利用昆虫携带的花粉初探西藏入侵植物印加孔雀草在当地传粉网络中的地位
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摘要
入侵植物在新生境中成功定殖后,通过利用当地传粉昆虫促进繁殖可以更好地保证种群的扩张,但是入侵植物在当地传粉网络中的角色和地位仍不是很清楚。本文利用西藏近年发现的入侵植物印加孔雀草(Tagetes minuta),分析其访花昆虫所携带的植物花粉种类,构建了植物花粉–传粉者网络,探讨印加孔雀草快速入侵和扩张的可能机制。结果表明印加孔雀草为泛化传粉系统,共有13种昆虫访花,其中12种携带有印加孔雀草花粉,所有花粉中印加孔雀草花粉数量占比为89.89%。12种印加孔雀草传粉昆虫中, 4种泛化传粉昆虫(1种蜂、2种食蚜蝇和1种蝇)是其主要传粉昆虫。本研究揭示印加孔雀草在较短时间内已经成功利用多种当地泛化传粉昆虫为其授粉,已顺利融入当地的传粉网络,今后需要更加重视对印加孔雀草的防控。
Invasive plants that use local pollinators would better ensure their expansion in the new environment, but the role and status of the invasive plants on local pollination network is still unclear. In this paper, we analyzed the pollen grains of Tagetes minuta carried by pollinators and constructed a plant-pollinator network, to explore the roles and impacts of T. minuta in local pollination network. The results showed that pollination system of T. minuta was generalized, and there were 13 insect species visiting its flowers, 12 of which carried pollen grains of T. minuta, and the pollen grains of T. minuta accounted for89.89%. Among the 12 pollinator species of T. minuta, one species of bees, two species of scorpion flies and one species of flies are the main pollinators. This study reveals that T. minuta has successfully used a variety of local pollinators for pollination in a relatively short period of time, indicating that T. minuta has strong adaptability and diffusion ability, and it is necessary to pay more attentions to the prevention and control of T.minuta in the future.
Invasive plants that use local pollinators would better ensure their expansion in the new environment, but the role and status of the invasive plants on local pollination network is still unclear. In this paper, we analyzed the pollen grains of Tagetes minuta carried by pollinators and constructed a plant-pollinator network, to explore the roles and impacts of T. minuta in local pollination network. The results showed that pollination system of T. minuta was generalized, and there were 13 insect species visiting its flowers, 12 of which carried pollen grains of T. minuta, and the pollen grains of T. minuta accounted for89.89%. Among the 12 pollinator species of T. minuta, one species of bees, two species of scorpion flies and one species of flies are the main pollinators. This study reveals that T. minuta has successfully used a variety of local pollinators for pollination in a relatively short period of time, indicating that T. minuta has strong adaptability and diffusion ability, and it is necessary to pay more attentions to the prevention and control of T.minuta in the future.
引文
Arceo-Gómez G,Ashman TL(2016)Invasion status and phylogenetic relatedness predict cost of heterospecific pollen receipt:Implications for native biodiversity decline.Journal of Ecology,104,1003-1008.
Bascompte J,Jordano P,Melián CJ,Olesen JM(2003)The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA,100,9383-9387.
Bascompte J,Jordano P,Olesen JM(2006)Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance.Science,312,431-433.
Bluthgen N,Menzel F,Bluthgen N(2006)Measuring specialization in species interaction networks.BMC Ecology,6,9.
Brennan AC,Harris SA,Hiscock SJ(2005)Modes and rates of selfing and associated inbreeding depression in the self-incompatible plant Senecio squalidus(Asteraceae):A successful colonizing species in the British Isles.New Phytologist,168,475-486.
Campbell LG,Husband BC(2007)Small populations are mate-poor but pollinator-rich in a rare,self-incompatible plant,Hymenoxys herbacea(Asteraceae).New Phytologist,174,915-925.
Dong ZG,Liu QX,Hu J,Deng MB,Xiong YN(2013)New records of naturalized plants from the Chinese Mainland.Guihaia,33,432-434.(in Chinese with English abstract)[董振国,刘启新,胡君,邓懋彬,熊豫宁(2013)中国大陆归化植物新记录.广西植物,33,432-434.]
Eviner VT,Garbach K,Baty JH,Hoskinson SA(2012)Measuring the effects of invasive plants on ecosystem services:Challenges and prospects.Invasive Plant Science and Management,5,125-136.
Fang Q,Huang SQ(2012)Progress in pollination networks:Network structure and dynamics.Biodiversity Science,20,300-307.(in Chinese with English abstract)[方强,黄双全(2012)传粉网络的研究进展:网络的结构和动态.生物多样性,20,300-307.]
Flanagan RJ,Mitchell RJ,Karron JD(2010)Increased relative abundance of an invasive competitor for pollination,Lythrum salicaria,reduces seed number in Mimulus ringens.Oecologia,164,445-454.
Goodell K,Parker IM(2017)Invasion of a dominant floral resource:Effects on the floral community and pollination of native plants.Ecology,98,57-69.
Hao J,Sheng Q,Thomas C,Mark VK,Liu Q(2011)A test of baker’s law:Breeding systems of invasive species of Asteraceae in China.Biological Invasions,13,571-580.
Jeschke JM,Bacher S,Blackburn TM,Dick JTA,Essl F,Evans T,Gaertner M,Hulme PE,Kühn I,Mruga?a A(2015)Defining the impact of non-native species.Conservation Biology,28,1188-1194.
Ju RT,Li H,Shi CJ,Li B(2012)Progress of biological invasions research in China over the last decade.Biodiversity Science,20,581-611.(in Chinese with English abstract)[鞠瑞亭,李慧,石正人,李博(2012)近十年中国生物入侵研究进展.生物多样性,20,581-611.]
Kaiser-Bunbury CN,Mougal J,Whittington AE,Valentin T,Gabriel R,Olesen JM,Bluthgen N(2017)Ecosystem restoration strengthens pollination network resilience and function.Nature,542,223-227.
Kearns CA,Inouye DW,Waser NM(1998)Endangered mutualisms:The conservation of plant-pollinator interactions.Annual Review of Ecology&Systematics,29,83-112.
Lang DD,Tang M,Zhou X(2018)Qualitative and quantitative molecular construction of plant-pollinator network:Application and prospective.Biodiversity Science,26,445-456.(in Chinese with English abstract)[郎丹丹,唐敏,周欣(2018)传粉网络构建的定性定量分子研究:应用与展望.生物多样性,26,445-456.]
Lopezaraiza-Mikel ME,Hayes RB,Whalley MR,Memmott J(2007)The impact of an alien plant on a native plant-pollinator network:An experimental approach.Ecology Letters,10,539-550.
McKinney AM,Goodell K(2011)Plant-pollinator interactions between an invasive and native plant vary between sites with different flowering phenology.Plant Ecology,212,1025-1035.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(2005)Ecosystems and Human Well-Being:Synthesis.Island Press,Washington,DC.
Olesen JM,Bascompte J,Dupont YL,Jordano P(2007)The modularity of pollination networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA,104,19891-19896.
Padrón B,Traveset A,Biedenweg T,Díaz D,Nogales M,Olesen JM(2009)Impact of alien plant invaders on pollination networks in two archipelagos.PLoS ONE,4,e6275.
Potts SG,Imperatrizfonseca V,Ngo HT,Aizen MA,Biesmeijer JC,Breeze TD,Dicks LV,Garibaldi LA,Hill R,Settele J(2016)Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being.Nature,540,220-229.
Powell KI,Krakos KN,Knight TM(2011)Comparing the reproductive success and pollination biology of an invasive plant to its rare and common native congeners:A case study in the genus Cirsium(Asteraceae).Biological Invasions,13,905-917.
Richardson RT,Lin CH,Sponsler DB,Quijia JO,Goodell K,Johnson RM(2015)Application of ITS2 metabarcoding to determine the provenance of pollen collected by honey bees in an agroecosystem.Applications in Plant Sciences,3,235-250.
Schemske DW(1983)Limits to Specialization and Coevolution in Plant-Animal Mutualisms.Chicago University Press,Chicago.
Sun SG,Lu B,Lu XM,Huang SQ(2018)On reproductive strategies of invasive plants and their impacts on native plants.Biodiversity Science,26,457-467.(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙士国,卢斌,卢新民,黄双全(2018)入侵植物的繁殖策略以及对本土植物繁殖的影响.生物多样性,26,457-467.]
Wan FH,Guo JY,Wang DH(2002)Alien invasive species in China:Their damages and management strategies.Biodiversity Science,10,119-125.(in Chinese with English abstract)[万方浩,郭建英,王德辉(2002)中国外来入侵生物的危害与管理对策.生物多样性,10,119-125.]
Wang H,Cao GX,Wang LL,Yang YP,Zhang ZQ,Duan YW(2017)Evaluation of pollinator effectiveness based on pollen deposition and seed production in a gynodieocious alpine plant,Cyananthus delavayi.Ecology and Evolution,7,8156-8160.
Weber E,Li B(2008)Plant invasions in China:What is to be expected in the wake of economic development?Bio Science,58,437-444.
Weber E,Sun SG,Li B(2008)Invasive alien plants in China:Diversity and ecological insights.Biological Invasions,10,1411-1429.
Xie Y,Li ZY,Gregg WP,Dianmo L(2001)Invasive species in China-An overview.Biodiversity and Conservation,10,1317-1341.
Xu M,Tashi T(2015)A newly naturalized plant in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Guihaia,35,554-555.(in Chinese with English abstract)[许敏,扎西次仁(2015)青藏高原一新归化种.广西植物,35,554-555.]
Zhang JL,LüYF,Bian Y,Liu RS,Jiang L(2014)A new kind of invasive plant from mainland China-Tagetes minuta L.Plant Quarantine,28(2),65-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张劲林,吕玉峰,边勇,刘若思,江璐(2014)中国境内(内地)一种新的入侵植物--印加孔雀草.植物检疫,28(2),65-67.]
Zhu SX,Qin HN,Chen YL(2005)Alien species of Compositae in China.Guihaia,25,69-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)[朱世新,覃海宁,陈艺林(2005)中国菊科植物外来种概述.广西植物,25,69-76.]
Bascompte J,Jordano P,Melián CJ,Olesen JM(2003)The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA,100,9383-9387.
Bascompte J,Jordano P,Olesen JM(2006)Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance.Science,312,431-433.
Bluthgen N,Menzel F,Bluthgen N(2006)Measuring specialization in species interaction networks.BMC Ecology,6,9.
Brennan AC,Harris SA,Hiscock SJ(2005)Modes and rates of selfing and associated inbreeding depression in the self-incompatible plant Senecio squalidus(Asteraceae):A successful colonizing species in the British Isles.New Phytologist,168,475-486.
Campbell LG,Husband BC(2007)Small populations are mate-poor but pollinator-rich in a rare,self-incompatible plant,Hymenoxys herbacea(Asteraceae).New Phytologist,174,915-925.
Dong ZG,Liu QX,Hu J,Deng MB,Xiong YN(2013)New records of naturalized plants from the Chinese Mainland.Guihaia,33,432-434.(in Chinese with English abstract)[董振国,刘启新,胡君,邓懋彬,熊豫宁(2013)中国大陆归化植物新记录.广西植物,33,432-434.]
Eviner VT,Garbach K,Baty JH,Hoskinson SA(2012)Measuring the effects of invasive plants on ecosystem services:Challenges and prospects.Invasive Plant Science and Management,5,125-136.
Fang Q,Huang SQ(2012)Progress in pollination networks:Network structure and dynamics.Biodiversity Science,20,300-307.(in Chinese with English abstract)[方强,黄双全(2012)传粉网络的研究进展:网络的结构和动态.生物多样性,20,300-307.]
Flanagan RJ,Mitchell RJ,Karron JD(2010)Increased relative abundance of an invasive competitor for pollination,Lythrum salicaria,reduces seed number in Mimulus ringens.Oecologia,164,445-454.
Goodell K,Parker IM(2017)Invasion of a dominant floral resource:Effects on the floral community and pollination of native plants.Ecology,98,57-69.
Hao J,Sheng Q,Thomas C,Mark VK,Liu Q(2011)A test of baker’s law:Breeding systems of invasive species of Asteraceae in China.Biological Invasions,13,571-580.
Jeschke JM,Bacher S,Blackburn TM,Dick JTA,Essl F,Evans T,Gaertner M,Hulme PE,Kühn I,Mruga?a A(2015)Defining the impact of non-native species.Conservation Biology,28,1188-1194.
Ju RT,Li H,Shi CJ,Li B(2012)Progress of biological invasions research in China over the last decade.Biodiversity Science,20,581-611.(in Chinese with English abstract)[鞠瑞亭,李慧,石正人,李博(2012)近十年中国生物入侵研究进展.生物多样性,20,581-611.]
Kaiser-Bunbury CN,Mougal J,Whittington AE,Valentin T,Gabriel R,Olesen JM,Bluthgen N(2017)Ecosystem restoration strengthens pollination network resilience and function.Nature,542,223-227.
Kearns CA,Inouye DW,Waser NM(1998)Endangered mutualisms:The conservation of plant-pollinator interactions.Annual Review of Ecology&Systematics,29,83-112.
Lang DD,Tang M,Zhou X(2018)Qualitative and quantitative molecular construction of plant-pollinator network:Application and prospective.Biodiversity Science,26,445-456.(in Chinese with English abstract)[郎丹丹,唐敏,周欣(2018)传粉网络构建的定性定量分子研究:应用与展望.生物多样性,26,445-456.]
Lopezaraiza-Mikel ME,Hayes RB,Whalley MR,Memmott J(2007)The impact of an alien plant on a native plant-pollinator network:An experimental approach.Ecology Letters,10,539-550.
McKinney AM,Goodell K(2011)Plant-pollinator interactions between an invasive and native plant vary between sites with different flowering phenology.Plant Ecology,212,1025-1035.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(2005)Ecosystems and Human Well-Being:Synthesis.Island Press,Washington,DC.
Olesen JM,Bascompte J,Dupont YL,Jordano P(2007)The modularity of pollination networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA,104,19891-19896.
Padrón B,Traveset A,Biedenweg T,Díaz D,Nogales M,Olesen JM(2009)Impact of alien plant invaders on pollination networks in two archipelagos.PLoS ONE,4,e6275.
Potts SG,Imperatrizfonseca V,Ngo HT,Aizen MA,Biesmeijer JC,Breeze TD,Dicks LV,Garibaldi LA,Hill R,Settele J(2016)Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being.Nature,540,220-229.
Powell KI,Krakos KN,Knight TM(2011)Comparing the reproductive success and pollination biology of an invasive plant to its rare and common native congeners:A case study in the genus Cirsium(Asteraceae).Biological Invasions,13,905-917.
Richardson RT,Lin CH,Sponsler DB,Quijia JO,Goodell K,Johnson RM(2015)Application of ITS2 metabarcoding to determine the provenance of pollen collected by honey bees in an agroecosystem.Applications in Plant Sciences,3,235-250.
Schemske DW(1983)Limits to Specialization and Coevolution in Plant-Animal Mutualisms.Chicago University Press,Chicago.
Sun SG,Lu B,Lu XM,Huang SQ(2018)On reproductive strategies of invasive plants and their impacts on native plants.Biodiversity Science,26,457-467.(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙士国,卢斌,卢新民,黄双全(2018)入侵植物的繁殖策略以及对本土植物繁殖的影响.生物多样性,26,457-467.]
Wan FH,Guo JY,Wang DH(2002)Alien invasive species in China:Their damages and management strategies.Biodiversity Science,10,119-125.(in Chinese with English abstract)[万方浩,郭建英,王德辉(2002)中国外来入侵生物的危害与管理对策.生物多样性,10,119-125.]
Wang H,Cao GX,Wang LL,Yang YP,Zhang ZQ,Duan YW(2017)Evaluation of pollinator effectiveness based on pollen deposition and seed production in a gynodieocious alpine plant,Cyananthus delavayi.Ecology and Evolution,7,8156-8160.
Weber E,Li B(2008)Plant invasions in China:What is to be expected in the wake of economic development?Bio Science,58,437-444.
Weber E,Sun SG,Li B(2008)Invasive alien plants in China:Diversity and ecological insights.Biological Invasions,10,1411-1429.
Xie Y,Li ZY,Gregg WP,Dianmo L(2001)Invasive species in China-An overview.Biodiversity and Conservation,10,1317-1341.
Xu M,Tashi T(2015)A newly naturalized plant in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Guihaia,35,554-555.(in Chinese with English abstract)[许敏,扎西次仁(2015)青藏高原一新归化种.广西植物,35,554-555.]
Zhang JL,LüYF,Bian Y,Liu RS,Jiang L(2014)A new kind of invasive plant from mainland China-Tagetes minuta L.Plant Quarantine,28(2),65-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张劲林,吕玉峰,边勇,刘若思,江璐(2014)中国境内(内地)一种新的入侵植物--印加孔雀草.植物检疫,28(2),65-67.]
Zhu SX,Qin HN,Chen YL(2005)Alien species of Compositae in China.Guihaia,25,69-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)[朱世新,覃海宁,陈艺林(2005)中国菊科植物外来种概述.广西植物,25,69-76.]