采动影响下断层面离层空间产生及其对开采空间传递作用分析
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摘要
当工作面上覆岩层中含有断层时,地表下沉规律与不含断层时具有显著差别。为了研究断层对开采空间传递的作用,利用空间守恒,通过理论推导发现工作面开采会使断层面产生离层空间,断层对开采空间传递具有增大效应并利用数值模拟进行了验证。研究结果表明:增大的开采沉陷空间主要来自于断层面离层空间;关键层下部软弱岩层在断层面的离层空间主要来自于采空区垮落岩石的再次压缩;关键层及上部岩层在断层面的离层空间主要来自于关键层与下部软弱岩层之间离层空间的减小;影响断层面离层空间大小的因素主要有工作面推进长度、基岩厚度、保护煤柱宽度、煤层厚度、断层倾角等,并且断层倾角与主要影响角的大小关系决定了断层面离层空间的产生。
When fault exists in overburden strata,the earth-surface subsidence laws would be greatly different from the laws without faults.To study the effect of fault on mining zone transferring,the principle of spatial conservation and numerical simulation were utilized to find that there is fault separation space and the earth-surface subsidence zone would be greater based on theoretical derivation. The results showed that the increased subsidence zone is mainly from the fault separation space and the space below key-strata is from broken rocks being compressed again,while the space above key strata was mainly from the decrease of bed-separation.At the same time,the influence factors of fault separation are mining length,bedrock height,protecting coal pillar width,mining height and fault dip.Also,the occurrence of fault separation is decided by the relationship between fault dip and main influence angle.The research result is of significance for studying the earth-surface subsidence laws when there are faults in overburden rock and improving the precision of subsidence prediction.
When fault exists in overburden strata,the earth-surface subsidence laws would be greatly different from the laws without faults.To study the effect of fault on mining zone transferring,the principle of spatial conservation and numerical simulation were utilized to find that there is fault separation space and the earth-surface subsidence zone would be greater based on theoretical derivation. The results showed that the increased subsidence zone is mainly from the fault separation space and the space below key-strata is from broken rocks being compressed again,while the space above key strata was mainly from the decrease of bed-separation.At the same time,the influence factors of fault separation are mining length,bedrock height,protecting coal pillar width,mining height and fault dip.Also,the occurrence of fault separation is decided by the relationship between fault dip and main influence angle.The research result is of significance for studying the earth-surface subsidence laws when there are faults in overburden rock and improving the precision of subsidence prediction.
引文
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[15]顾伟,谭志祥,邓喀中.基于双重介质力学耦合相关的沉陷模型研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(4):589-594.GU Wei,TAN Zhixiang,DENG Kazhong.Study on subsidence model based on dual media related with mechanical coupling[J].Journal of Ming&Safety Engineering,2013,30(4):589-594.
[16]于秋鸽,郭文兵.地下非充分采动对地表民房的影响范围研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(7):191-195.YU Qiuge,GUO Wenbing.Study on sphere of subcritical mining influence to buildings[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(7):191-195.
[17]于秋鸽,张华兴,邓伟男,等.基于关键层理论的地表偏态下沉影响因素分析[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(5):1322-1327.YU Qiuge,ZHANG Huaxing,DENG Weinan,et al. Analysis of influencing factors of surface skewed subsidence based on key strata theory[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(5):1322-1327.
[18]王作棠,钱鸣高.老顶初次来压步距的计算预测法[J].中国矿业大学学报,1989,18(2):9-18.WANG Zuotang,QIAN Minggao.The calculating method of the first weighting span of main roof[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,1989,18(2):9-18.
[19]王明洋,赵跃堂,钱七虎.缓倾角断裂隔震效应的机理及定量研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):60-64.WANG Mingyang,ZHAO Yuetang,QIAN Qihu. Studies on mechanism and quantization of isolation effect of slow angle fault[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanic and Engineering,1999,18(1):60-64.
[20]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[21]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[22]钱鸣高,缪协兴,何富连.采场“砌体梁”结构的关键块分析[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(6):557-563.QIAN Minggao,MIU Xiexing,HE Fulian. Analysis of key block in the structure of voussoir beam in longwall mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(6):557-563.
[23]张玉卓,仲惟林,姚建国.断层影响下地表移动规律的统计和数值模拟研究[J].煤炭学报,1989,14(1):23-31.ZHANG Yuzhuo,ZHONG Weilin,YAO Jianguo. Study on surface movement influenced by faults using method of statistics and numerical simulation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1989,14(1):23-31.
[2]刘艳琼.活动断层的地震地表永久位移研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2013.LIU Yanqiong. Study on surface permanent displacement of active faults[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2013.
[3]刘峰.基于GIS技术的断层地震性分析[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2010.LIU Feng.Seismicity analysis of faults based on the GIS method[D].Beijing:Institute of Eeology,China Earthquake Administration,2010.
[4]姜耀东,王涛,陈涛,等.“两硬”条件正断层影响下的冲击地压发生规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(S2):3712-3718.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Tao,CHEN Tao,et al. Features of coal bumps influenced by normal faults in coal mining with hard roof and hard coal[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(S2):3712-3718.
[5]李志华,窦林名,曹安业,等.采动影响下断层滑移诱发煤岩冲击机理[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(S1):68-73.LI Zhihua,DOU Linming,CAO Anye,et al. Mechanism of fault slip induced rockburst during mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S1):68-73.
[6]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击地压发生的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):642-649.PAN Yishan,WANG Laigui,ZHANG Mengtao,et al. The theoretical and testing study of fault rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):642-649.
[7]郭文兵.断层影响下地表裂缝发育范围及特征分析[J].矿业安全与环保,2000,27(2):25-27.GUO Wenbing.Analysis of earth-surface crack scope and characters influenced by faults[J].Mining Safety&Environmental Protection,2000,27(2):25-27.
[8]戴华阳,王金庄,胡友健.层间弱面引起地表非连续变形的机理分析[J].矿山测量,1999,2(2):29-31.DAI Huayang,WANG Jinzhuang,HU Youjian. Analysis on mechansim of discontinuous ground deformation induced by presence of interlayer eak plane[J].Mine Surveying,1999,2(2):29-31.
[9]郭文兵,邓喀中,白云峰.受断层影响地表移动规律的研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2002,21(6):713-715.GUO Wenbing,DENG Kazhong,BAI Yunfeng. Study on laws of ground surface movements influenced by faults[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2002,21(6):713-715.
[10]吴侃,葛家新,王铃丁,等.开采沉陷预计一体化方法[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1998.
[11]煤炭科学研究院北京开采研究所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.
[12]张华兴,仲惟林.受断层影响的地表移动计算[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(2):163-166.ZHANG Huaxing,ZHONG Weilin.Calculation of surface movement induced by fault[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,1995,20(2):163-166.
[13]吴侃,蔡来良,陈冉丽.断层影响下开采沉陷预计研究[J].湖南科技大学学报,自然科学版,2008,23(4):10-13.WU Kan,CAI Lailiang,CHEN Ranli.Study of mining subsidence pr ediction with the influence of fault[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science&Technology(Natural Science Edition),2008,23(4):10-13.
[14]郭文兵.煤矿开采损害与保护[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2013.
[15]顾伟,谭志祥,邓喀中.基于双重介质力学耦合相关的沉陷模型研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(4):589-594.GU Wei,TAN Zhixiang,DENG Kazhong.Study on subsidence model based on dual media related with mechanical coupling[J].Journal of Ming&Safety Engineering,2013,30(4):589-594.
[16]于秋鸽,郭文兵.地下非充分采动对地表民房的影响范围研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(7):191-195.YU Qiuge,GUO Wenbing.Study on sphere of subcritical mining influence to buildings[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(7):191-195.
[17]于秋鸽,张华兴,邓伟男,等.基于关键层理论的地表偏态下沉影响因素分析[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(5):1322-1327.YU Qiuge,ZHANG Huaxing,DENG Weinan,et al. Analysis of influencing factors of surface skewed subsidence based on key strata theory[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(5):1322-1327.
[18]王作棠,钱鸣高.老顶初次来压步距的计算预测法[J].中国矿业大学学报,1989,18(2):9-18.WANG Zuotang,QIAN Minggao.The calculating method of the first weighting span of main roof[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,1989,18(2):9-18.
[19]王明洋,赵跃堂,钱七虎.缓倾角断裂隔震效应的机理及定量研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):60-64.WANG Mingyang,ZHAO Yuetang,QIAN Qihu. Studies on mechanism and quantization of isolation effect of slow angle fault[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanic and Engineering,1999,18(1):60-64.
[20]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[21]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[22]钱鸣高,缪协兴,何富连.采场“砌体梁”结构的关键块分析[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(6):557-563.QIAN Minggao,MIU Xiexing,HE Fulian. Analysis of key block in the structure of voussoir beam in longwall mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(6):557-563.
[23]张玉卓,仲惟林,姚建国.断层影响下地表移动规律的统计和数值模拟研究[J].煤炭学报,1989,14(1):23-31.ZHANG Yuzhuo,ZHONG Weilin,YAO Jianguo. Study on surface movement influenced by faults using method of statistics and numerical simulation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1989,14(1):23-31.