风廓线雷达和雨滴谱仪资料在北京一次弱雨雪天气中的特征分析
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摘要
利用北京市海淀区风廓线雷达、OTT Parsivel 2多功能激光雨滴谱仪和自动气象站观测资料,对2016年11月20日北京一次雨雪天气过程的演变特征进行了初步分析。结果表明:(1)风廓线(低模式)雷达反射率因子与雨滴谱仪反射率因子序列的变化趋势一致。当风廓线雷达反射率因子亮带消失后,雨滴谱反射率因子序列出现先降后升的小幅波动,降水相态转为降雪。(2)降水相态发生雨雪转换时,风廓线雷达谱宽600 m高度分散的大值区减弱并随高度降低后,雨滴谱仪数浓度出现先降后升的小幅度波动。(3)本次弱降水相态转换发生时,风廓线雷达所探测的垂直径向速度变化不明显,而雨滴谱仪降雨强度变化却有明显减弱特征,其雨强由5 mm·h~(-1)下降至1 mm·h~(-1)左右,这对临近降水相态变化的监测预报有一定指示意义。
Based on the data of wind profile radar,OTT Parsivel 2 multi-function laser raindrop spectrometer and automatic weather station observation of Haidian District,Beijing,the evolution characteristics of a weather event from rain to snow in Beijing on November 20,2016 were analyzed. The results are as follows:( 1) The reflectivity factor trend detected by the wind profile( low mode) radar and raindrop spectrometer was consistent. When the bright band of the wind profile radar reflectivity factor disappeared,the raindrop spectral reflectivity factor had a small fluctuation,and the precipitation phase changed from rain to snow.( 2) When the precipitation phase transition occurred,the large value of the wind profile radar spectrum width on 600 m weakened,the number concentration of the raindrop spectrometer showed a small fluctuation with the first dropping and then rise.( 3) When the phase transition of this weak precipitation occurred,the vertical velocity characteristics detected by the wind profiler radar were not obvious. However,the rainfall intensity of the raindrop spectrum instrument weakened obviously,and it decreased from 5 mm·h~(-1) to about 1 mm·h~(-1),this had certain guiding significance for the monitoring and forecasting of precipitation phase changes in the nowcasting.
Based on the data of wind profile radar,OTT Parsivel 2 multi-function laser raindrop spectrometer and automatic weather station observation of Haidian District,Beijing,the evolution characteristics of a weather event from rain to snow in Beijing on November 20,2016 were analyzed. The results are as follows:( 1) The reflectivity factor trend detected by the wind profile( low mode) radar and raindrop spectrometer was consistent. When the bright band of the wind profile radar reflectivity factor disappeared,the raindrop spectral reflectivity factor had a small fluctuation,and the precipitation phase changed from rain to snow.( 2) When the precipitation phase transition occurred,the large value of the wind profile radar spectrum width on 600 m weakened,the number concentration of the raindrop spectrometer showed a small fluctuation with the first dropping and then rise.( 3) When the phase transition of this weak precipitation occurred,the vertical velocity characteristics detected by the wind profiler radar were not obvious. However,the rainfall intensity of the raindrop spectrum instrument weakened obviously,and it decreased from 5 mm·h~(-1) to about 1 mm·h~(-1),this had certain guiding significance for the monitoring and forecasting of precipitation phase changes in the nowcasting.
引文
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[22]郭建,唐德才.山东一次适宜增雨作业的雨滴谱特征分析[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(3):383-387.
[23]曲巧娜,盛春岩,孙青,等.风廓线雷达与L波段探空雷达测风资料的对比[J].干旱气象,2016,34(6):1078-1086.
[24]汪学渊,阮征,李效东,等.雨滴谱仪与风廓线雷达反射率对比试验[J].气象,2016,42(1):107-114.
[25]杨俊梅,王星星,封秋娟,等.山西汾阳地区层状云和对流云降水雨滴谱特征[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):439-445.
[2]张寅,樊超,赵娜,等.长安风廓线雷达测风资料的可靠性验证[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):507-515.
[3]刘成.风廓线雷达在高空风场分析中的应用[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2013,7(2):56-60.
[4]刘晨,毛文茜,樊旭,等.山地丘陵地区ST风廓线雷达的探测性能评估[J].干旱气象,2018,36(2):326-330.
[5]阿不力米提,于碧馨,李海燕.乌鲁木齐风廓线雷达资料在暴雨天气过程中的应用[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(3):42-47.
[6]周之栩.风廓线雷达资料在暴雪天气过程中的应用[J].气象与环境科学,2012,35(4):69-72.
[7]曾瑾瑜,夏丽花,陈文键.福建省风廓线雷达资料在一次强对流天气过程中的应用[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(3):40-48.
[8]罗娟.风廓线雷达资料在重庆暴雨过程中应用分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2017(3):40-45.
[9]李峰,施红蓉.一次多相态天气过程的风廓线雷达探测资料特征分析[J].气象,2014,40(8):992-999.
[10]施红蓉,李峰,吴蕾,等.风廓线雷达对降水相态变化的观测分析[J].气象,2014,40(10):1259-1265.
[11]宫福久,刘吉成,李子华.三类降水云雨滴谱特征研究[J].大气科学,1997,21(5):607-614.
[12]刘红燕,陈洪滨,雷恒池,等.利用2004年北京雨滴谱资料分析降水强度和雷达反射率因子的关系[J].气象学报,2008,66(1):125-129.
[13]余东升,徐青山,徐赤东,等.雨滴谱测量技术研究进展[J].大气与环境光学学报,2011,6(6):403-408.
[14]王慧娟,熊守权,李德俊,等.基于激光雨滴谱仪的一次降水云滴谱特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2013,33(1):17-22.
[15]朱亚乔,刘元波.地面雨滴谱观测技术及特征研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(6):685-694.
[16]周黎明.地面雨滴谱观测与分析研究进展[J].山东气象,2014,34(3):1-5.
[17]江新安,王敏仲.伊犁河谷汛期一次短时强降水雨滴谱特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(5):56-61.
[18]张治,刘青,李崇,等.利用激光雨滴谱仪对一次雨转雪过程分析[J].现代农业科技,2016(4):219-221.
[19]谢媛,陈钟荣,戴建华,等.上海地区几类强降水雨滴谱特征分析[J].气象科学,2015,35(3):353-361.
[20]MIAO S B,LU Y H,GUI H Q,et al. Precipitation inversion anderror correction of laser raindrop monitor[J]. Journal of Atmos-pheric&Environmental Optics,2011,6(6):423-431.
[21]黄钰,阮征,罗秀明,等.垂直探测雷达的降水云分类方法在北京地区的应用[J].高原气象,2015,34(3):815-824.
[22]郭建,唐德才.山东一次适宜增雨作业的雨滴谱特征分析[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(3):383-387.
[23]曲巧娜,盛春岩,孙青,等.风廓线雷达与L波段探空雷达测风资料的对比[J].干旱气象,2016,34(6):1078-1086.
[24]汪学渊,阮征,李效东,等.雨滴谱仪与风廓线雷达反射率对比试验[J].气象,2016,42(1):107-114.
[25]杨俊梅,王星星,封秋娟,等.山西汾阳地区层状云和对流云降水雨滴谱特征[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):439-445.