基于全程营养解决方案防治大蒜连作障碍问题的研究
|
摘要
采用大田试验方法,研究全程营养解决方案对大蒜长势、根系数量、感病率、抽薹率、倒伏率、蒜薹和蒜头产量以及经济效益的影响。结果表明:与2种习惯施肥相比,全程营养解决方案明显提高了返青期和蒜薹伸长期大蒜的株高、茎粗、叶长和叶宽,显著增加了大蒜根系数量;蒜薹抽薹率显著提高了23～26个百分点;倒伏率显著降低了30个百分点;叶枯病和根腐病的发病率均显著降低。全程营养解决方案蒜薹和蒜头产量分别为192kg·(667m~2)~(-1)和1537kg·(667m~2)~(-1),每667m~2净收入增加495～581元。表明全程营养解决方案可以促进大蒜生长,减少病害发生,实现增产增收,适宜在山东金乡地区推广。
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of garlic whole-process nutrition solution on garlic growth,root number,disease index,bolting rate,lodging rate,yield of garlic stem and garlic head,and economic effectiveness.The results showed that compared with 2 idiomatic fertilization methods,the wholeprocess nutrition solution increased the number of roots significantly,improved the plant height,stem diameter,leaf length and width of garlic in green and extension periods.The garlic bolting rate was significantly increased by 23-26 percentage points.The lodging rate decreased by 30 percentage points.The disease index of leaf blight and root rot was significantly reduced.The production of garlic stem and garlic head by whole-process nutrition solution were 2.88 t·hm~(-2) and 23.06 t·hm~(-2),respectively.The net revenue increased by 7 428-8 724 yuan·hm~(-2),indicating the whole-process nutrition solution can promote garlic growth,reduce disease occurrence,increase yield and income,and is suitable to be popularized in Jinxiang region.
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of garlic whole-process nutrition solution on garlic growth,root number,disease index,bolting rate,lodging rate,yield of garlic stem and garlic head,and economic effectiveness.The results showed that compared with 2 idiomatic fertilization methods,the wholeprocess nutrition solution increased the number of roots significantly,improved the plant height,stem diameter,leaf length and width of garlic in green and extension periods.The garlic bolting rate was significantly increased by 23-26 percentage points.The lodging rate decreased by 30 percentage points.The disease index of leaf blight and root rot was significantly reduced.The production of garlic stem and garlic head by whole-process nutrition solution were 2.88 t·hm~(-2) and 23.06 t·hm~(-2),respectively.The net revenue increased by 7 428-8 724 yuan·hm~(-2),indicating the whole-process nutrition solution can promote garlic growth,reduce disease occurrence,increase yield and income,and is suitable to be popularized in Jinxiang region.
引文
侯红乾,冀建华,刘益仁,黄永兰,冯兆滨,刘秀梅,胡兆平,韦礼和,王子君.2018.缓/控释肥对双季稻产量、氮素吸收和平衡的影响.土壤,50(1):43-50.
金诚谦,袁文胜,吴崇友,张敏.2008.大蒜播种时鳞芽朝向对大蒜生长发育影响的试验研究.农业工程学报,24(4):155-158.
刘素慧,刘世琦,张自坤,尉辉,齐建建,段吉锋.2010.大蒜连作对其根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响.中国农业科学,43(5):1000-1006.
刘素慧.2011.大蒜连作障碍形成机理及EM缓解效应的研究[博士论文].泰安:山东农业大学.
齐建建,刘世琦,张自坤,尉辉,段吉锋,陈昆,张民.2009.控释掺混肥对大蒜鳞茎产量、品质和氮素利用率的影响.中国蔬菜,(8):42-47.
邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,孙慧敏,和文祥.2004.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究.植物营养与肥料学报,10(3):277-280.
孙权,陈茹,宋乃平,王青凤,王锐.2010.宁南黄土丘陵区马铃薯连作土壤养分、酶活性和微生物区系的演变.水土保持学报,24(6):208-212.
王桂华,李艳,王爱玲,高风真,邱金华.2010.复合微生物肥及PGPR菌剂对大蒜重茬病的防效研究.中国园艺文摘,26(5):21-22.
王立河,贾云超,王俊忠,葛树春,王喜枝,田春丽.2015.营养平衡调节对缓解大蒜连作障碍的研究.北方园艺,(21):167-172.
王玫,张红.2018.生物炭配施有机肥可改善土壤环境并减轻苹果连作障碍.植物营养与肥料学报,24(1):220-227.
王应君,王淑珍.2007.豫东潮土地区大蒜喷施微量元素肥料效果试验.中国土壤与肥料,(1):54-55.
尉辉.2011.大蒜连作障碍的主要表现及EM菌剂调节的研究[硕士论文].泰安:山东农业大学.
杨凤娟,刘世琦,王秀峰,蒲高斌,臧金波.2006.矿质营养和有机质对大蒜鳞茎鲜重及大蒜素含量的影响.山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,37(3):405-408.
杨晓辉,李峰.2013.一种高效抗重茬生物有机肥料及制备方法.中国:CN102942389A.
尹彦舒,崔曼,崔伟国,高淼.2018.大蒜连作障碍形成机理的研究进展.生物资源,(2):141-147.
张博.2008.山东省大蒜腐霉根腐病初步研究[硕士论文].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.
张梦琦,陈云云,张熙,邓辉,孙建光,高淼,卜宁.2017.多功能植物根际促生菌DD3的功能特性及对大蒜幼苗的促生效果.植物营养与肥料学报,23(3):748-756.
赵营,赵天成,王世荣.2015.缓/控释肥在土壤中的氮素释放特征及其对春玉米氮吸收的影响.中国农学通报,31(17):163-168.
Berendsen R,Pieterse C M J,Bakker P A H M.2012.The rhizosphere microbiome and plant health.Trends in Plant Science,17(8):478-486.
Qiu M,Li S,Zhou X,Cui X,Vivanco J,Zhang N,Shen Q,Zhang R.2014.De-coupling of root-microbiome associations followed by antagonist inoculation improves rhizosphere soil suppressiveness.Biology&Fertility of Soils,50(2):217-224.
金诚谦,袁文胜,吴崇友,张敏.2008.大蒜播种时鳞芽朝向对大蒜生长发育影响的试验研究.农业工程学报,24(4):155-158.
刘素慧,刘世琦,张自坤,尉辉,齐建建,段吉锋.2010.大蒜连作对其根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响.中国农业科学,43(5):1000-1006.
刘素慧.2011.大蒜连作障碍形成机理及EM缓解效应的研究[博士论文].泰安:山东农业大学.
齐建建,刘世琦,张自坤,尉辉,段吉锋,陈昆,张民.2009.控释掺混肥对大蒜鳞茎产量、品质和氮素利用率的影响.中国蔬菜,(8):42-47.
邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,孙慧敏,和文祥.2004.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究.植物营养与肥料学报,10(3):277-280.
孙权,陈茹,宋乃平,王青凤,王锐.2010.宁南黄土丘陵区马铃薯连作土壤养分、酶活性和微生物区系的演变.水土保持学报,24(6):208-212.
王桂华,李艳,王爱玲,高风真,邱金华.2010.复合微生物肥及PGPR菌剂对大蒜重茬病的防效研究.中国园艺文摘,26(5):21-22.
王立河,贾云超,王俊忠,葛树春,王喜枝,田春丽.2015.营养平衡调节对缓解大蒜连作障碍的研究.北方园艺,(21):167-172.
王玫,张红.2018.生物炭配施有机肥可改善土壤环境并减轻苹果连作障碍.植物营养与肥料学报,24(1):220-227.
王应君,王淑珍.2007.豫东潮土地区大蒜喷施微量元素肥料效果试验.中国土壤与肥料,(1):54-55.
尉辉.2011.大蒜连作障碍的主要表现及EM菌剂调节的研究[硕士论文].泰安:山东农业大学.
杨凤娟,刘世琦,王秀峰,蒲高斌,臧金波.2006.矿质营养和有机质对大蒜鳞茎鲜重及大蒜素含量的影响.山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,37(3):405-408.
杨晓辉,李峰.2013.一种高效抗重茬生物有机肥料及制备方法.中国:CN102942389A.
尹彦舒,崔曼,崔伟国,高淼.2018.大蒜连作障碍形成机理的研究进展.生物资源,(2):141-147.
张博.2008.山东省大蒜腐霉根腐病初步研究[硕士论文].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.
张梦琦,陈云云,张熙,邓辉,孙建光,高淼,卜宁.2017.多功能植物根际促生菌DD3的功能特性及对大蒜幼苗的促生效果.植物营养与肥料学报,23(3):748-756.
赵营,赵天成,王世荣.2015.缓/控释肥在土壤中的氮素释放特征及其对春玉米氮吸收的影响.中国农学通报,31(17):163-168.
Berendsen R,Pieterse C M J,Bakker P A H M.2012.The rhizosphere microbiome and plant health.Trends in Plant Science,17(8):478-486.
Qiu M,Li S,Zhou X,Cui X,Vivanco J,Zhang N,Shen Q,Zhang R.2014.De-coupling of root-microbiome associations followed by antagonist inoculation improves rhizosphere soil suppressiveness.Biology&Fertility of Soils,50(2):217-224.