稻秆圆捆机辊盘式卷捆机构的设计及参数优化
|
摘要
为消除中小型钢辊式圆捆机收获完整稻秆时出现的堵塞现象及降低其卷捆功耗,设计了一种钢辊与侧圆盘组合式卷捆机构(简称辊盘式卷捆机构),并以此为基础自制了辊盘式卷捆机构试验装置且进行试验。选择影响辊盘式卷捆机构卷捆性能的主要因素:圆盘直径、钢辊转速、喂入量、长宽比(稻秆长度与卷捆室宽度的比值)为试验因素,以草捆形成率(草捆顺利形成次数与总试验次数的比值)和卷捆功耗为评价指标进行四因素五水平正交旋转组合试验。试验表明各因素影响草捆形成率的主次顺序为圆盘直径>喂入量>钢辊转速>长宽比;影响卷捆功耗的主次顺序为喂入量>钢辊0.75100%62.7 kJ/,此时草捆形成率为,卷捆功耗为捆,相比钢辊式圆捆机无堵塞现象发生,卷捆功耗降低。研究结果可为辊盘式圆捆机的结构及作业参数优化提供参考依据。
For efficient use of rice straw feed resources,rice straw bale silage technique has been developed in some countries like Japan and Korea.In China,rice straw silage is used very little,and rice straw is usually used as poor quality feed because of loose outdoor stacking,which leads to lower nutrient composition and poor palatability.In recent years,rice straw bale silage is being emphasized with the development of animal husbandry,rice combines and round balers.But small and medium-sized steel-roll round balers are main round balers developed in China,and it is easy to result in blocking in the head-feed rice combine(applied widely in rice harvesting) when round baler bales the intact rice straw.When harvesting intact rice straw using domestic small and medium-sized steel-roll round balers,in order to eliminate the blocking problem and reduce the baling power consumption,a baling mechanism which combined steel rolls and side disk was designed(called roll-disk baling mechanism for short).Then,the baling process of the roll-disk baling mechanism was analyzed from the aspects of mechanical and power consumption characteristics.Through mechanical analysis,the friction resistance of rice straw in baling process could be reduced,and the advance movement of rice straw in baling process could be boosted with the side disk,which would be beneficial to boost the formation of rotating straw bale core(the key of forming straw bale).Through power consumption analysis and pre-experiment,major factors influencing the baling performance of the roll-disk baling mechanism was decided as follows:disk diameter > rotational speed of steel roll > feeding quantity > length-width ratio(the ratio of straw length to width of baling chamber).These factors were also selected as the experimental factors,the straw baling formation rate(the ratio of number of straw baling formation to total number of experiment) and baling power consumption were used as the evaluation indices,and 4-factor and 5-level orthogonal rotational combinatorial experiment was conducted with the experimental equipment of the roll-disk baling mechanism.By the above experiments,the regression model for formation rate of straw bales and the regression model for baling power consumption were obtained,which could be used to forecast the formation rate of straw bales and the baling power consumption for the steel-roll baler according to the results of variance analysis.Experimental results showed that major factors influencing baling formation rate could be ranked as round disk diameter,feeding quantity,steel roll rotational speed,and length-width ratio in a descending order,round disk diameter had the greatest influence among these factors,and bigger round disk diameter was beneficial to rapid formation of rotating straw bale core,which then helped to increase the baling formation rate;major factors influencing baling power consumption could be ranked as feeding quantity,rotational speed of steel roll,length-width ratio,and disk diameter in a descending order,and feeding quantity had the greatest influence among these factors.By this experiment,the optimized combination of parameters was decided as follows:Disk diameter of 380 mm,rotational speed of steel roll of 247 r/min,feeding quantity of 1.7 kg/s,and length-width ratio of 0.75.With the optimal combination of parameters,the straw baling formation rate and the baling power consumption were 100%and 62.7 kJ per bale respectively through the verification test of the roll-disk baling mechanism.Compared with the steel-roll round baler,there was no blocking and the baling power consumption reduced,and the roll-disk baling mechanism showed a better performance.These findings can provide theoretical and technical basis for optimization of structure and operation parameters of the roll-disk round baler.
For efficient use of rice straw feed resources,rice straw bale silage technique has been developed in some countries like Japan and Korea.In China,rice straw silage is used very little,and rice straw is usually used as poor quality feed because of loose outdoor stacking,which leads to lower nutrient composition and poor palatability.In recent years,rice straw bale silage is being emphasized with the development of animal husbandry,rice combines and round balers.But small and medium-sized steel-roll round balers are main round balers developed in China,and it is easy to result in blocking in the head-feed rice combine(applied widely in rice harvesting) when round baler bales the intact rice straw.When harvesting intact rice straw using domestic small and medium-sized steel-roll round balers,in order to eliminate the blocking problem and reduce the baling power consumption,a baling mechanism which combined steel rolls and side disk was designed(called roll-disk baling mechanism for short).Then,the baling process of the roll-disk baling mechanism was analyzed from the aspects of mechanical and power consumption characteristics.Through mechanical analysis,the friction resistance of rice straw in baling process could be reduced,and the advance movement of rice straw in baling process could be boosted with the side disk,which would be beneficial to boost the formation of rotating straw bale core(the key of forming straw bale).Through power consumption analysis and pre-experiment,major factors influencing the baling performance of the roll-disk baling mechanism was decided as follows:disk diameter > rotational speed of steel roll > feeding quantity > length-width ratio(the ratio of straw length to width of baling chamber).These factors were also selected as the experimental factors,the straw baling formation rate(the ratio of number of straw baling formation to total number of experiment) and baling power consumption were used as the evaluation indices,and 4-factor and 5-level orthogonal rotational combinatorial experiment was conducted with the experimental equipment of the roll-disk baling mechanism.By the above experiments,the regression model for formation rate of straw bales and the regression model for baling power consumption were obtained,which could be used to forecast the formation rate of straw bales and the baling power consumption for the steel-roll baler according to the results of variance analysis.Experimental results showed that major factors influencing baling formation rate could be ranked as round disk diameter,feeding quantity,steel roll rotational speed,and length-width ratio in a descending order,round disk diameter had the greatest influence among these factors,and bigger round disk diameter was beneficial to rapid formation of rotating straw bale core,which then helped to increase the baling formation rate;major factors influencing baling power consumption could be ranked as feeding quantity,rotational speed of steel roll,length-width ratio,and disk diameter in a descending order,and feeding quantity had the greatest influence among these factors.By this experiment,the optimized combination of parameters was decided as follows:Disk diameter of 380 mm,rotational speed of steel roll of 247 r/min,feeding quantity of 1.7 kg/s,and length-width ratio of 0.75.With the optimal combination of parameters,the straw baling formation rate and the baling power consumption were 100%and 62.7 kJ per bale respectively through the verification test of the roll-disk baling mechanism.Compared with the steel-roll round baler,there was no blocking and the baling power consumption reduced,and the roll-disk baling mechanism showed a better performance.These findings can provide theoretical and technical basis for optimization of structure and operation parameters of the roll-disk round baler.
引文
[1]马君,马兴元,刘琪.生物质能源的利用与研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(4):2202-2206.Ma Jun,Ma Xingyuan,Liu Qi.Utilization and research progress of biomass energy[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(4):2202—2206.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]田红,廖正祝.农业生物质燃烧特性及燃烧动力学[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(10):203-212.Tian Hong,Liao Zhengzhu.Combustion characteristics and combustion kinetics of agriculture biomass[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(10):203-212.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]吴创之,刘华财,阴秀丽.生物质气化技术发展分析[J].燃料化学学报,2013,41(7):798-804.Wu Chuangzhi,Liu Huacai,Yin Xiuli.Status and prospects for biomass gasification[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2013,41(7):798—804.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]蔡亚庆,仇焕广,徐志刚.中国各区域秸秆资源可能源化利用的潜力分析[J].自然资源学报,2011'26(10):1637—1646.Cai Yaqing,Qiu Huanguang,Xu Zhigang.Evaluation on potentials of energy utilization of crop residual resources in different regions of China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(10):1637—1646.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]王激清,张宝英,刘社平,等.我国作物秸杆综合利用现状及问题分析[J].江西农业学报,2008,20(8):126-128.Wang Jiqing,Zhang Baoying,Liu Sheping,et al.Status and problem of comprehensive utilization of crop straw in China[J].Acta Agricu Lturae Jiangxi,2008,20(8):126—128.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]董宇,马晶,张涛,等.秸杆利用途径的分析比较[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):327-332.Dong Yu,Ma Jing,Zhang Tao,et al.Analysis and comparison of straw utilization[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(19):327—332.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]彭春艳,罗怀良,孔静.中国作物秸秆资源量估算与利用状况研究进展[J].中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(3):14-20.Peng Chunyan,Luo Huailiang,Kong Jing.Advance in estimation and utilization of crop residues resources in China[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2014,35(3):14—20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]刘军军,何春霞.水稻秸杆和淀粉基全降解装饰板的制备[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):283-288.Liu Junjun,He Chunxia.Preparation of rice straw and starch-based biodegradable decorative materials[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(6):283—288.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]杜韧,张晗,李丹.圆捆机成型室的试验与研究[J].北华航天工业学院学报,2010,20(5):1-3.Du Ren,Zhang Han,Li Dan.Experiment and research on forming box of wound bundler[J].Journal of North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering,2010,20(5):1—3.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]高林,董献华.半喂入式水稻联合收割机的发展历程及现状[J].农业机械,2003(10):32-33.
[11]王峰,尹健.小型半喂入水稻联合收割机设计研究[J].贵州科学,2013,31(5):39-42.Wang Feng,Yin Jian.Design of miniature half feeding rice combine harvester[J].Guizhou Science,2013,31(5):39—42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]杨磊,肖丽萍,耿兆奎,等.我国半喂入水稻联合收割机的现状与发展趋势分析[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(1):8-10.Yang Lei,Xiao Liping,Geng Zhaokui,et al.Present situation and development trend analysis of head-feed rice combine in China[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(1):8—10.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]华荣江,唐遵峰,叶宏艳,等.国外圆捆机械研究发展趋势[J].中国农机化,2012(3):23-26.Hua Rongjiang,Tang Zunfeng,Ye Hongyan,et al.Research and development tendency about balem domestic and overseas[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2012(3):23—26.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]王春光,马卫民,马赛,等.钢辊预压式圆捆机设计[J].农业工程,2011,1(2):17-20.Wang Chunguang,Ma Weimin,Ma Sai,et al.Design on round baler with preprcssing device[J].Agricultural Engineering,2011,1(2):17—20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]王春光,敖恩查,刑冀辉,等.钢辊外卷式圆捆打捆机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010'41(增刊1):102-106.Wang Chunguang,Ao Encha,Xing Jihui,et al.Design and experiment on round baler with revolute steel roller[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(Supp.1):102—106.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]王春光.钢辊外卷式圆捆机结构与原理[J].农业机械,2008(12A):43—45.
[17]吴德格吉乐胡.9YG-1.2型圆捆机喂入机构及成捆室分析研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.Wu Degejilehu.The Analysis and Research on the Feeding Mechanism and Bales Chamber of 9YG-1.2 Type Circular Binder[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural Uiniversity,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]魏忠,越文峰.牧草收获机械的现状与发展[J].农业机械,2016(13):38-39.
[19]杜韧,张立志.圆捆机成型室原理与发展趋势[J].农业机械,2007(18):78—79.
[20]王德福,蒋亦元,王吉权.钢辊式圆捆打捆机结构改进与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010'41(12):84-88.Wang Defu,Jiang Yiyuan,Wang Jiquan.Structureimproving and experiment of steel-roll round baler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(12):84—88.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]雷军乐,王德福,李东红,等.钢辊式圆捆机旋转草芯形成影响因素分析与优化[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(12):18-25.Lei Junle,Wang Defu,Li Donghong,et al.Influence factors analysis and optimization of forming rotary straw core by steel-roll round baler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(12):18—25.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Beno O.Round baler[J].Motleys Com,2014,2(1):27-37.
[23]Chaney M M,Patton S M.Round baler for baling crop residue:US,8677724 B2[P].2014-03-25.
[24]Bennett J M,Woodhouse N P,Keller T,et al.Advances in cotton harvesting technology:A review and implications for the john deere round baler cotton picker[J].Journal of Cotton Science,2015,19(2):225-249.
[25]雷军乐,王德福,张全超,等.完整稻杆卷压过程应力松弛试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):76-83.Lei Junle,Wang Defu,Zhang Quanchao,et al.Experiment on stress relaxation characteristics of intact rice straw during rotary compression[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(8):76—83.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]Varley S.A round baler for forming a bale from a crop product and a method:EP,3005854[P].2016-10-06.
[27]王德福,张全超,杨星,等.秸秆圆捆机捆绳机构的参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):55-61.Wang Defu,Zhang Quanchao,Yang Xing,et al.Parameter optimization and experiment of rope-winding mechanism of straw round balers[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(14):55—61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]高东明,王德成,李杰,等.青饲圆捆机对数螺线式成形装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):118-122.Gao Dongming,Wang Decheng,Li Jie,et al.Design and test of logarithmic spiral round baler chamber[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinety,2015,46(7):118—122.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]李叶龙,王德福,李东红,等.辊盘式圆捆机卷捆机理分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):45-52.Li Yelong,Wang Defu,Li Donghong,et al.Experiment and theoretical analyses of the baling mechanism of the roll-dik roundbaler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinety,2016,47(12):45—52.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]JB/T7145-1993,圆捆打捆机技术条件[S].
[2]田红,廖正祝.农业生物质燃烧特性及燃烧动力学[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(10):203-212.Tian Hong,Liao Zhengzhu.Combustion characteristics and combustion kinetics of agriculture biomass[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(10):203-212.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]吴创之,刘华财,阴秀丽.生物质气化技术发展分析[J].燃料化学学报,2013,41(7):798-804.Wu Chuangzhi,Liu Huacai,Yin Xiuli.Status and prospects for biomass gasification[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2013,41(7):798—804.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]蔡亚庆,仇焕广,徐志刚.中国各区域秸秆资源可能源化利用的潜力分析[J].自然资源学报,2011'26(10):1637—1646.Cai Yaqing,Qiu Huanguang,Xu Zhigang.Evaluation on potentials of energy utilization of crop residual resources in different regions of China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(10):1637—1646.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]王激清,张宝英,刘社平,等.我国作物秸杆综合利用现状及问题分析[J].江西农业学报,2008,20(8):126-128.Wang Jiqing,Zhang Baoying,Liu Sheping,et al.Status and problem of comprehensive utilization of crop straw in China[J].Acta Agricu Lturae Jiangxi,2008,20(8):126—128.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]董宇,马晶,张涛,等.秸杆利用途径的分析比较[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):327-332.Dong Yu,Ma Jing,Zhang Tao,et al.Analysis and comparison of straw utilization[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(19):327—332.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]彭春艳,罗怀良,孔静.中国作物秸秆资源量估算与利用状况研究进展[J].中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(3):14-20.Peng Chunyan,Luo Huailiang,Kong Jing.Advance in estimation and utilization of crop residues resources in China[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2014,35(3):14—20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]刘军军,何春霞.水稻秸杆和淀粉基全降解装饰板的制备[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):283-288.Liu Junjun,He Chunxia.Preparation of rice straw and starch-based biodegradable decorative materials[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(6):283—288.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]杜韧,张晗,李丹.圆捆机成型室的试验与研究[J].北华航天工业学院学报,2010,20(5):1-3.Du Ren,Zhang Han,Li Dan.Experiment and research on forming box of wound bundler[J].Journal of North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering,2010,20(5):1—3.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]高林,董献华.半喂入式水稻联合收割机的发展历程及现状[J].农业机械,2003(10):32-33.
[11]王峰,尹健.小型半喂入水稻联合收割机设计研究[J].贵州科学,2013,31(5):39-42.Wang Feng,Yin Jian.Design of miniature half feeding rice combine harvester[J].Guizhou Science,2013,31(5):39—42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]杨磊,肖丽萍,耿兆奎,等.我国半喂入水稻联合收割机的现状与发展趋势分析[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(1):8-10.Yang Lei,Xiao Liping,Geng Zhaokui,et al.Present situation and development trend analysis of head-feed rice combine in China[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(1):8—10.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]华荣江,唐遵峰,叶宏艳,等.国外圆捆机械研究发展趋势[J].中国农机化,2012(3):23-26.Hua Rongjiang,Tang Zunfeng,Ye Hongyan,et al.Research and development tendency about balem domestic and overseas[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2012(3):23—26.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]王春光,马卫民,马赛,等.钢辊预压式圆捆机设计[J].农业工程,2011,1(2):17-20.Wang Chunguang,Ma Weimin,Ma Sai,et al.Design on round baler with preprcssing device[J].Agricultural Engineering,2011,1(2):17—20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]王春光,敖恩查,刑冀辉,等.钢辊外卷式圆捆打捆机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010'41(增刊1):102-106.Wang Chunguang,Ao Encha,Xing Jihui,et al.Design and experiment on round baler with revolute steel roller[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(Supp.1):102—106.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]王春光.钢辊外卷式圆捆机结构与原理[J].农业机械,2008(12A):43—45.
[17]吴德格吉乐胡.9YG-1.2型圆捆机喂入机构及成捆室分析研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.Wu Degejilehu.The Analysis and Research on the Feeding Mechanism and Bales Chamber of 9YG-1.2 Type Circular Binder[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural Uiniversity,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]魏忠,越文峰.牧草收获机械的现状与发展[J].农业机械,2016(13):38-39.
[19]杜韧,张立志.圆捆机成型室原理与发展趋势[J].农业机械,2007(18):78—79.
[20]王德福,蒋亦元,王吉权.钢辊式圆捆打捆机结构改进与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010'41(12):84-88.Wang Defu,Jiang Yiyuan,Wang Jiquan.Structureimproving and experiment of steel-roll round baler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(12):84—88.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]雷军乐,王德福,李东红,等.钢辊式圆捆机旋转草芯形成影响因素分析与优化[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(12):18-25.Lei Junle,Wang Defu,Li Donghong,et al.Influence factors analysis and optimization of forming rotary straw core by steel-roll round baler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(12):18—25.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Beno O.Round baler[J].Motleys Com,2014,2(1):27-37.
[23]Chaney M M,Patton S M.Round baler for baling crop residue:US,8677724 B2[P].2014-03-25.
[24]Bennett J M,Woodhouse N P,Keller T,et al.Advances in cotton harvesting technology:A review and implications for the john deere round baler cotton picker[J].Journal of Cotton Science,2015,19(2):225-249.
[25]雷军乐,王德福,张全超,等.完整稻杆卷压过程应力松弛试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):76-83.Lei Junle,Wang Defu,Zhang Quanchao,et al.Experiment on stress relaxation characteristics of intact rice straw during rotary compression[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(8):76—83.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]Varley S.A round baler for forming a bale from a crop product and a method:EP,3005854[P].2016-10-06.
[27]王德福,张全超,杨星,等.秸秆圆捆机捆绳机构的参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):55-61.Wang Defu,Zhang Quanchao,Yang Xing,et al.Parameter optimization and experiment of rope-winding mechanism of straw round balers[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(14):55—61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]高东明,王德成,李杰,等.青饲圆捆机对数螺线式成形装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):118-122.Gao Dongming,Wang Decheng,Li Jie,et al.Design and test of logarithmic spiral round baler chamber[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinety,2015,46(7):118—122.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]李叶龙,王德福,李东红,等.辊盘式圆捆机卷捆机理分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):45-52.Li Yelong,Wang Defu,Li Donghong,et al.Experiment and theoretical analyses of the baling mechanism of the roll-dik roundbaler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinety,2016,47(12):45—52.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]JB/T7145-1993,圆捆打捆机技术条件[S].