平导设置对富水山岭隧道排水效应影响研究
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摘要
地质情况复杂且富水的部分长大山岭隧道,通常会采用平行导坑作为隧道施工运输通道或运营期间的安全疏散通道,但就平导设置对隧道正洞地下水分布情况的影响尚无深入研究。文章在对现有平行导坑设计分析的基础上,分别针对不同水头高度、围岩级别、平导与正洞水平净距及竖向高差等因素,计算和分析了设置平行导坑对正洞水压力的影响。结果表明:初始水头越高的隧道,设平导后水压力降低幅度越大;对于不同围岩级别,正洞水头降低幅度随着围岩渗透系数降低而增大,围岩条件越好,平导排水效应越明显;平导与正洞的水平净距选取可优先考虑施工组织及安全的因素,一般可取20 m左右;竖向位置的变化对水压力分布影响不大,竖向高差不必过大。
The parallel heading is normally used as the transportation channel during construction and the evacuation or drainage passages during operation for long mountain tunnels in complex geological conditions,especially in rich groundwater condition.But there is little thorough study of the influence of parallel headings on groundwater distribution around the main tunnel.On the basis of existing parallel heading design,and considering several affecting factors,such as height of water head,grade of surrounding rock,horizontal spacing and vertical height difference between the main tunnel and the parallel heading,the effect of the parallel heading on the water pressure around the main tunnel was calculated and analyzed.The results show that the decreasing amplitude of water pressure is large for the tunnel with high initial waterhead after installing the parallel heading;under different grades of surrounding rock,the decreasing amplitude of the waterhead of the main tunnel increases with the decrease of permeability coefficient of rock mass,the better the surrounding rock is,the better effect the drainage of the parallel heading is;the horizontal clearance between the parallel heading and the main tunnel should be determined by giving priority to consideration of construction organization and safety,and generally 20 m is recommended;vertical position changes have little effect on water pressure distribution and it′s unnecessary to have a large vertical height difference.
The parallel heading is normally used as the transportation channel during construction and the evacuation or drainage passages during operation for long mountain tunnels in complex geological conditions,especially in rich groundwater condition.But there is little thorough study of the influence of parallel headings on groundwater distribution around the main tunnel.On the basis of existing parallel heading design,and considering several affecting factors,such as height of water head,grade of surrounding rock,horizontal spacing and vertical height difference between the main tunnel and the parallel heading,the effect of the parallel heading on the water pressure around the main tunnel was calculated and analyzed.The results show that the decreasing amplitude of water pressure is large for the tunnel with high initial waterhead after installing the parallel heading;under different grades of surrounding rock,the decreasing amplitude of the waterhead of the main tunnel increases with the decrease of permeability coefficient of rock mass,the better the surrounding rock is,the better effect the drainage of the parallel heading is;the horizontal clearance between the parallel heading and the main tunnel should be determined by giving priority to consideration of construction organization and safety,and generally 20 m is recommended;vertical position changes have little effect on water pressure distribution and it′s unnecessary to have a large vertical height difference.
引文
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[9]李亚勇,张桂凤,靳晓光.基于流固耦合的强度折减法研究地下水渗流对隧道稳定性的影响[J].铁道科学与工程学报, 2017,14(3):585-592.LI Yayong, ZHANG Guifeng, JIN Xiaoguang. The Effect of Groundwater Seepage on Stability of Tunnel by Using Strength ReductionMethod Considering Fluid Solid Coupling[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2017, 14(3):585-592.
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[13] REYNOLDS O. An Experimental Investigation of the Circumstances Which Determine Whether the Motion of Water Shall Be Di?rect or Sinuous, and of the Law of Resistance in Parallel Channels[J]. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London,1883, 174:935-982.
[14] TERZAGHI K, PECK R B. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice[M]. Wiley, 1967.
[15]姚威.平行导洞对高地应力软岩隧道开挖影响研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学, 2016.YAOWei.StudyoftheInfluenceofParallelPilotsontheExcavationofHighGeostressSoftRockTunnels[D].Lanzhou:LanzhouJiao?tong University, 2016.
[2]孙爽,庞美,王维思.浅谈隧洞平行小导坑减压降水的应用[J].水电施工技术, 2016,(3):26-27.SUN Shuang, PANG Mei, WANG Weisi. Application of Parallel Pilot Tunnel to Reduce Pressure and Dewater[J].Hydropower Con?struction Technology, 2016,(3):26-27.
[3]周运祥.浅谈高地应力软弱围岩施工的关键技术[J].现代隧道技术, 2004, 41(S):205-208.ZHOU Yunxiang. Key Techniques for the Construction of Soft Rock Mass with High Geostress[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology,2004, 41(S):205-208.
[4]吴江滨.平导对控制高应力隧道围岩变形的作用机理分析[J].科学技术与工程, 2009, 9(20):6076-6080.WU Jiangbin. Mechanism Analysis on Effect of Parallel Pilot on Surrounding Rocks Deformation for High Earth StressTunnelling[J].Science Technology and Engineering, 2009, 9(20):6076-6080.
[5]吕德新.长大铁路隧道施工通风技术研究[J].工程技术, 2016,(2):134-134.LV Dexin. Study on Construction Ventilation Techniques of the Long Railway Tunnel with Large Section[J]. Engineering Technolo?gy, 2016,(2):134-134.
[6]张俊儒,仇文革,等.深埋高水位山岭隧道作用于衬砌外表面的水压力计算方法[J].现代隧道技术, 2004, 41(6):12-15.ZHANG Junru, QIU Wenge, et al. Method of Computing the Hydraulic Pressures Acting on the Linings of Deep Mountain Tunnelsunder High Water Level[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2004, 41(6):12-15.
[7]皇甫明,谭忠盛,王梦恕,等.暗挖海底隧道渗流量的解析解及其应用[J].中国工程科学, 2009, 11(7):66-70.HUANGFU Ming, TAN Zhongsheng, WANG Mengshu, et al. Analytical Solutions for Water Inflow into an Underwater Tunnel andIts Application[J]. Engieering Science, 2009, 11(7):66-70.
[8]李地元,李夕兵,等.基于流固耦合理论的连拱隧道围岩稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2007, 26(5):1056-1064.LI Diyuan, LI Xibing, et al. Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock of Multi-arch Tunnel Based on Coupled Fluid-solid Theorem[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26(5):1056-1064.
[9]李亚勇,张桂凤,靳晓光.基于流固耦合的强度折减法研究地下水渗流对隧道稳定性的影响[J].铁道科学与工程学报, 2017,14(3):585-592.LI Yayong, ZHANG Guifeng, JIN Xiaoguang. The Effect of Groundwater Seepage on Stability of Tunnel by Using Strength ReductionMethod Considering Fluid Solid Coupling[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2017, 14(3):585-592.
[10]陈明奎.基于流固耦合理论下穿库区隧道围岩稳定性分析[J].铁道标准设计, 2016, 60(4):72-77.CHEN Mingkui. Analysis of Surrounding Rock Stability of Tunnel Passing under Reservoir Based on Coupled Fluid-solid Theory[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2016, 60(4):72-77.
[11]高健,张义同,乔金丽.渗透力对隧道开挖面稳定性影响分析[J].岩土工程学报, 2009,(10):1825-1827.GAO Jian, ZHANG Yitong, QIAO Jinli. Face Stability Analysis of Tunnels with Consideration of Seepage Force[J]. Chinese Journalof Geotechnical Engineering, 2009,(10):1825-1827.
[12]杨子奇.流固藕合作用下北京朝阳区富水地层隧道施工的力学效应研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017.YANG Ziqi. Study on Mechanical Effect of Water-rich Tunnel Construction Considering Fluid-solid Coupling Effect in BeijingChaoyang District[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing), 2017.
[13] REYNOLDS O. An Experimental Investigation of the Circumstances Which Determine Whether the Motion of Water Shall Be Di?rect or Sinuous, and of the Law of Resistance in Parallel Channels[J]. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London,1883, 174:935-982.
[14] TERZAGHI K, PECK R B. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice[M]. Wiley, 1967.
[15]姚威.平行导洞对高地应力软岩隧道开挖影响研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学, 2016.YAOWei.StudyoftheInfluenceofParallelPilotsontheExcavationofHighGeostressSoftRockTunnels[D].Lanzhou:LanzhouJiao?tong University, 2016.