电解铝企业周边土壤氟化物累积影响的研究
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摘要
【目的】系统研究电解铝企业氟化物排放对企业周边土壤的累积影响。【方法】基于电解铝企业电解烟气的监测结果,采用ADMS模式预测企业周围大气中固态氟和气态氟的年平均落地浓度,通过土壤累积预测模式预测出不同年份氟化物在土壤氟污染关心点和区域土壤中的累积影响。【结果】固态氟、气态氟的年平均落地浓度与气象、地形和距离等因素有密切的关系。土壤中氟化物的累积与企业投产运行时间密切相关,随着企业运营时间的持续,土壤中氟化物含量的不断递增,电解铝企业运行30年后,厂区四周土壤中氟化物的累积量均出现了超出100mg·kg-1的区域,该区域最远距离可达1 640m,总区域面积高达4 487 411m2。【结论】电解铝企业生产对周围土壤的影响不容忽视,电解铝企业应提高污染防治措施,减少氟化物的排放。
【Objective】To systematically study the cumulative impact of fluoride emissions from electrolytic aluminum enterprises on the surrounding soil of enterprises.【Methods】Based on the monitoring results of electrolytic flue gas in electrolytic aluminum factory,the annual average concentration of solid fluoride and gaseous fluorine in the atmosphere around the factory was predicted by ADMS model.Through the soil accumulation prediction model,the cumulative effects of fluoride on the soils of pollution concerns and regions in different years were predicted.【Results】The results showed that the annual average concentration of solid fluoride and gaseous fluorine were related to the weather,topography and distance.The accumulation of fluoride in the soil was closely related to the operation time of the enterprise.As the operation time of the enterprise continued,the fluoride content in the soil increased continuously.The cumulative amount of fluoride in the soil around the plant area had exceeded100 mg·kg-1,which had a maximum distance of 1 640 m and a total area of 4 487 411 m2.【Conclusion】The influence of the electrolytic a-luminum factory on the surrounding soil cannot be ignored,and the electrolytic aluminum factory should improve pollution prevention measures and reduce the emission of fluoride.
【Objective】To systematically study the cumulative impact of fluoride emissions from electrolytic aluminum enterprises on the surrounding soil of enterprises.【Methods】Based on the monitoring results of electrolytic flue gas in electrolytic aluminum factory,the annual average concentration of solid fluoride and gaseous fluorine in the atmosphere around the factory was predicted by ADMS model.Through the soil accumulation prediction model,the cumulative effects of fluoride on the soils of pollution concerns and regions in different years were predicted.【Results】The results showed that the annual average concentration of solid fluoride and gaseous fluorine were related to the weather,topography and distance.The accumulation of fluoride in the soil was closely related to the operation time of the enterprise.As the operation time of the enterprise continued,the fluoride content in the soil increased continuously.The cumulative amount of fluoride in the soil around the plant area had exceeded100 mg·kg-1,which had a maximum distance of 1 640 m and a total area of 4 487 411 m2.【Conclusion】The influence of the electrolytic a-luminum factory on the surrounding soil cannot be ignored,and the electrolytic aluminum factory should improve pollution prevention measures and reduce the emission of fluoride.
引文
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[18]郭志明,韩震,王浩宇,等.气源性重金属污染物在土壤中的累积效果以及影响预测分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2015,40(5):64-66.GUO Z M,HAN Z,WANG H Y,et al.On cumulative effect and the impact predictive analysis of air-borne heavy metal pollutants in the soil[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2015,40(5):64-66.
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[21]桂建业,韩占涛,张向阳,等.土壤中氟的形态分析[J].岩矿测试,2008,27(4):284-286.GUI J Y,HAN Z T,ZHANG X Y,et al.Speciation analysis of fluorine in soil samples[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2008,27(4):284-286.
[22]王晓蓉.环境化学[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1993.WANG X R.Environmental chemistry[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,1993.
[23]傅中平,陈永红,刘干荣,等.广西石林地貌的分布及其特征[J].广西科学院学报,2006,22(1):44-46,54.FU Z P,CHEN Y H,LIU G R,et al.Characteristics and distribution of stone forest in Guangxi[J].Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,2006,22(1):44-46,54.
[24]李庭,舒型武,肖怀德.应用ADMS确定大气环境防护距离方法探讨[J].环境工程,2011,29(3):120-123.LI T,SHU X W,XIAO H D.Discussion on calculating environment protection zone by ADMS[J].Environmental Engineering,2011,29(3):120-123.
[2]王祝堂.中国原铝深加工现状与发展趋势[J].轻金属,2012,3:3-6.WANG Z T.Present situation and development trend of primary aluminium deep processing in China[J].Light Metals,2012,3:3-6.
[3]龙智翔,谢涛,周琳,等.离子色谱法测定环境空气中可溶性氟化物含量[J].广西科学院学报,2010,26(3):273-276,279.LONG Z X,XIE T,ZHOU L,et al.Determination of the soluble fluoride content in air by ion chromatography[J].Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,2010,26(3):273-276,279.
[4]忻贤华.气体污染物的干沉降[J].气象科学,1981(5):13-15.XIN X H.Dry deposition of gas pollutants[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,1981(5):13-15.
[5] JHA S K,NAYAK A K.Fluoride accumulation in soil and vegetation in the vicinity of brick fields[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2008,80(4):369-73.
[6] TRIPATHY S,PANIGRAHI M K.Geochemistry of soil around a fluoride contaminated area in Nayagarh District,Orissa,India:Factor analytical appraisal[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2005,27(3):205-216.
[7]杨成,罗绪强,王娅,等.大气污染影响下凯里植物、土壤氟含量特征[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(19):76-79.YANG C,LUO X Q,WANG Y,et al.Characteristics of fluorine contents in plants and soils from Kaili under air pollution[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(19):76-79.
[8]郑瑜.电解铝厂周边氟化物污染特征研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2010.ZHENG Y.Study on pollution characteristics of the fluoride around the electrolysis aluminum factory[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University,2010.
[9]张西林,曾光明,蒋益民,等.电解铝厂周边土壤和农作物氟污染评价[J].环境科学与管理,2006,1:157-160.ZHANG X L,ZENG G M,JIANG Y M,et al.Assessment on fluoride pollution in soil and crop around electrolytic aluminum factory[J].Environmental Science and Management,2006,1:157-160.
[10]张西林,马超,熊如意,等.对电解铝厂周边氟污染的环境影响评价[J].中国环保产业,2012,10:41-46.ZHANG X L,MA C,XIONG R Y,et al.Environmental impact assessment on fluoride pollution around electrolysis aluminum plant[J].China Environmental Protection Industry,2012,10:41-46.
[11]李振宇.电解铝生产中含氟烟气的治理技术[J].云南冶金,2010,39(5):73-77.LI Z Y.Treatment technology of fluorine-containing fume in the electrolytic aluminium production[J].Yunnan Metallurgy,2010,39(5):73-77.
[12]刘志玲.关于电解铝厂烟气净化系统集气效率的探讨[J].有色金属设计,2006,33(2):69-74.LIU Z L.Study on hooding efficiency of the pot fume treatment plant[J].Nonferrous Metals Design,2006,33(2):69-74.
[13]环境保护部.铝电解废气氟化物和粉尘治理工程技术规范:HJ 2033-2013[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013.EnvironmentalProtectionDepartment.Technical specification for the treatment of fluoride and dust in the waste gas of aluminum electrolysis:HJ 2033-2013[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2013.
[14]环境保护部.环境影响评价技术导则大气环境:HJ 2.2-2008[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.Environmental ProtectionDepartment.Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment-Atmospheric environmental:HJ 2.2-2008[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2008.
[15]王红旗,刘新会,李国学,等.土壤环境学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.WANG H Q,LIU X H,LI G X,et al.Soil environment science[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008.
[16]赵珂.大气降尘对土壤重金属累积量估算方法探讨——以重庆市綦江县永新冶炼厂为例[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(11):55-58.ZHAO K.Discussions on the method of estimating accumulated quantity of heavy metal in soil caused by dustfall—As Yongxin smelt factory an example in Qijiang county of Chongqing[J].Environmental Science and Management,2007,32(11):55-58.
[17]朱铁才,葛仙梅.废气重金属排放对土壤累积影响评价方法探讨[J].环境与发展,2017,29(3):44-45.ZHU T C,GE X M.Effects of heavy metal emissions from exhaust on soil accumulation evaluation method[J].Environment and Development,2017,29(3):44-45.
[18]郭志明,韩震,王浩宇,等.气源性重金属污染物在土壤中的累积效果以及影响预测分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2015,40(5):64-66.GUO Z M,HAN Z,WANG H Y,et al.On cumulative effect and the impact predictive analysis of air-borne heavy metal pollutants in the soil[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2015,40(5):64-66.
[19]刘康怀,李纯,蓝俊康,等.广西红壤类土的地球化学演化和退化[J].广西科学,2001,8(3):215-217,222.LIU K H,LI C,LAN J K,et al.Geochemical evolution and degeneration of red soils in Guangxi[J].Guangxi Sciences,2001,8(3):215-217,222.
[20]李纯,刘康怀,兰俊康,等.腐植酸及其土壤环境保护意义[J].广西科学院学报,2001,17(3):129-132.LI C,LIU K H,LAN J K,et al.Humic acid and its significant in protection of soil environment[J].Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,2001,17(3):129-132.
[21]桂建业,韩占涛,张向阳,等.土壤中氟的形态分析[J].岩矿测试,2008,27(4):284-286.GUI J Y,HAN Z T,ZHANG X Y,et al.Speciation analysis of fluorine in soil samples[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2008,27(4):284-286.
[22]王晓蓉.环境化学[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1993.WANG X R.Environmental chemistry[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,1993.
[23]傅中平,陈永红,刘干荣,等.广西石林地貌的分布及其特征[J].广西科学院学报,2006,22(1):44-46,54.FU Z P,CHEN Y H,LIU G R,et al.Characteristics and distribution of stone forest in Guangxi[J].Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,2006,22(1):44-46,54.
[24]李庭,舒型武,肖怀德.应用ADMS确定大气环境防护距离方法探讨[J].环境工程,2011,29(3):120-123.LI T,SHU X W,XIAO H D.Discussion on calculating environment protection zone by ADMS[J].Environmental Engineering,2011,29(3):120-123.