6]董秀芳.词汇化与话语标记的形成[J].世界汉语教学,2007(1):50-61.
[7]李立成.名词化的“没的”和“有的”[J].语言教学与研究,2006(5):37-43.
[8]VISCONTI J.Regularity in semantic change[J].Journal of Pragmatics,2004,36(4):821-826.
[9]RYDER M E.Smoke and mirrors:event patterns in the discourse structure of a romance novel[J].Journal of Pragmatics,1999,31(8):1067-1080.
[10]BRINTON L J,TRAUGOTT E C.Lexicalization and language change:toward an integrated approach to lexicalization and grammaticalization[J].Language,2009:184-186.
[11]NUNBERG G,SAG I A,WASOW T.Idioms[J].Language,1994,70(3):491-538.
[12]GIVóN T.Historical syntax and synchronic morphology:an archaeologist’s field trip[J].Chicago Linguistic Society,1971,7(1):394-415.
[13]陈伟.现代汉语框式结构“有X没X”的构式分析[J].西南石油大学学报:社会科学版,2018,20(5):113-118.
[14]陈伟.构式“有X没X”的认知语义属性[J].牡丹江大学学报,2018,27(3):72-75.
[15]陈伟.修辞构式“有X没X”的显现--从语法构式到修辞构式的演变探索[J].枣庄学院学报,2018,35(4):31-37.
(1)本文注明出处的例句,多数来自北京大学中国语言学研究中心(CCL)语料库、大数据和语言教育研究所(BCC)语料库。还有少数未注明出处的例句为作者根据实际需求而内省形成的句子。
(2)文中“有Np没Np”中的Np既指名词或名词性短语,同时也指人称代词或疑问代词,如:有她没她、有什么没什么等。
(3)判定是否成词的标准,本文按照是否被收录《现代汉语词典》或《国语辞典》。