2013-2016奥运周期国内外男子自由体操比赛特征研究
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摘要
运用录像观察法、文献资料法和数理统计法,以第44届世锦赛和第12届全运会男子自由操比赛为研究对象,探究比赛特征及变化规律。认为:动作难度的比拼将是主宰男子自由体操比赛的绝对因素;国外优秀运动员善于采用难度较高的单个多周空翻类动作,我国运动员习惯于采用"多度转体类"动作及难度较低的"旋空翻",动作类型"扎堆";国外运动员多采用"空翻+转体"连接,我国运动员连接形式及动作较单一,且"D+D"连接串数极少;国外运动员成套动作编排模式多样,我国运动员主要采用成套难度较低的第四种编排模式;我国运动员获得的E分较为接近,与国外优秀运动员存在差距。建议加强动作落地稳定性和完善空中姿态,增加成套动作中单个E组动作数量及连接串数,注重开发"D+D"难度。
This study adopts methods of video observation,literature and statistics,takes men's Floor Exercises competitions in the 44 th World Championship and the 12 th National Games as research object,explores the features and change rules of this event.It proposes:Challenge over degree of difficulty will absolutely be the dominant factor of the men's floor exercise competition;foreign elite athletes are good at a single multi-circles somersault high degree of difficulty,while Chinese athletes are skilled in multi-degree twist and compound somersault with lower degree of difficulty,which is a collective action of cluster;foreign athletes mostly applies a connection of somersault and twist,our Chinese athletes have singular connection form and action with rare connection string of the"D + D";the choreographed routine patterns of foreign athletes are diverse,our Chinese athletes mainly applies the fourth set of choreographed routine pattern with low degree of routine difficulty;Chinese athletes have closer E points and there is a certain gap with foreign elite athletes.It suggests that Chinese athletes should strengthen the stability of landing and improve posture in the air,increase the number of Group E actions in routine and connection string,focus on the development of action with a degree D plus another degree D.
This study adopts methods of video observation,literature and statistics,takes men's Floor Exercises competitions in the 44 th World Championship and the 12 th National Games as research object,explores the features and change rules of this event.It proposes:Challenge over degree of difficulty will absolutely be the dominant factor of the men's floor exercise competition;foreign elite athletes are good at a single multi-circles somersault high degree of difficulty,while Chinese athletes are skilled in multi-degree twist and compound somersault with lower degree of difficulty,which is a collective action of cluster;foreign athletes mostly applies a connection of somersault and twist,our Chinese athletes have singular connection form and action with rare connection string of the"D + D";the choreographed routine patterns of foreign athletes are diverse,our Chinese athletes mainly applies the fourth set of choreographed routine pattern with low degree of routine difficulty;Chinese athletes have closer E points and there is a certain gap with foreign elite athletes.It suggests that Chinese athletes should strengthen the stability of landing and improve posture in the air,increase the number of Group E actions in routine and connection string,focus on the development of action with a degree D plus another degree D.
引文
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[5]国际体操联合会.男子竞技体操评分规则:2013—2016年[S].2013.
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[7]李长俭.从第39、40届世界体操锦标赛看男子自由体操的发展趋势[J].中国体育科技,2008,44(4):40-43.
[8]李思民.第28届奥运会男子自由体操成套动作编排特点与趋势[J].天津体育学院学报,2005,20(2):57-59.
[9]吕万刚,聂应军.我国11—12岁少年男体操运动员自由体操基本难度动作选择的研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(5):369-372.
[10]郑清营,孟宪林.关于世界跳马比赛动作难度、类型与稳度关系的研究[J].体育科学,2001,21(6):58-62.
[2]史海现,李柳,孟宪林.伦敦奥运周期男子自由体操成套动作发展趋势研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(2):162-166.
[3]赵元吉.论体操技术(男子部分)的演进过程及其规律[J].成都体育学院学报,2006,27(4):78-82.
[4]国际体操联合会.男子竞技体操评分规则:2009—2012年[S].2008:18.
[5]国际体操联合会.男子竞技体操评分规则:2013—2016年[S].2013.
[6]刘晓军.新奥运周期世界男子自由体操发展趋势的研究[J].中国体育科技,2005,41(5):34-37.
[7]李长俭.从第39、40届世界体操锦标赛看男子自由体操的发展趋势[J].中国体育科技,2008,44(4):40-43.
[8]李思民.第28届奥运会男子自由体操成套动作编排特点与趋势[J].天津体育学院学报,2005,20(2):57-59.
[9]吕万刚,聂应军.我国11—12岁少年男体操运动员自由体操基本难度动作选择的研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(5):369-372.
[10]郑清营,孟宪林.关于世界跳马比赛动作难度、类型与稳度关系的研究[J].体育科学,2001,21(6):58-62.