高温变温环境下喷射混凝土–岩石界面剪切特性及温度损伤模型研究
|
摘要
高岩温隧道修建过程中,喷射混凝土结构实际上是在高温变温环境下水化成型并发挥支护作用。基于隧道内实测环境参数及初支混凝土温度数据,开展混凝土–岩石界面剪切力学特性试验。根据试验结果,探明隧道内初期支护混凝土的温变周期,对比分析试样剪切破坏模式、界面剪切强度、位移在不同变温条件下的发展特征。通过讨论剪切变形曲线特点,建立考虑温度损伤效应的岩石–混凝土界面剪切本构模型。结果表明:初支混凝土在5～7 d可降至洞内环境温度。随着初始养护温度的升高,剪切曲线峰前弹性增长,压密硬化及峰后弹性软化规律明显。剪切破坏模式主要为胶结面及混合剪切破坏2种。峰值剪切应力与养护温度呈负增长函数关系,峰值剪切位移与养护温度呈正增长函数关系,且法向应力水平的增加对于温度引起的力学特性损伤有一定的削弱作用。基于室内剪切力学特性试验成果,建立考虑温度损伤及法向应力修正的岩石–混凝土界面剪切本构模型。通过计算曲线与试验曲线的对比验证,表明两者拟合度较高,该本构模型可以适用于分析不同程度高温损伤下的混凝土–岩石界面剪切力学特性。研究结论可以为受高温影响的隧道及地下工程支护设计和分析提供一定理论支撑。
Shotcrete structures of geothermal tunnels are molded by hydration action under variable high temperatures and play a supporting role. Based on environment parameters in the tunnel and temperatures of the initial support,shear tests of concrete-rock interfaces were carried out. According to the experimental results,the temperature change period of the initial support concrete was ascertained. The shear failure mode, the interface peak shear strength and the displacement were analyzed under different temperatures,and a concrete interface shear constitutive model of concrete-rock interfaces considering temperature damage effect was proposed. The results show that the temperature of the initial shotcrete declines to the environment temperature in the tunnel within 5–7 days. With the increase of the initial curing temperature,the shear curve shows elasticity before the peak,and compaction hardening and elastic softening after the peak. The peak shear stress is a negative growth function of the curing temperature,but the peak shear displacement has a positive relationship with the curing temperature. The normal stress has a weakening effect on the temperature damage characteristics. Based on the indoor shear test results,a rock-concrete interface shear constitutive model considering temperature damage and normal stress correction was established. Comparisons between the theory curves and the experimental curves were performed and a good agreement was observed. The constitutive model can be applied to the analysis of the shear-mechanical properties of the concrete-rock interfaces with different degrees of high-temperature damage and can provide some support for the design and analysis of tunnels and underground engineering affected by high temperatures.
Shotcrete structures of geothermal tunnels are molded by hydration action under variable high temperatures and play a supporting role. Based on environment parameters in the tunnel and temperatures of the initial support,shear tests of concrete-rock interfaces were carried out. According to the experimental results,the temperature change period of the initial support concrete was ascertained. The shear failure mode, the interface peak shear strength and the displacement were analyzed under different temperatures,and a concrete interface shear constitutive model of concrete-rock interfaces considering temperature damage effect was proposed. The results show that the temperature of the initial shotcrete declines to the environment temperature in the tunnel within 5–7 days. With the increase of the initial curing temperature,the shear curve shows elasticity before the peak,and compaction hardening and elastic softening after the peak. The peak shear stress is a negative growth function of the curing temperature,but the peak shear displacement has a positive relationship with the curing temperature. The normal stress has a weakening effect on the temperature damage characteristics. Based on the indoor shear test results,a rock-concrete interface shear constitutive model considering temperature damage and normal stress correction was established. Comparisons between the theory curves and the experimental curves were performed and a good agreement was observed. The constitutive model can be applied to the analysis of the shear-mechanical properties of the concrete-rock interfaces with different degrees of high-temperature damage and can provide some support for the design and analysis of tunnels and underground engineering affected by high temperatures.
引文
[1]李向辉,汪健,段宇.高地温隧洞对喷射混凝土性能影响的研究[J].河北工程大学学报:自然科学版,2014,31(4):17-20.(LIXianghui,WANG Jian,DUAN Yu.Research on the effects of high temperature tunnel of sprayed concrete performance[J].Journal of Hebei University of Engineering:Natural Science,2014,31(4):17-20.(in Chinese))
[2]王明年,童建军,刘大刚,等.高岩温铁路隧道支护结构体系分级研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(11):119-125.(WANG Mingnian,TONG Jianjun,LIU Dagang,et al.Study on support structure system classification of railway tunnel with high rock temperature[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(11):119-125.(in Chinese))
[3]崔圣爱,李江渭,叶跃忠,等.高地温隧道干热环境中喷射混凝土与岩石黏结强度[J].建筑材料学报,2013,16(4):663-666.(CUIShengai,LI Jiangwei,YE Yuezhong,et al.Bond strengthof shotcrete with rock in dry and hot environment of high ground temperature tunnel[J].Journal of Building Materials,2013,16(4):663-666.(in Chinese))
[4]SEIDEL J P,HABERFIELD C M.A theoretical model for rock joints subjected to constant normal stiffness direct shear[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Sciences,2002,39(5):539-553.
[5]SEIDEL J P,HABERFIELD C M.Laboratory testing of concrete-rock joints in constant normal stiffness direct shear[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,2002,25(4):391-404.
[6]谢和平,陈忠辉,周宏伟,等.基于工程体与地质体相互作用的两体力学模型初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):1 457-1 464.(XIE Heping,CHEN Zhonghui,ZHOU Hongwei,et al.Study in two body mechanical model based on interaction between structural body and geo-body[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(9):1 457-1 464.(in Chinese))
[7]林伟平,田开圣,曾广平.混凝土与基岩胶结面抗剪强度的主要因素研究[J1].水利学报,1985,(10):8-17.(LIN Weiping,TIANKaisheng,ZENG Guangping.Study on main factors influencing shear strength of concrete-rock interface[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1985,(10):8-17.(in Chinese))
[8]张传庆,崔国建,周辉,等.锚杆杆体-砂浆界面剪切力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(4):820-828.(ZHANG Chuanqing,CUI Guojian,ZHOU Hui,et al.Experimental study on shear and deformation characteristics of the rod-grout interface[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(4):820-828.(in Chinese))
[9]GOODMAN R E,TAYLOR R L,BREKKE T L.A model for the mechanics of jointed rock[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,American Society of Civil Engineering,1968,94(SM3):638-659.
[10]DESAI C S,RIGBY D B.Cyclic interface and joint shear decive including pore pressure effects[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,1997,123(6):568.
[11]张冬霁,卢廷浩.一种土与结构接触面模型的建立及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(6):62-66.(ZHANG Dongqi,LU Tinghao.Establishment and application of a interface model between soil and structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(6):62-66.(in Chinese))
[12]CLOUGH G W,DUNCAN J M.Finite element analysis of retaining wall behavior[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1971,97(12):1 657-1 672.
[13]GHABOUSSI J,WILSON E L,ISENBERG J.Finite element for rock joints and interfaces[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1973,99(12):833-848.
[14]BEKKER M G.Theory of land locomotion[M].Ann Arbor,Michigan,USA:University of Michigan Press,1956:103-116.
[15]WONG J Y.Terramechanics and off-road vehicles[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Science publishers B V,1989:55-81.
[16]SCHULTE E,HANDSCHUH R,SCHWARZ W.Ttansferability of soil mechanical parameters to traction potential calculation of a tracked vehicle[C]//The fifth Ocean Mining Symposium.Tsukuba:The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,2003:132-138.
[17]朱珍德,邢福东,渠文平,等.岩石-混凝土两相介质胶结面抗剪强度分形描述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):2 910-2 917.(ZHU Zhende,XING Fudong,QU Wenping,et al.Fractal description of Shear Strength of Cementation Plane between Rock and Concrete[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.1):2 910-2 917.(in Chinese))
[18]曹文贵,赵明华,刘成学.基于Weibull分布的岩石损伤软化模型及其修正方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004(19):3 226-3 231.(CAO Wengui,ZHAO Minghua,LIU Chengxue.Study on the model and its modifying method for rock softening and damage based on Weibull random distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3 226-3 231.(in Chinese))
[19]曹文贵,莫瑞,李翔.基于正态分布的岩石软硬化损伤统计本构模型及其参数确定方法探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2007,39(5):671-675.(CAO Wengui,MO Rui,LI Xiang.Study on statistical constitutive model and determination of parameters of rock based on normal distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,39(5):671-675.(in Chinese))
[20]刘齐建,杨林德,曹文贵.岩石统计损伤本构模型及其参数反演[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1 148-1 154.(LIU Qijian,YANGLinde,CAO Wengui.Statistical damage constitutive model for rock and back analysis of its parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1 148-1 154.(in Chinese))
[21]曹文贵,王江营,翟友成,等.深海沉积物剪切变形过程模拟的统计损伤方法[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(6):940-944.(CAOWengui,WANG Jiangying,ZHAI Youcheng,et al.Statistical damage method for simulation of shear deformation process of deep-sea sediments[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,33(6):940-944.(in Chinese))
[22]何本国,朱永全,孙明磊,等.高速铁路膏溶角砾岩深埋隧道支护荷载确定方法[J].岩土力学,2013,34(3):827-832.(HE Benguo,ZHU Yongquan,SUN Minglei,et al.Method for determining supporting load of deep tunnel on high-speed railway in gypsum breccia stratum[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(3):827-832.(in Chinese))
[23]李鹏飞,赵勇,张顶立,等.基于现场实测数据统计的隧道围岩压力分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1 392-1 399.(LI Pengfei,ZHAO Yong,ZHANG Dingli,WU Dong.Studyof distribution laws of tunnel surrounding rock pressure based on field measured data statistics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7):1 392-1 399.(in Chinese))
[24]刘学增,叶康.山岭公路隧道围岩压力统计规律分析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(6):890-895.(LIU Xuezeng,YE Kang.Statistical analysis of surrounding rock pressure of mountain road tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(6):890-895.(in Chinese))
[25]王明年,唐兴华,吴秋军,等.高岩温隧道围岩-支护结构温度场演化规律[J].铁道学报,2016,38(11):126-131.(WANG Mingnian,TANG Xinghua,WU Qiujun,et al.Tempeature field variation rules of rock and support structure in high rock temperature tunnel[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2016,38(11):126-131.(in Chinese))
[26]阎培渝,崔强.养护制度对高强混凝土强度发展规律的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2015,43(2):133-137.(YAN Peiyu,CUI Qiang.Effects of curing regimes on strength development of high-strength concrete[J].Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society,2015,43(2):133-137.(in Chinese))
[27]范利丹,李培涛,余永强,等.养护温度对喷射混凝土性能影响的试验研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(10):3 487-3 492.(FAN Lidan,LI Peitao,YU Yongqiang,et al.Experimental study on the effect of curing temperature on shotcrete properties[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2017,36(10):3 487-3 492.(in Chinese))
[28]杨明辉,赵明华,曹文贵.岩石损伤软化统计本构模型参数的确定方法[J].水利学报,2005,36(3):345-349.(YANG Minghui,ZHAOMinghua,CAO Wengui.Method for determining the parameters of statistical damage softening constitutive model for rock[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(3):345-349.(in Chinese))
[29]曹文贵,李翔.岩石损伤软化统计本构模型及参数确定方法的新探讨[J].岩土力学,2008,29(11):2 952-2 956.(CAO Wengui,LI Xiang.A new discussion on damage softening statistical constitutive model for rocks and method for determining its parameters[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(11):2 952-2 956.(in Chinese))
[2]王明年,童建军,刘大刚,等.高岩温铁路隧道支护结构体系分级研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(11):119-125.(WANG Mingnian,TONG Jianjun,LIU Dagang,et al.Study on support structure system classification of railway tunnel with high rock temperature[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(11):119-125.(in Chinese))
[3]崔圣爱,李江渭,叶跃忠,等.高地温隧道干热环境中喷射混凝土与岩石黏结强度[J].建筑材料学报,2013,16(4):663-666.(CUIShengai,LI Jiangwei,YE Yuezhong,et al.Bond strengthof shotcrete with rock in dry and hot environment of high ground temperature tunnel[J].Journal of Building Materials,2013,16(4):663-666.(in Chinese))
[4]SEIDEL J P,HABERFIELD C M.A theoretical model for rock joints subjected to constant normal stiffness direct shear[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Sciences,2002,39(5):539-553.
[5]SEIDEL J P,HABERFIELD C M.Laboratory testing of concrete-rock joints in constant normal stiffness direct shear[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,2002,25(4):391-404.
[6]谢和平,陈忠辉,周宏伟,等.基于工程体与地质体相互作用的两体力学模型初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):1 457-1 464.(XIE Heping,CHEN Zhonghui,ZHOU Hongwei,et al.Study in two body mechanical model based on interaction between structural body and geo-body[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(9):1 457-1 464.(in Chinese))
[7]林伟平,田开圣,曾广平.混凝土与基岩胶结面抗剪强度的主要因素研究[J1].水利学报,1985,(10):8-17.(LIN Weiping,TIANKaisheng,ZENG Guangping.Study on main factors influencing shear strength of concrete-rock interface[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1985,(10):8-17.(in Chinese))
[8]张传庆,崔国建,周辉,等.锚杆杆体-砂浆界面剪切力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(4):820-828.(ZHANG Chuanqing,CUI Guojian,ZHOU Hui,et al.Experimental study on shear and deformation characteristics of the rod-grout interface[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(4):820-828.(in Chinese))
[9]GOODMAN R E,TAYLOR R L,BREKKE T L.A model for the mechanics of jointed rock[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,American Society of Civil Engineering,1968,94(SM3):638-659.
[10]DESAI C S,RIGBY D B.Cyclic interface and joint shear decive including pore pressure effects[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,1997,123(6):568.
[11]张冬霁,卢廷浩.一种土与结构接触面模型的建立及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(6):62-66.(ZHANG Dongqi,LU Tinghao.Establishment and application of a interface model between soil and structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(6):62-66.(in Chinese))
[12]CLOUGH G W,DUNCAN J M.Finite element analysis of retaining wall behavior[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1971,97(12):1 657-1 672.
[13]GHABOUSSI J,WILSON E L,ISENBERG J.Finite element for rock joints and interfaces[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1973,99(12):833-848.
[14]BEKKER M G.Theory of land locomotion[M].Ann Arbor,Michigan,USA:University of Michigan Press,1956:103-116.
[15]WONG J Y.Terramechanics and off-road vehicles[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Science publishers B V,1989:55-81.
[16]SCHULTE E,HANDSCHUH R,SCHWARZ W.Ttansferability of soil mechanical parameters to traction potential calculation of a tracked vehicle[C]//The fifth Ocean Mining Symposium.Tsukuba:The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,2003:132-138.
[17]朱珍德,邢福东,渠文平,等.岩石-混凝土两相介质胶结面抗剪强度分形描述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):2 910-2 917.(ZHU Zhende,XING Fudong,QU Wenping,et al.Fractal description of Shear Strength of Cementation Plane between Rock and Concrete[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.1):2 910-2 917.(in Chinese))
[18]曹文贵,赵明华,刘成学.基于Weibull分布的岩石损伤软化模型及其修正方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004(19):3 226-3 231.(CAO Wengui,ZHAO Minghua,LIU Chengxue.Study on the model and its modifying method for rock softening and damage based on Weibull random distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3 226-3 231.(in Chinese))
[19]曹文贵,莫瑞,李翔.基于正态分布的岩石软硬化损伤统计本构模型及其参数确定方法探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2007,39(5):671-675.(CAO Wengui,MO Rui,LI Xiang.Study on statistical constitutive model and determination of parameters of rock based on normal distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,39(5):671-675.(in Chinese))
[20]刘齐建,杨林德,曹文贵.岩石统计损伤本构模型及其参数反演[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1 148-1 154.(LIU Qijian,YANGLinde,CAO Wengui.Statistical damage constitutive model for rock and back analysis of its parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1 148-1 154.(in Chinese))
[21]曹文贵,王江营,翟友成,等.深海沉积物剪切变形过程模拟的统计损伤方法[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(6):940-944.(CAOWengui,WANG Jiangying,ZHAI Youcheng,et al.Statistical damage method for simulation of shear deformation process of deep-sea sediments[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,33(6):940-944.(in Chinese))
[22]何本国,朱永全,孙明磊,等.高速铁路膏溶角砾岩深埋隧道支护荷载确定方法[J].岩土力学,2013,34(3):827-832.(HE Benguo,ZHU Yongquan,SUN Minglei,et al.Method for determining supporting load of deep tunnel on high-speed railway in gypsum breccia stratum[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(3):827-832.(in Chinese))
[23]李鹏飞,赵勇,张顶立,等.基于现场实测数据统计的隧道围岩压力分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1 392-1 399.(LI Pengfei,ZHAO Yong,ZHANG Dingli,WU Dong.Studyof distribution laws of tunnel surrounding rock pressure based on field measured data statistics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7):1 392-1 399.(in Chinese))
[24]刘学增,叶康.山岭公路隧道围岩压力统计规律分析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(6):890-895.(LIU Xuezeng,YE Kang.Statistical analysis of surrounding rock pressure of mountain road tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(6):890-895.(in Chinese))
[25]王明年,唐兴华,吴秋军,等.高岩温隧道围岩-支护结构温度场演化规律[J].铁道学报,2016,38(11):126-131.(WANG Mingnian,TANG Xinghua,WU Qiujun,et al.Tempeature field variation rules of rock and support structure in high rock temperature tunnel[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2016,38(11):126-131.(in Chinese))
[26]阎培渝,崔强.养护制度对高强混凝土强度发展规律的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2015,43(2):133-137.(YAN Peiyu,CUI Qiang.Effects of curing regimes on strength development of high-strength concrete[J].Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society,2015,43(2):133-137.(in Chinese))
[27]范利丹,李培涛,余永强,等.养护温度对喷射混凝土性能影响的试验研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(10):3 487-3 492.(FAN Lidan,LI Peitao,YU Yongqiang,et al.Experimental study on the effect of curing temperature on shotcrete properties[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2017,36(10):3 487-3 492.(in Chinese))
[28]杨明辉,赵明华,曹文贵.岩石损伤软化统计本构模型参数的确定方法[J].水利学报,2005,36(3):345-349.(YANG Minghui,ZHAOMinghua,CAO Wengui.Method for determining the parameters of statistical damage softening constitutive model for rock[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(3):345-349.(in Chinese))
[29]曹文贵,李翔.岩石损伤软化统计本构模型及参数确定方法的新探讨[J].岩土力学,2008,29(11):2 952-2 956.(CAO Wengui,LI Xiang.A new discussion on damage softening statistical constitutive model for rocks and method for determining its parameters[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(11):2 952-2 956.(in Chinese))