考虑电价型需求响应的交直流混合配电网优化调度
|
摘要
直流配电技术的发展,为分布式电源的接入提供了更加高效的方式,使得配电网呈现出交直流混合的拓扑形态。充分考虑将电价型需求响应应用在交直流混合配电网优化运行中,将主网电价与用户侧需求响应通过阶梯式弹性建模方法加以表示,在输配分离的电力市场环境下,实现确保交直流混合系统安全运行的同时最大化配电网主体的总收益。此外,交直流混合配电网优化调度模型属于非凸优化问题,采用二阶锥松弛和线性化技术将其转化为混合整数二阶锥凸优化问题,以快速求解,便于在实际交直流混合配电系统中应用。最后,通过构建的交直流混合配电网仿真算例验证了模型的有效性。
Development of DC distribution technology provides a more efficient way for access of distributed power sources, making distribution network form a hybrid AC/DC topology. This paper gives full consideration of applying price-based demand response to hybrid AC/DC power network operation and uses stepwise elastic load curve modeling method to characterize the relationship between electricity price and load response. In future power market environment, the total profit of the hybrid AC/DC distribution network is maximized while ensuring safe operation of the system. In addition, the optimal scheduling model of hybrid AC/DC distribution networks belongs to the non-convex optimization problem, became the domain of second-order cone programming with second-order cone relaxation and linearization techniques. In this way, the optimization problem can be solved quickly and used in actual hybrid AC/DC distribution systems. Finally, effectiveness of the model is verified with an simulation example of hybrid AC/DC distribution network.
Development of DC distribution technology provides a more efficient way for access of distributed power sources, making distribution network form a hybrid AC/DC topology. This paper gives full consideration of applying price-based demand response to hybrid AC/DC power network operation and uses stepwise elastic load curve modeling method to characterize the relationship between electricity price and load response. In future power market environment, the total profit of the hybrid AC/DC distribution network is maximized while ensuring safe operation of the system. In addition, the optimal scheduling model of hybrid AC/DC distribution networks belongs to the non-convex optimization problem, became the domain of second-order cone programming with second-order cone relaxation and linearization techniques. In this way, the optimization problem can be solved quickly and used in actual hybrid AC/DC distribution systems. Finally, effectiveness of the model is verified with an simulation example of hybrid AC/DC distribution network.
引文
[1]黄仁乐,蒲天骄,刘克文,等.城市能源互联网功能体系及应用方案设计[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):26-33.Huang Renle,Pu Tianjiao,Liu Kewen,et al.Design of hierarchy and functions of regional energy internet and its demonstration applications[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):26-33(in Chinese).
[2]沙熠,邱晓燕,宁雪姣,等.协调储能与柔性负荷的主动配电网多目标优化调度[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1394-1399.Sha Yi,Qiu Xiaoyan,Ning Xuejiao,et al.Multi-objective optimization of active distribution network by coordinating energy storage system and flexible load[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1394-1399(in Chinese).
[3]齐琛,汪可友,李国杰,等.交直流混合主动配电网的分层分布式优化调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(7):1909-1917.Qi Chen,Wang Keyou,Li Guojie,et al.Hierarchical and distributed optimal scheduling of AC/DC hybrid active distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(7):1909-1917(in Chinese).
[4]Frank S M,Rebennack S.Optimal design of mixed AC-DCdistribution systems for commercial buildings:a nonconvex generalized benders decomposition approach[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2015,242(3):710-729.
[5]Shaaban M F,Eajal A A,El-Saadany E F.Coordinated charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in smart hybrid AC/DC distribution systems[J].Renewable Energy,2015,82(1):92-99.
[6]Gan L,Li N,Topcu U,et al.Exact convex relaxation of optimal power flow in radial networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,2015,60(1):72-87.
[7]Huang S,Wu Q,Wang J,et al.A sufficient condition on convex relaxation of AC optimal power flow in distribution networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(2):1359-1368.
[8]Nick M,Cherkaoui R,Leboudec J Y,et al.An exact convex formulation of the optimal power flow in radial distribution networks including transverse components[J].IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,2018,63(3):682-697.
[9]韩禹歆,陈来军,王召健,等.基于自适应步长ADMM的直流配电网分布式最优潮流[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(11):26-37.Han Yuxin,Chen Laijun,Wang Zhaojian,et al.Distributed optimal power flow in direct current distribution network based on alternative direction method of multipliers with dynamic step size[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(11):26-37(in Chinese).
[10]刘一兵,吴文传,张伯明,等.基于混合整数二阶锥规划的主动配电网有功-无功协调多时段优化运行[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2575-2583.Liu Yibing,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.A mixed integer second-order cone programming based active and reactive power coordinated multi-period optimization for active distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2575-2583(in Chinese).
[11]Li Q,Ayyanar R,Vittal V.Convex optimization for DES planning and operation in radial distribution systems with high penetration of photovoltaic resources[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(3):985-995.
[12]Wang C,Wei W,Wang J,et al.Convex optimization based distributed optimal gas-power flow calculation[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2018,9(3):1145-1156.
[13]He Y,Shahidehpour M,Li Z,et al.Robust constrained operation of integrated electricity-natural gas system considering distributed natural gas storage[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2018,9(3):1061-1071.
[14]Kocuk B,Dey S S,Sun X.New formulation and strong MISOCPrelaxations for AC optimal transmission switching problem[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2017,32(6):4161-4170.
[15]Kuang X,Ghaddar B,Naoum-Sawaya J,et al.Alternative LP and SOCP hierarchies for ACOPF problems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(4):2828-2836.
[16]álvaro Lorca,Sun X A.The adaptive robust multi-period alternating current optimal power flow problem[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(2):1993-2003.
[17]孟晓丽,高君,盛万兴,等.含分布式电源的配电网日前两阶段优化调度模型[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1294-1300.Meng Xiaoli,Gao Jun,Sheng Wanxing,et al.A day-ahead two-stage optimal scheduling model for distribution network containing distributed generations[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1294-1300(in Chinese).
[18]黄伟,李玟萱,车文学.基于Stackelberg模型的主动配电网动态电价需求响应设计[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):70-77.Huang Wei,Li Minxuan,Che Wenxue.Stackelberg model based dynamic pricing demand response design for active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(14):70-77(in Chinese).
[19]赵洪山,王莹莹,陈松.需求响应对配电网供电可靠性的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):49-55.Zhao Hongshan,Wang Yingying,Chen Song.Impact of demand response on distribution system reliability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(17):49-55(in Chinese).
[20]高红均,刘俊勇,沈晓东,等.主动配电网最优潮流研究及其应用实例[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(6):1634-1645.Gao Hongjun,Liu Junyong,Shen Xiaodong,et al.Optimal power flow research in active distribution network and its application examples[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(6):1634-1645(in Chinese).
[21]Zhang C,Xu Y,Dong Z Y,et al.Robust coordination of distributed generation and price-based demand response in microgrids[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2017,PP(99):1-1.
[22]Khodaei A,Shahidehpour M,Bahramirad S.SCUC with hourly demand response considering intertemporal load characteristics[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2011,2(3):564-571.
[23]江道灼,郑欢.直流配电网研究现状与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(8):98-104.Jiang Daozhuo,Zheng Huan.Research status and developing prospect of dc distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2012,36(8):98-104(in Chinese).
[24]Baran M E,Wu F F.Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):1401-1407.
[2]沙熠,邱晓燕,宁雪姣,等.协调储能与柔性负荷的主动配电网多目标优化调度[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1394-1399.Sha Yi,Qiu Xiaoyan,Ning Xuejiao,et al.Multi-objective optimization of active distribution network by coordinating energy storage system and flexible load[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1394-1399(in Chinese).
[3]齐琛,汪可友,李国杰,等.交直流混合主动配电网的分层分布式优化调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(7):1909-1917.Qi Chen,Wang Keyou,Li Guojie,et al.Hierarchical and distributed optimal scheduling of AC/DC hybrid active distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(7):1909-1917(in Chinese).
[4]Frank S M,Rebennack S.Optimal design of mixed AC-DCdistribution systems for commercial buildings:a nonconvex generalized benders decomposition approach[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2015,242(3):710-729.
[5]Shaaban M F,Eajal A A,El-Saadany E F.Coordinated charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in smart hybrid AC/DC distribution systems[J].Renewable Energy,2015,82(1):92-99.
[6]Gan L,Li N,Topcu U,et al.Exact convex relaxation of optimal power flow in radial networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,2015,60(1):72-87.
[7]Huang S,Wu Q,Wang J,et al.A sufficient condition on convex relaxation of AC optimal power flow in distribution networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(2):1359-1368.
[8]Nick M,Cherkaoui R,Leboudec J Y,et al.An exact convex formulation of the optimal power flow in radial distribution networks including transverse components[J].IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,2018,63(3):682-697.
[9]韩禹歆,陈来军,王召健,等.基于自适应步长ADMM的直流配电网分布式最优潮流[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(11):26-37.Han Yuxin,Chen Laijun,Wang Zhaojian,et al.Distributed optimal power flow in direct current distribution network based on alternative direction method of multipliers with dynamic step size[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(11):26-37(in Chinese).
[10]刘一兵,吴文传,张伯明,等.基于混合整数二阶锥规划的主动配电网有功-无功协调多时段优化运行[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2575-2583.Liu Yibing,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.A mixed integer second-order cone programming based active and reactive power coordinated multi-period optimization for active distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2575-2583(in Chinese).
[11]Li Q,Ayyanar R,Vittal V.Convex optimization for DES planning and operation in radial distribution systems with high penetration of photovoltaic resources[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(3):985-995.
[12]Wang C,Wei W,Wang J,et al.Convex optimization based distributed optimal gas-power flow calculation[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2018,9(3):1145-1156.
[13]He Y,Shahidehpour M,Li Z,et al.Robust constrained operation of integrated electricity-natural gas system considering distributed natural gas storage[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2018,9(3):1061-1071.
[14]Kocuk B,Dey S S,Sun X.New formulation and strong MISOCPrelaxations for AC optimal transmission switching problem[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2017,32(6):4161-4170.
[15]Kuang X,Ghaddar B,Naoum-Sawaya J,et al.Alternative LP and SOCP hierarchies for ACOPF problems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(4):2828-2836.
[16]álvaro Lorca,Sun X A.The adaptive robust multi-period alternating current optimal power flow problem[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(2):1993-2003.
[17]孟晓丽,高君,盛万兴,等.含分布式电源的配电网日前两阶段优化调度模型[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1294-1300.Meng Xiaoli,Gao Jun,Sheng Wanxing,et al.A day-ahead two-stage optimal scheduling model for distribution network containing distributed generations[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1294-1300(in Chinese).
[18]黄伟,李玟萱,车文学.基于Stackelberg模型的主动配电网动态电价需求响应设计[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):70-77.Huang Wei,Li Minxuan,Che Wenxue.Stackelberg model based dynamic pricing demand response design for active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(14):70-77(in Chinese).
[19]赵洪山,王莹莹,陈松.需求响应对配电网供电可靠性的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):49-55.Zhao Hongshan,Wang Yingying,Chen Song.Impact of demand response on distribution system reliability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(17):49-55(in Chinese).
[20]高红均,刘俊勇,沈晓东,等.主动配电网最优潮流研究及其应用实例[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(6):1634-1645.Gao Hongjun,Liu Junyong,Shen Xiaodong,et al.Optimal power flow research in active distribution network and its application examples[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(6):1634-1645(in Chinese).
[21]Zhang C,Xu Y,Dong Z Y,et al.Robust coordination of distributed generation and price-based demand response in microgrids[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2017,PP(99):1-1.
[22]Khodaei A,Shahidehpour M,Bahramirad S.SCUC with hourly demand response considering intertemporal load characteristics[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2011,2(3):564-571.
[23]江道灼,郑欢.直流配电网研究现状与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(8):98-104.Jiang Daozhuo,Zheng Huan.Research status and developing prospect of dc distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2012,36(8):98-104(in Chinese).
[24]Baran M E,Wu F F.Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):1401-1407.