背斜核部区隧道初期支护变形机理及支护对策
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摘要
为了给背斜核部区隧道设计施工提供参考和技术支持,文章针对周公山隧道K8+559～K8+527过背斜段开展了专项测试。测试结果表明:测试断面拱顶部位接触压力及变形较拱腰、边墙大;对比分析测试断面和验证断面结果,接触压力有所降低,说明采用"先让后抗"、适当增大预留变形量的方案有效合理;结合隧址区地质条件,认为隧道变形由其赋存的地质环境所决定,欠合理的施工方法及各不利因素的组合是其诱发因素;变形破坏过程可概括为:"开挖—卸荷—差异性回弹变形—离层—顶板简支梁式弯折破坏"。研究结果为理论分析提供了计算参数,为后续研究提供了基础数据,积累了复杂应力条件下特长隧道的设计施工经验。
In order to provide reference and technical support for the design and construction of the tunnel across anticline core area,special test was conducted at the section of K8+559-K8+527 of the Zhougongshan tunnel.The testing results show that the contact pressure at crown is larger than that of haunch and side wall at the test sections;a contrastive analysis on the results of test sections and verification sections was carried out and it was found the contact pressure deceases somewhat,which means the scheme of"support after release"and increasing reserved deformation is effective and reasonable;tunnel deformation is governed by the geological condition,unreasonable construction method and combination of various adverse factors are the inducing factors;the process of deformation and failure can be generalized as excavation—unloading—differential resilient deformation—layer separation—bending failure of the top roof as simply supported beam.The research results provide calculation parameters for theoretical analysis and also basic data for the following study,accumulating the experience for the design and construction of super-long tunnel in complex stress condition.
In order to provide reference and technical support for the design and construction of the tunnel across anticline core area,special test was conducted at the section of K8+559-K8+527 of the Zhougongshan tunnel.The testing results show that the contact pressure at crown is larger than that of haunch and side wall at the test sections;a contrastive analysis on the results of test sections and verification sections was carried out and it was found the contact pressure deceases somewhat,which means the scheme of"support after release"and increasing reserved deformation is effective and reasonable;tunnel deformation is governed by the geological condition,unreasonable construction method and combination of various adverse factors are the inducing factors;the process of deformation and failure can be generalized as excavation—unloading—differential resilient deformation—layer separation—bending failure of the top roof as simply supported beam.The research results provide calculation parameters for theoretical analysis and also basic data for the following study,accumulating the experience for the design and construction of super-long tunnel in complex stress condition.
引文
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[10]李鸿博,戴永浩,宋继宏,付克俭.峡口高地应力软岩隧道施工监测及支护对策研究[J].岩土力学, 2011, 32(S2):496-501.LI Hongbo, DAI Yonghao, SONG Jihong, FU Kejian. Construction Monitoring for Xiakou Soft Rock Tunnel under High Geostressand Its Supporting Measures[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2011, 32(S2):496-501.
[11]陈秋南,赵明华,周国华,黄胜平,周应麟.复杂层状岩层隧道塌方原因分析与加固后信息化施工技术[J].岩土力学, 2009,30(3):650-653.CHEN Qiunan, ZHAO Minghua, ZHOU Guohua, HUANG Shengping, ZHOU Yinglin. Cause Analysis of Complex Layered Rock Tunnel Collapse and Information Construction Technology after Consolidation[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009, 30(3):650-653.
[12]李利平,李术才,赵勇,李树忱,王汉鹏,刘钦,赵岩,原小帅.超大断面隧道软弱破碎围岩渐进破坏过程三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2012, 31(3):550-560.LI Liping, LI Shucai, ZHAO Yong, LI Shuchen, WANG Hanpeng, LIU Qin, ZHAO Yan, YUAN Xiaoshuai. 3D Geomechanical Model for Progressive Failure Progress of Weak Broken Surrounding Rock in Super Large Section Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012, 31(3):550-560.
[13]刘志春,李文江,孙明磊,朱永全.乌鞘岭隧道F4断层区段监控量测综合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2006, 25(7):1502-1511.LIU Zhichun, LI Wenjiang, SUN Minglei, ZHU Yongquan. Monitoring and Comprehensive Analysis in F4 Section of Wushaoling Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2006, 25(7):1502-1511.
[14]雷军,张金柱,林传年.乌鞘岭特长隧道复杂地质条件下断层带应力及变形现场监测分析[J].岩土力学, 2008, 29(5):1367-1371.LEI Jun, ZHANG Jinzhu, LIN Chuannian. Analysis of Stress and Deformation Site-monitoring in Fault Zone of Wushaoling Tunnel under Complex Geological Conditions[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2008, 29(5):1367-1371.
[15]彭超.公路隧道穿越浅埋断层破碎带工程处理技术[J].现代隧道技术, 2013, 50(1):134-138.PENG Chao. Construction Techniques for a Highway Tunnel Passing through a Shallow Fractured Zone[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2013, 50(1):134-138.
[16]赵旭峰,王春苗,孔祥利.深部软岩隧道施工性态时空效应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2007, 26(2):404-409.ZHAO Xufeng, WANG Chunmiao, KONG Xiangli. Analysis of Time-spacer Effects of Construction Behavior of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26(2):404-409.
[17]杨红军,夏才初,彭裕闻,卞跃威,何坤.时空效应下隧道的收敛变形预测及二衬合理支护时机[J].公路, 2010,(4):218-223.YANG Hongjun, XIA Caichu, PENG Yuwen, BIAN Yuewei, HE Kun. The Convergence Deformation Prediction and Tunnel Second Lining Supporting Timing Considering Time-space Effect[J]. Highway, 2010,(4):218-223.
[18]谭代明,漆泰岳,莫阳春.考虑时空效应的软弱围岩隧道施工稳定性研究[J].水文地质工程地质, 2009,(4):85-89+94.TAN Daiming, QI Taiyue, MO Yangchun. Study on Construction Stability of Soft Surrounding Rock Tunnel Considering Timespace Effect[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2009,(4):85-89+94.
[19]周应麟,邱喜华.层状岩层围岩隧道稳定性的探讨[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2006, 2(2):345-348.ZHOU Yinglin, QIU Xihua. Study on Stability of Stratified Rock Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2006, 2(2):345-348.
[2]洪开荣.我国隧道及地下工程发展现状与展望[J].隧道建设, 2015, 35(2):95-107.HONGKairong.State-of-artandProspectofTunnelsandUndergoundWorksinChina[J].TunnelConstruction, 2015,35(2):95-107.
[3]《中国公路学报》编辑部.中国隧道工程学术研究综述·2015[J].中国公路学报, 2015, 28(5):1-65.Editorial Department of China Journal of Highway and Transport. Review on China′s Tunnel Engineering Research:2015[J]. ChinaJournal of Highway and Transport, 2015, 28(5):1-65.
[4]王梦恕.中国盾构和掘进机隧道技术现状、存在的问题及发展思路[J].隧道建设, 2014,34(3):179-187.WANG Mengshu. Tunnelling by TBM/Shield in China:State-of-art, Problems and Proposals[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2014, 34(3):179-187.
[5]郭陕云.隧道及地下工程的产业化发展方向[J].隧道建设, 2005, 25(6):1-3.GUO Shanyun. Trend of Industrialization of Tunnels and Underground Works[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2005, 25(6):1-3.
[6]窦继平,陈德健.苏家湾隧道初期支护变形侵限处理措施及施工工艺的研究[J].现代隧道技术, 2014, 51(6):154-159.DOU Jiping, CHEN Dejian. Countermeasures and Construction Technologies for Clearance Intrusion of the Primary Support in theSujiawan Tunnel[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2014, 51(6):154-159.
[7]许宏发,耿秋生,李朝甫,陈伟,王晨.破碎岩体注浆加固体强度估计[J].岩土工程学报, 2013, 35(11):2018-2022.XU Hongfa, GENG Qiusheng, LI Caofu, CHEN Wei, WANG Chen. Estimating Strength of Grouting Reinforced Bodies in BrokenRock Mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, 35(11):2018-2022.
[8] MANDAL S K, SINGH M M. Evaluating Extent and Causes of Overbreak in Tunnels[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technolo?gy, 2009, 24(1):22-36.
[9]曾蔚,张民庆.宜万铁路隧道变形侵限原因分析与治理[J].铁道工程学报, 2008,(3):42-49.ZENG Wei, ZHANG Minqing. Analyses of Cause for the Deformation Intrusion Structure Ambit of Tunnel on Yichang-WanzhouRailway and Its Treatment[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2008,(3):42-49.
[10]李鸿博,戴永浩,宋继宏,付克俭.峡口高地应力软岩隧道施工监测及支护对策研究[J].岩土力学, 2011, 32(S2):496-501.LI Hongbo, DAI Yonghao, SONG Jihong, FU Kejian. Construction Monitoring for Xiakou Soft Rock Tunnel under High Geostressand Its Supporting Measures[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2011, 32(S2):496-501.
[11]陈秋南,赵明华,周国华,黄胜平,周应麟.复杂层状岩层隧道塌方原因分析与加固后信息化施工技术[J].岩土力学, 2009,30(3):650-653.CHEN Qiunan, ZHAO Minghua, ZHOU Guohua, HUANG Shengping, ZHOU Yinglin. Cause Analysis of Complex Layered Rock Tunnel Collapse and Information Construction Technology after Consolidation[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009, 30(3):650-653.
[12]李利平,李术才,赵勇,李树忱,王汉鹏,刘钦,赵岩,原小帅.超大断面隧道软弱破碎围岩渐进破坏过程三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2012, 31(3):550-560.LI Liping, LI Shucai, ZHAO Yong, LI Shuchen, WANG Hanpeng, LIU Qin, ZHAO Yan, YUAN Xiaoshuai. 3D Geomechanical Model for Progressive Failure Progress of Weak Broken Surrounding Rock in Super Large Section Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012, 31(3):550-560.
[13]刘志春,李文江,孙明磊,朱永全.乌鞘岭隧道F4断层区段监控量测综合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2006, 25(7):1502-1511.LIU Zhichun, LI Wenjiang, SUN Minglei, ZHU Yongquan. Monitoring and Comprehensive Analysis in F4 Section of Wushaoling Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2006, 25(7):1502-1511.
[14]雷军,张金柱,林传年.乌鞘岭特长隧道复杂地质条件下断层带应力及变形现场监测分析[J].岩土力学, 2008, 29(5):1367-1371.LEI Jun, ZHANG Jinzhu, LIN Chuannian. Analysis of Stress and Deformation Site-monitoring in Fault Zone of Wushaoling Tunnel under Complex Geological Conditions[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2008, 29(5):1367-1371.
[15]彭超.公路隧道穿越浅埋断层破碎带工程处理技术[J].现代隧道技术, 2013, 50(1):134-138.PENG Chao. Construction Techniques for a Highway Tunnel Passing through a Shallow Fractured Zone[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2013, 50(1):134-138.
[16]赵旭峰,王春苗,孔祥利.深部软岩隧道施工性态时空效应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2007, 26(2):404-409.ZHAO Xufeng, WANG Chunmiao, KONG Xiangli. Analysis of Time-spacer Effects of Construction Behavior of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26(2):404-409.
[17]杨红军,夏才初,彭裕闻,卞跃威,何坤.时空效应下隧道的收敛变形预测及二衬合理支护时机[J].公路, 2010,(4):218-223.YANG Hongjun, XIA Caichu, PENG Yuwen, BIAN Yuewei, HE Kun. The Convergence Deformation Prediction and Tunnel Second Lining Supporting Timing Considering Time-space Effect[J]. Highway, 2010,(4):218-223.
[18]谭代明,漆泰岳,莫阳春.考虑时空效应的软弱围岩隧道施工稳定性研究[J].水文地质工程地质, 2009,(4):85-89+94.TAN Daiming, QI Taiyue, MO Yangchun. Study on Construction Stability of Soft Surrounding Rock Tunnel Considering Timespace Effect[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2009,(4):85-89+94.
[19]周应麟,邱喜华.层状岩层围岩隧道稳定性的探讨[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2006, 2(2):345-348.ZHOU Yinglin, QIU Xihua. Study on Stability of Stratified Rock Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2006, 2(2):345-348.