不同干旱胁迫对花生生长发育及产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】在新疆特殊生态条件下,分析花生在不同干旱胁迫下的生长发育规律,研究花生不同生育时期对干旱胁迫的敏感性,为新疆花生生产合理灌溉和产量提高提供依据。【方法】以花生品种花育36为材料,通过人工控水对其进行干旱胁迫,设置花针期干旱、结荚期干旱和全生育期干旱三个处理,以正常灌水为对照,研究不同生育时期各处理的相关农艺性状及最终产量的变化。【结果】干旱胁迫会影响到花生的各生育期进程,长期受旱会缩短花生的生育期时间;各生育时期遭受干旱胁迫后,花生在株高、叶面积系数、地上部干物质积累和荚果干重均有不同程度的降低,且随干旱时间的延长,降低幅度增大。结荚期干旱胁迫对花生株高的影响相对较小,花针期干旱对植株生长发育及产量的影响较大。干旱胁迫对最终产量的影响不但与有效果数的降低有关,而且与荚果的饱满度(百果重)有关,两者共同作用造成了花生产量的降低。【结论】不同程度干旱胁迫会对花生的生育期进程、株高、叶面积系数、地上部干物质积累和荚果干重等造成不同影响,花针期干旱对花生生长发育及收获产量的影响相对较大,该生育时期花生对土壤缺水比较敏感,易限制产量的形成。
【Objective】 To study growth and development law of peanut under different drought stresses in special ecological conditions in Xinjiang,and clarify the sensitivity of peanut to drought stress at different growth stages in the hope providing scientific basis for scientific and rational irrigation and increasing yield of peanut production in Xinjiang.【Method】Peanut variety Huayu 36 was used as test material, and drought stress was conducted by artificial water control. Three drought treatments were set: flowering stage drought, podding stage drought and the whole growth period drought, and with normal irrigation as the control the changes of agronomic traits and final yield in different growth stages under different treatments were investigated.【Result】The results showed that drought stress affected the growth stages of peanut, long term drought will shorten the growth period of peanut. After drought stress at different growth stages, plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and pod dry weight of peanut decreased to varying degrees. With the extension of drought time, the reducing amplitude became larger. At podding stage, drought stress had relatively small influence on peanut plant height. The effects of flowering stage drought on plant growth and yield were significant. The effect of drought stress on the final yield was not only related to the decrease of effective fruit number, but also related to the 100-pod weight. The combination of the two factors together decreased the peanut yield.【Conclusion】Different degrees of drought stress caused different effects on peanut growth process, plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and pod dry weight. The effects of flowering stage drought on the growth and yield of peanut were relatively large, peanut is sensitive to soil water shortage during this period and is easy to limit the production formation.
【Objective】 To study growth and development law of peanut under different drought stresses in special ecological conditions in Xinjiang,and clarify the sensitivity of peanut to drought stress at different growth stages in the hope providing scientific basis for scientific and rational irrigation and increasing yield of peanut production in Xinjiang.【Method】Peanut variety Huayu 36 was used as test material, and drought stress was conducted by artificial water control. Three drought treatments were set: flowering stage drought, podding stage drought and the whole growth period drought, and with normal irrigation as the control the changes of agronomic traits and final yield in different growth stages under different treatments were investigated.【Result】The results showed that drought stress affected the growth stages of peanut, long term drought will shorten the growth period of peanut. After drought stress at different growth stages, plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and pod dry weight of peanut decreased to varying degrees. With the extension of drought time, the reducing amplitude became larger. At podding stage, drought stress had relatively small influence on peanut plant height. The effects of flowering stage drought on plant growth and yield were significant. The effect of drought stress on the final yield was not only related to the decrease of effective fruit number, but also related to the 100-pod weight. The combination of the two factors together decreased the peanut yield.【Conclusion】Different degrees of drought stress caused different effects on peanut growth process, plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and pod dry weight. The effects of flowering stage drought on the growth and yield of peanut were relatively large, peanut is sensitive to soil water shortage during this period and is easy to limit the production formation.
引文
[1]李林,刘登望.南方花生高产高效栽培新技术[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2015:1-8.LI Lin,LIU Deng-wang.(2015).New techniques for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of peanut in South China [M].Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press:1-8.(in Chinese)
[2] 姜慧芳,任小平.干旱胁迫对花生叶片SOD 活性和蛋白质的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(2):169-174.JIANG Hui-fang,REN Xiao-ping.(2004).The effect on SOD activity and protein content in groundnut leaves by drought stress [J].Acta Agronomic Sinica,30(2):169-174.(in Chinese)
[3]严美玲,李向东,林英杰,等.苗期干旱胁迫对不同抗旱花生品种生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33:113-119.YAN Mei-ling,LI Xiang-dong,LIN Ying-jie,et al.(2007).Effects of drought during seedling stage on physiological traits,yield and quality of different peanut cultivars [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,33:113-119.(in Chinese )
[4] 胡标林,余守武,万勇,等.东乡普通野生稻全生育期抗旱性鉴定[J].作物学报,2007,33:425-432.HU Biao-lin,YU Shou-wu ,WAN Yong,et al.(2007).Drought-resistance identification of Dongxiang common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) in whole growth period [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,(33):425-432.(in Chinese )
[5] 杨建昌,王志琴,朱庆森.水稻品种的抗旱性及其生理特性的研究[J].中国农业科学,1995,28(5):65-72YANG Jian-chang,WANG Zhi-qin,ZHU Qing-sen.(1995).Drought resistance and its physiological characteristics in rice varieties [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,28(5):65-72.(in Chinese )
[6] 张智猛,戴良香,丁红,等.中国北方主栽花生品种抗旱性鉴定与评价[J].作物学报,2012,38:495-504.ZHANG Zhi-meng,DAI Liang-xiang,DING Hong.(2012).Identification and evaluation of drought resistance in different peanut varieties widely grown in northern China [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,(38):495-504.(in Chinese )
[7]张智猛,万书波,戴良香,等.花生萌芽期水分胁迫品种适应性及抗旱性评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(5):173-182.ZHANG Zhi-meng,WAN Shu-bo,DAI Liang-xiang,et al.(2009).A study on appraisal of suitability and drought-resistance of different peanut varieties at germination stage [J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,27(5) :173-182.(in Chinese )
[8]熊洁,李书宇,陈伦林,等.干旱胁迫对不同耐旱性花生品种生理特性和产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(7):1-5.XIONG Jie,LI Shu-yu,CHEN Lun-lin,et al.(2016).Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Traits and Yield of Different Drought-tolerant Peanut Varieties [J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,28(7):1-5.(in Chinese )
[9] Giayetto O,Cerioni G A.花生水分胁迫研究II.荚果生长[J].花生学报,2004,33(1) :1-7.Giayetto,O.Cerioni G.A.(2004).Water Stress in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) II .Pod Growth [J].Journal of Peanut Science,33(1):1-7.(in English )
[10]姚珍珠,夏桂敏,王淑君,等.花生对水分胁迫的响应研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(5):699-704.YAO Zhen-zhu,XIA Gui-min,WANG Shu-jun,et al.(2016).Research progress of the effects of water stress on peanut [J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,38(5):699-704.(in Chinese )
[11]刘吉利,赵长星,吴娜,等.苗期干旱及复水对花生光合特性及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(3):469-476.LIU Ji-li,ZHAO Chang-xing,WU Na,et al.(2011).Effects of Drought and Rewatering at Seedling Stage on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Peanut [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,44(3):469-476.(in Chinese )
[12]刘吉利,王铭伦,吴娜,等.苗期水分胁迫对花生产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2009,11(2) :114-118.LIU Ji-li,WANG Ming-lun,WU Na,et al.(2009).Effect of Water Stress on Yield,Quality and WUE during Peanut Seedling Stage [J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,11(2):114-118.(in Chinese )
[13]山仑,邓西平,苏佩,等.挖掘作物抗旱节水潜力-作物对多变低水环境的适应与调节[J].中国农业科技导报,2000,(2):66-70.SHAN Lun,DENG Xi-ping,SU Pei,et al.(2000).Exploitation of Crop Drought Resistance and Water -saving Potentials [J].Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology,(2):66-70.(in Chinese )
[14]姚君平,罗瑶年,杨新道,等.早、中熟花生不同生育阶段土壤水分亏缺对植株生育和产量的影响[J].花生科技,1985,(20):1-8.YAO Jun-ping,LUO Yao-nian,YANG Xin-dao,et al.(1985).Effects of soil water deficit on growth and yield of early and middle maturing peanut at different growth stages [J].Peanut Technology,(20):1-8.(in Chinese )
[15]姚君平,杨新道,周元富.花生不同生育阶段土壤干旱对植株生育和产量的影响[J].花生科技,1984,(19):15-18.YAO Jun-ping,YANG Xin-dao,ZHOU Yuan-fu.(1984).Effects of soil drought on plant growth and yield in different growth stages of peanut [J].Peanut Technology,(19):15-18.(in Chinese )
[16]孙大容.花生育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:30-45.SUN Da-rong.(1998).Peanut Breeding Science [M].Beijing.Chinese Agriculture Press:30-45.(in Chinese)
[17]康涛,李文金,张艳艳,等.不同生育时期膜下滴灌对花生生长发育及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2015,44(3):35-40.KANG Tao,LI Wen-jin,ZHANG Yan-yan,et al.(2015).Effect of Mulch Drip Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on Peanut Growth and Yield [J].Journal of Peanut Science,44(3):35-40.(in Chinese )
[18] 高建强,曲杰,程亮,等.膜下滴灌对夏花生水分利用效率及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(7):77-80.GAO Jian-qiang,QU Jie,CHEGN Liang,et al.(2017).Effects of Drip Irrigation under Plastic Film on Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Summer Peanut [J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,49(7):77-80.(in Chinese )
[19]郭峰,张智猛,李庆凯,等.膜下滴灌对麦茬夏花生出苗质量和产量的影响[J].花生学报,2018,47(2) :74-76.GUO Feng,ZHANG Zhi-meng,LI Qing-kai,et al.(2018).Effects of Drip Irrigation under Mulch on Seedling Quality andYield of Summer Sowing Peanut [J].Journal of Peanut Science,47(2):74-76.(in Chinese )
[20] 菜倩.玉米和花生对水分胁迫的响应机制及灌水技术研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学博士论文,2017.CAI Qian.(2017).Response mechanism and irrigation technique of water stress on maize and peanut[D].PhD Dissertation.Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang.(in Chinese)
[21]李俊庆.不同生育时期干旱处理对夏花生生长发育的影响[J].花生学报,2004,33(3):33-38.LI Jun-qing.(2004).Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Development of Summer Peanut in Different Phases [J].Journal of Peanut Science,33(3):33-38.(in Chinese )
[22] 李泽锋.花生膜下滴灌节水栽培技术[J].农业科技与装备,2015,(10):54-56.LI Ze-feng.(2015).Technique of Under Film Drip Irrigation for Peanut Cultivation [J].Agricultural Science Technology and Equipment,(10):54-56.(in Chinese )
[2] 姜慧芳,任小平.干旱胁迫对花生叶片SOD 活性和蛋白质的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(2):169-174.JIANG Hui-fang,REN Xiao-ping.(2004).The effect on SOD activity and protein content in groundnut leaves by drought stress [J].Acta Agronomic Sinica,30(2):169-174.(in Chinese)
[3]严美玲,李向东,林英杰,等.苗期干旱胁迫对不同抗旱花生品种生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33:113-119.YAN Mei-ling,LI Xiang-dong,LIN Ying-jie,et al.(2007).Effects of drought during seedling stage on physiological traits,yield and quality of different peanut cultivars [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,33:113-119.(in Chinese )
[4] 胡标林,余守武,万勇,等.东乡普通野生稻全生育期抗旱性鉴定[J].作物学报,2007,33:425-432.HU Biao-lin,YU Shou-wu ,WAN Yong,et al.(2007).Drought-resistance identification of Dongxiang common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) in whole growth period [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,(33):425-432.(in Chinese )
[5] 杨建昌,王志琴,朱庆森.水稻品种的抗旱性及其生理特性的研究[J].中国农业科学,1995,28(5):65-72YANG Jian-chang,WANG Zhi-qin,ZHU Qing-sen.(1995).Drought resistance and its physiological characteristics in rice varieties [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,28(5):65-72.(in Chinese )
[6] 张智猛,戴良香,丁红,等.中国北方主栽花生品种抗旱性鉴定与评价[J].作物学报,2012,38:495-504.ZHANG Zhi-meng,DAI Liang-xiang,DING Hong.(2012).Identification and evaluation of drought resistance in different peanut varieties widely grown in northern China [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,(38):495-504.(in Chinese )
[7]张智猛,万书波,戴良香,等.花生萌芽期水分胁迫品种适应性及抗旱性评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(5):173-182.ZHANG Zhi-meng,WAN Shu-bo,DAI Liang-xiang,et al.(2009).A study on appraisal of suitability and drought-resistance of different peanut varieties at germination stage [J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,27(5) :173-182.(in Chinese )
[8]熊洁,李书宇,陈伦林,等.干旱胁迫对不同耐旱性花生品种生理特性和产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(7):1-5.XIONG Jie,LI Shu-yu,CHEN Lun-lin,et al.(2016).Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Traits and Yield of Different Drought-tolerant Peanut Varieties [J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,28(7):1-5.(in Chinese )
[9] Giayetto O,Cerioni G A.花生水分胁迫研究II.荚果生长[J].花生学报,2004,33(1) :1-7.Giayetto,O.Cerioni G.A.(2004).Water Stress in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) II .Pod Growth [J].Journal of Peanut Science,33(1):1-7.(in English )
[10]姚珍珠,夏桂敏,王淑君,等.花生对水分胁迫的响应研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(5):699-704.YAO Zhen-zhu,XIA Gui-min,WANG Shu-jun,et al.(2016).Research progress of the effects of water stress on peanut [J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,38(5):699-704.(in Chinese )
[11]刘吉利,赵长星,吴娜,等.苗期干旱及复水对花生光合特性及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(3):469-476.LIU Ji-li,ZHAO Chang-xing,WU Na,et al.(2011).Effects of Drought and Rewatering at Seedling Stage on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Peanut [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,44(3):469-476.(in Chinese )
[12]刘吉利,王铭伦,吴娜,等.苗期水分胁迫对花生产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2009,11(2) :114-118.LIU Ji-li,WANG Ming-lun,WU Na,et al.(2009).Effect of Water Stress on Yield,Quality and WUE during Peanut Seedling Stage [J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,11(2):114-118.(in Chinese )
[13]山仑,邓西平,苏佩,等.挖掘作物抗旱节水潜力-作物对多变低水环境的适应与调节[J].中国农业科技导报,2000,(2):66-70.SHAN Lun,DENG Xi-ping,SU Pei,et al.(2000).Exploitation of Crop Drought Resistance and Water -saving Potentials [J].Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology,(2):66-70.(in Chinese )
[14]姚君平,罗瑶年,杨新道,等.早、中熟花生不同生育阶段土壤水分亏缺对植株生育和产量的影响[J].花生科技,1985,(20):1-8.YAO Jun-ping,LUO Yao-nian,YANG Xin-dao,et al.(1985).Effects of soil water deficit on growth and yield of early and middle maturing peanut at different growth stages [J].Peanut Technology,(20):1-8.(in Chinese )
[15]姚君平,杨新道,周元富.花生不同生育阶段土壤干旱对植株生育和产量的影响[J].花生科技,1984,(19):15-18.YAO Jun-ping,YANG Xin-dao,ZHOU Yuan-fu.(1984).Effects of soil drought on plant growth and yield in different growth stages of peanut [J].Peanut Technology,(19):15-18.(in Chinese )
[16]孙大容.花生育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:30-45.SUN Da-rong.(1998).Peanut Breeding Science [M].Beijing.Chinese Agriculture Press:30-45.(in Chinese)
[17]康涛,李文金,张艳艳,等.不同生育时期膜下滴灌对花生生长发育及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2015,44(3):35-40.KANG Tao,LI Wen-jin,ZHANG Yan-yan,et al.(2015).Effect of Mulch Drip Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on Peanut Growth and Yield [J].Journal of Peanut Science,44(3):35-40.(in Chinese )
[18] 高建强,曲杰,程亮,等.膜下滴灌对夏花生水分利用效率及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(7):77-80.GAO Jian-qiang,QU Jie,CHEGN Liang,et al.(2017).Effects of Drip Irrigation under Plastic Film on Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Summer Peanut [J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,49(7):77-80.(in Chinese )
[19]郭峰,张智猛,李庆凯,等.膜下滴灌对麦茬夏花生出苗质量和产量的影响[J].花生学报,2018,47(2) :74-76.GUO Feng,ZHANG Zhi-meng,LI Qing-kai,et al.(2018).Effects of Drip Irrigation under Mulch on Seedling Quality andYield of Summer Sowing Peanut [J].Journal of Peanut Science,47(2):74-76.(in Chinese )
[20] 菜倩.玉米和花生对水分胁迫的响应机制及灌水技术研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学博士论文,2017.CAI Qian.(2017).Response mechanism and irrigation technique of water stress on maize and peanut[D].PhD Dissertation.Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang.(in Chinese)
[21]李俊庆.不同生育时期干旱处理对夏花生生长发育的影响[J].花生学报,2004,33(3):33-38.LI Jun-qing.(2004).Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Development of Summer Peanut in Different Phases [J].Journal of Peanut Science,33(3):33-38.(in Chinese )
[22] 李泽锋.花生膜下滴灌节水栽培技术[J].农业科技与装备,2015,(10):54-56.LI Ze-feng.(2015).Technique of Under Film Drip Irrigation for Peanut Cultivation [J].Agricultural Science Technology and Equipment,(10):54-56.(in Chinese )