1961—2014年鄱阳湖流域降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征
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摘要
基于1961—2014年逐日降雨数据,引用集中度与集中期概念,借助数理统计及空间插值技术,分析鄱阳湖流域降雨侵蚀力分配特征。结果表明,鄱阳湖流域多年平均降雨侵蚀力为9 537. 9 MJ·mm·hm-2·h-1,年际变化呈上升趋势,但趋势不显著(P>0. 05)。空间上,降雨侵蚀力自西南向东北逐渐增加,倾向率的空间格局与降雨侵蚀力一致,但大多数站点趋势不显著(P> 0. 05)。降雨侵蚀力多年平均集中度为0. 49,多年平均集中期为152. 4°(对应6月),且集中度降低,集中期推迟,但两者变化均不显著(P>0. 05)。空间上,集中度自西南向东北方向逐渐增加,但集中期空间格局分散,无明显规律。1961—2014年降雨侵蚀力整体分布格局尚未改变,但高、低值区中心处于不断变化中;集中度各年代空间分布多为西南低东北高,而集中期空间格局特征不明显。
Rainfall erosivity reflects the potential ability of soil erosion caused by rainfall,which is the core of soil erosive risk assessment. The spatial-variations of rainfall erosivity in the Poyang Lake Basin were investigated based on daily rainfall data during 1961-2014. Results show that average value of rainfall erosivity was 9 537. 9 MJ·mm·hm-2·h-1,and had an insignificant upward trend. Rainfall erosivity and its tendency rate increased from southwest to northeast of Poyang Lake Basin,but the trend for most of the stations was insignificant. The annual average value of concentration degree of the rainfall erosivity was 0. 49 with an insignificant decreasing trend,while annual average concentration period was 152. 4°( corresponding to June) with an insignificant increasing trend. Spatial distribution of concentration degree was similar to rainfall erosivity,while concentration period had no obvious distribution pattern in the Poyang Lake Basin. Spatial pattern of rainfall erosivity did not change in the recent six decade while the centre of the high( low) value area changed in different decades. Dynamic of concentration degree for the last six decade was in accord with rainfall erosivity,while concentration period had no evident distribution pattern.
Rainfall erosivity reflects the potential ability of soil erosion caused by rainfall,which is the core of soil erosive risk assessment. The spatial-variations of rainfall erosivity in the Poyang Lake Basin were investigated based on daily rainfall data during 1961-2014. Results show that average value of rainfall erosivity was 9 537. 9 MJ·mm·hm-2·h-1,and had an insignificant upward trend. Rainfall erosivity and its tendency rate increased from southwest to northeast of Poyang Lake Basin,but the trend for most of the stations was insignificant. The annual average value of concentration degree of the rainfall erosivity was 0. 49 with an insignificant decreasing trend,while annual average concentration period was 152. 4°( corresponding to June) with an insignificant increasing trend. Spatial distribution of concentration degree was similar to rainfall erosivity,while concentration period had no obvious distribution pattern in the Poyang Lake Basin. Spatial pattern of rainfall erosivity did not change in the recent six decade while the centre of the high( low) value area changed in different decades. Dynamic of concentration degree for the last six decade was in accord with rainfall erosivity,while concentration period had no evident distribution pattern.
引文
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[14]张利超,王辉文,谢颂华.江西省水土流失现状与发展趋势分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):356-359.[ZHANG Lichao,WANG Hui-wen,XIE Song-hua. Current Status and Developing Trend of Soil and Water Loss in Jiangxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(1):356-359.]
[15]刘惠英,王永文,张平仓.三峡库区龙河流域降雨侵蚀力的时空分布特征[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(4):22-26,38.[LIU Hui-ying,WANG Yong-wen,ZHANG Ping-cang. TemporalSpatial Variations of Rainfall Erosivity of Longhe River Watershed in Three Gorges Reservoir Region[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2016,33(4):22-26,38.]
[16]刘贤赵,李嘉竹,宿庆,等.基于集中度与集中期的径流年内分配研究[J].地理科学,2007,27(6):791-795.[LIU Xian-zhao,LI Jia-zhu,SU Qing,et al. Interannual Runoff Distribution Based on Degree and Time of Concentration for Rivers[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2007,27(6):791-795.]
[17] MANN H B.Nonparametric Tests Against Trend[J].Econometrica,1945,13(3):245-259.
[18]顾朝军,穆兴民,高鹏,等.1961—2014年黄土高原地区降水和气温时间变化特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(3):136-143.[GU Chao-jun,MU Xing-min,GAO Peng,et al. Characteristics of Temporal Variation in Precipitation and Temperature in the Loess Plateau From 1961 to 2014[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(3):136-143.]
[19]孟庆香,刘国彬,杨勤科.基于GIS的黄土高原气象要素空间插值方法[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):10-14.[MENG Qingxiang,LIU Guo-bin,YANG Qing-ke. Spatial Interpolation Methods of Weather Data on Loess Plateau Based on GIS[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(1):10-14.]
[20] Xin Z B,YU X X,LI Q Y,et al. Spatiotemporal Variation in Rainfall Erosivity on the Chinese Loess Plateau During the Period1956-2008[J].Regional Environmental Change,2011,11(Suppl.1):149-159.
[21]罗健,荣艳淑,陈乐,等.广东省1960—2007年降雨侵蚀力变化趋势分析[J].水文,2010,30(1):79-83.[LUO Jian,RONG Yan-shu,CHEN Le,et al.Long-Term Trend of Rainfall Erosivity in Guangdong Province From 1960 to 2007[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2010,30(1):79-83.]
[22] GU C J,MU X M,GAO P,et al.Rainfall Erosivity and Sediment Load Over the Poyang Lake Basin Under Variable Climate and Human Activities Since the 1960s[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2018,1-16.doi:10.1007/s00704-018-2460-2.
[23] ZHANG Q,XIAO M Z,SINGH V,et al.Spatiotemporal Variations of Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in the Poyang Lake Basin,China[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2016,124(3/4):855-864.
[2] ANGULO-MARTINEZ M,BEGUERIA S.Estimating Rainfall Erosivity From Daily Precipitation Records:A Comparison Among Methods Using Data From the Ebro Basin(NE Spain)[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,379(1/2):111-121.
[3] RENARD K G,FREIMUND J R.Using Monthly Precipitation Data to Estimate the R-Factor in the Revised USLE[J]. Journal of hydrology,1994,157(1/2/3/4):287-306.
[4] ODURO-AFRIYIE K.Rainfall Erosivity Map for Ghana[J]. Geoderma,1996,74(1/2):161-166.
[5] YU B,ROSEWELL C J. An Assessment of a Daily Rainfall Erosivity Model for New South Wales[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,1996,34(1):139-152.
[6]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705-711.[ZHANG Wen-bo,XIE Yun,LIU Bao-yuan. Rainfall Erosivity Estimation Using Daily Rainfall Amounts[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002,22(6):705-711.]
[7]赖成光,陈晓宏,王兆礼,等.珠江流域1960—2012年降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):159-167.[LAI Cheng-guang,CHEN Xiao-hong,WANG Zhao-li,et al.Spatital and Temporal Variations of Rainfall Erosivity on Pearl River Basin During 1960-2012[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(8):159-167.]
[8]殷水清,谢云.黄土高原降雨侵蚀力时空分布[J].水土保持通报,2005,25(4):29-33.[YIN Shui-qing,XIE Yun.Spatital Variations and Seasonal Distributions of Rainfall Erosivity on Loess Plateau[J]. Bulletion of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,25(4):29-33.]
[9]师哲,张亭,高华斌.鄱阳湖地区流域水土流失特点研究初探[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(3):38-41.[SHI Zhe,ZHANG Ting,GAO Hua-bin.Water and Soil Loss Characteristics in Poyanghu Lake Basin[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2008,25(3):38-41]
[10]陈丽霞,殷坤龙,刘礼领,等.江西省滑坡与降雨的关系研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(4):1114-1120.[CHEN Li-xia,YIN Kun-long,LIU Li-ling,et al. Analysis of Relationship Between Landslide and Rainfall in Jiangxi Province[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(4):1114-1120.]
[11]汪邦稳,方少文,宋月君,等.赣北第四纪红壤区侵蚀性降雨强度与雨量标准的确定[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(11):100-106.[WANG Bang-wen,FANG Shao-wen,SONG Yue-jun,et al.Research for Standard of Erosive Rainfall on Quaternary Red Soil Area in North of Jiangxi Province in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(11):100-106]
[12]钟壬琳.肖潇,张平仓,等.江西省土壤抗侵蚀性空间变异表述方法研究[J].长江科学院院报,2010,27(5):13-18.[ZHONG Ren-lin,XIAO Xiao,ZHANG Ping-cang,et al.Research on Spatial Variability Statement Methods of Soil Anti-Erodibility in Jiangxi Province[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2010,27(5):13-18]
[13]马良,姜广辉,左长清,等.江西省50余年来降雨侵蚀力变化的时空分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(10):61-68.[MA Liang,JIANG Guang-hui,ZUO Chang-qing,et al.Spatial and Tem-poral Distribution Characteristics of Rainfall Erosivity Changes in Jiangxi Province Over More Than 50 Years[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(10):61-68.]
[14]张利超,王辉文,谢颂华.江西省水土流失现状与发展趋势分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):356-359.[ZHANG Lichao,WANG Hui-wen,XIE Song-hua. Current Status and Developing Trend of Soil and Water Loss in Jiangxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(1):356-359.]
[15]刘惠英,王永文,张平仓.三峡库区龙河流域降雨侵蚀力的时空分布特征[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(4):22-26,38.[LIU Hui-ying,WANG Yong-wen,ZHANG Ping-cang. TemporalSpatial Variations of Rainfall Erosivity of Longhe River Watershed in Three Gorges Reservoir Region[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2016,33(4):22-26,38.]
[16]刘贤赵,李嘉竹,宿庆,等.基于集中度与集中期的径流年内分配研究[J].地理科学,2007,27(6):791-795.[LIU Xian-zhao,LI Jia-zhu,SU Qing,et al. Interannual Runoff Distribution Based on Degree and Time of Concentration for Rivers[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2007,27(6):791-795.]
[17] MANN H B.Nonparametric Tests Against Trend[J].Econometrica,1945,13(3):245-259.
[18]顾朝军,穆兴民,高鹏,等.1961—2014年黄土高原地区降水和气温时间变化特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(3):136-143.[GU Chao-jun,MU Xing-min,GAO Peng,et al. Characteristics of Temporal Variation in Precipitation and Temperature in the Loess Plateau From 1961 to 2014[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(3):136-143.]
[19]孟庆香,刘国彬,杨勤科.基于GIS的黄土高原气象要素空间插值方法[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):10-14.[MENG Qingxiang,LIU Guo-bin,YANG Qing-ke. Spatial Interpolation Methods of Weather Data on Loess Plateau Based on GIS[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(1):10-14.]
[20] Xin Z B,YU X X,LI Q Y,et al. Spatiotemporal Variation in Rainfall Erosivity on the Chinese Loess Plateau During the Period1956-2008[J].Regional Environmental Change,2011,11(Suppl.1):149-159.
[21]罗健,荣艳淑,陈乐,等.广东省1960—2007年降雨侵蚀力变化趋势分析[J].水文,2010,30(1):79-83.[LUO Jian,RONG Yan-shu,CHEN Le,et al.Long-Term Trend of Rainfall Erosivity in Guangdong Province From 1960 to 2007[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2010,30(1):79-83.]
[22] GU C J,MU X M,GAO P,et al.Rainfall Erosivity and Sediment Load Over the Poyang Lake Basin Under Variable Climate and Human Activities Since the 1960s[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2018,1-16.doi:10.1007/s00704-018-2460-2.
[23] ZHANG Q,XIAO M Z,SINGH V,et al.Spatiotemporal Variations of Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in the Poyang Lake Basin,China[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2016,124(3/4):855-864.