集装箱房抗侧刚度分析Ⅱ:侧板开洞影响
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摘要
根据使用功能的需要,工程中往往需要对集装箱房进行开洞处理,而这会对其抗侧刚度产生较大影响.为得到侧板开洞集装箱房的抗侧刚度计算公式,本文研究了侧板开洞对边界焊接波纹蒙皮结构的折减系数以及不同的开洞形式对折减系数的影响.首先,根据欧洲蒙皮理论对集装箱侧板开洞形式进行了限制,并推导了相应的折减系数计算公式.然后,利用ABAQUS有限元模拟方法对理论进行验证,并针对限制条件中容易超出的3条(窗形洞口的高度、形状以及门形洞口的位置)进行超限分析.最后,利用课题组已有试验数据,对开洞集装箱的有限元建模方法进行验证.结果表明:窗形开洞会导致洞口四周发生明显的应力集中现象,使得整体抗侧刚度大幅削弱,而洞口四周进行加固处理则能有效抑制这种现象;实际工程中,宜优先考虑开设圆形洞口,其平滑对称的形状能削弱应力集中现象,在同等采光面积的前提下,相对方形洞口更为有利;而门形开洞对洞口位置敏感,应该尽量居中布置,否则会导致明显的局部效应.
Due to the need of the function as a construction,container houses are usually required opening treatments in practical engineering,which will influence the whole lateral stiffness significantly. To get the lateral stiffness theoretical calculation formula of container house with openings,this paper studied the reduction factor from the influence of openings on the corrugated skin structure welded on four sides. Based on the diaphragm theory of Europe,the forms of openings were limited and the corresponding calculation formula of the reduction factor was deduced. Then the finite element model built with ABAQUS was adopted to verify the theory,and for the three limitations which were most easily to be exceeded( the height \ shape of window and the position of door) were analyzed. Through the existing experimental data,the proposed finite element model was verified. The results indicate that the window type openings cause the obvious stress concentration at the place close to openings,so corresponding deformation increases and overall lateral stiffness is reduced,while the reinforcement of openings can effectively reduce this tendency. In practical engineering,a circular window should be considered firstly instead of rectangle one,the smooth and symmetrical shape of which can weaken the stress concentration compared with the rectangle shape under the premise of the same area. Door shaped opening is sensitive to the position,and it should be center layout to reduce obvious local effect.
Due to the need of the function as a construction,container houses are usually required opening treatments in practical engineering,which will influence the whole lateral stiffness significantly. To get the lateral stiffness theoretical calculation formula of container house with openings,this paper studied the reduction factor from the influence of openings on the corrugated skin structure welded on four sides. Based on the diaphragm theory of Europe,the forms of openings were limited and the corresponding calculation formula of the reduction factor was deduced. Then the finite element model built with ABAQUS was adopted to verify the theory,and for the three limitations which were most easily to be exceeded( the height \ shape of window and the position of door) were analyzed. Through the existing experimental data,the proposed finite element model was verified. The results indicate that the window type openings cause the obvious stress concentration at the place close to openings,so corresponding deformation increases and overall lateral stiffness is reduced,while the reinforcement of openings can effectively reduce this tendency. In practical engineering,a circular window should be considered firstly instead of rectangle one,the smooth and symmetrical shape of which can weaken the stress concentration compared with the rectangle shape under the premise of the same area. Door shaped opening is sensitive to the position,and it should be center layout to reduce obvious local effect.
引文
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[14]左洋,查晓雄.开洞集装箱房屋结构纵向刚度分析[J].天津大学学报,2015,48(2):167-176.ZUO Yang,ZHA Xiaoxiong.Analysis of longitudinal stiffness of container building structure with holes[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2015,48(2):167-176.
[15]李英磊,马荣奎,李元齐.集装箱模块化组合房屋单体纵向抗侧刚度及承载力数值分析[J].建筑钢结构进展,2014,16(1):28-33.LI Yinglei,MA Rongkui,LI Yuanqi.Numerical analysis on longitudinal stiffness and ultimate strength of single container for modular freight container buildings[J].Progress in Steel Building Structures,2014,16(1):28-33.
[16]ECCS.European recommendations for the stressed skin design of steel structures[S].Croydon:European Convention for Constructional Steelwork,1977:56-58.
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[2]SMITH J D.Shipping containers as building component[D].Brighton:University of Brighton,2005.
[3]NELSON D.House,shipping container homes for beginners:how to live in a shipping container house[J].Create Space Independent Publishing Platform,2015,86(3):1356-1361.
[4]GARRIDO L.Sustainable architecture containers[J].Trans-Atlantic Publications,2011,45(3):197-218.
[5]王明超.集装箱式再生建筑空间设计研究[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2014.WANG Mingchao.Study on the regeneration design of container construction space[D].Jinan:Shandong Jianzhu University,2014.
[6]曾庆成,孙丽敏,杨忠振.集装箱码头装卸混合调度模型[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,41(10):287-289.ZENG Qingcheng,SUN Limin,YANG Zhongzhen.A scheduling model integrating loading and unloading operations at container terminals[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2009,41(10):287-289.
[7]GIRIUNAS K,SEZEN H,DUPAIX R B.Evaluation,modeling,and analysis of shipping container building structures[J].Engineering Structures,2012,43:48-57.
[8]BRVIK T,HANSSEN A G,DEY S,et al.On the ballistic and blast load response of a 20 ft ISO container protected with aluminium panels filled with a local mass-phase I:design of protective system[J].Engineering Structures,2008,30(6):1605-1620.
[9]AGUIAR D S,KIRKAYAK L,SUZUKI K,et al.Experimental and numerical analysis of container multiple stacks dynamics using a scaled model[J].Ocean Engineering,2013,74:218.
[10]KIRKAYAK L,SOUZA V,SUZUKI K,et al.On the vibrational characteristics of a two-tier scaled container stack[J].Journal of Marine Science and Technology,2011,16(3):354-365.
[11]王璐璐.基于建筑和结构安全统一的废旧集装箱改造房构造的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.WANG Lulu.Study on construction of used shipping container buildings based on tne combination of architecture and structural security[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[12]钟建伟.集装箱模块化改造房力学性能的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.ZHONG Jianwei.Research on mechanical properties of container modular transform house[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011.
[13]曾毓鑫.集装箱房抗侧及防火性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.ZENG Yuxin.Research on lateral resistance and fire performance of container house[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2012.
[14]左洋,查晓雄.开洞集装箱房屋结构纵向刚度分析[J].天津大学学报,2015,48(2):167-176.ZUO Yang,ZHA Xiaoxiong.Analysis of longitudinal stiffness of container building structure with holes[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2015,48(2):167-176.
[15]李英磊,马荣奎,李元齐.集装箱模块化组合房屋单体纵向抗侧刚度及承载力数值分析[J].建筑钢结构进展,2014,16(1):28-33.LI Yinglei,MA Rongkui,LI Yuanqi.Numerical analysis on longitudinal stiffness and ultimate strength of single container for modular freight container buildings[J].Progress in Steel Building Structures,2014,16(1):28-33.
[16]ECCS.European recommendations for the stressed skin design of steel structures[S].Croydon:European Convention for Constructional Steelwork,1977:56-58.
[17]DAVIES J M,BRYAN E R.Manual of stressed skin diaphragm design[M].Wiley,1982:89-93.
[18]DAVIES J M.Light gauge steel diaphragms with openings[J].IABSE Proceedings,1978,2(12):755-768.