综放开采覆岩离层形成机理
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摘要
以济宁二号煤矿采空区疏放水异常为例,基于组合梁原理得到离层发育层位判别公式对工作面离层发育位置进行预计,利用离散元软件UDEC对工作面离层动态发育过程及分布规律进行模拟,通过三维地震对离层发育层位及分布范围进行探测。结果表明,工作面达到充分采动后,最大离层约发育于顶板60 m的泥岩与上部厚层中细砂岩之间。依据薄板弹性理论,通过计算离层上下位岩层板的挠度差来预计离层体积,可作为采场顶板可发育离层最大总体积。
Taking the anomaly of dredging and draining water in the Jining No.2 coalmine as an example,this study predicts the development position of bed separation in the discriminant formula based on the composed rock beam theory,simulates the dynamic development process and distribution regularity of bed separation using discrete element software UDEC,and probe the position and spread of bed separation through 3D seismic.The result shows that the maximum bed separation developed in the larger gap between mudstone and middle-fine sandstone after the working face completed,the distance between the gap and coal seam is 60 m approximately.Based on the elastic thin plate theory,the study predicts the volume of bed separation by calculating the difference of deflection between upper and down rock plate.The predictive value can be used as the maximum total volume of bed separation developed in seam roof.
Taking the anomaly of dredging and draining water in the Jining No.2 coalmine as an example,this study predicts the development position of bed separation in the discriminant formula based on the composed rock beam theory,simulates the dynamic development process and distribution regularity of bed separation using discrete element software UDEC,and probe the position and spread of bed separation through 3D seismic.The result shows that the maximum bed separation developed in the larger gap between mudstone and middle-fine sandstone after the working face completed,the distance between the gap and coal seam is 60 m approximately.Based on the elastic thin plate theory,the study predicts the volume of bed separation by calculating the difference of deflection between upper and down rock plate.The predictive value can be used as the maximum total volume of bed separation developed in seam roof.
引文
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[5]张建全,廖国华,黄在文,等.综放开采条件下覆岩离层动态发育规律[J].北京科技大学学报,2001,23(6):492-494.Zhang Jianquan,Liao Guohua,Huang Zaiwen,et al.Dynamic principles of development of Strata(bed)separation by fully mechanized top coal caving[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2001,23(6):492-494.
[6]苏仲杰,于广明,杨伦.覆岩离层变形力学机理数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1287-1290.Su Zhongjie,Yu Guangming,Yang Lun.Numerical simulation on mechanism of deformation of separated strata in overburden[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1287-1290.
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[8]郭惟嘉,刘立民,沈光寒,等.采动覆岩离层性确定方法及离层规律的研究[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(1):39-44.Guo Weijia,Liu Limin,Shen Guanghan,et al.Determination of overburden separation and their rules after coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1995,20(1):39-44.
[9]赵德深,徐涛,刘文生,等.水平及缓倾斜煤层开采条件下离层值的计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S2):5767-5772.Zhao Deshen,Xu Tao,Liu Wensheng,et al.Calculation of bed separation under horizontally and generally inclined coal seam mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S2):5767-5772.
[10]朱卫兵,王晓振,孔翔,等.覆岩离层区积水引发的采场突水机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):306-311.Zhu Weibing,Wang Xiaozhen,Kong Xiang,et al.Study of mechanism of stope water inrush caused by water accumulation in overburden separation areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):306-311.
[11]乔伟,李文平,李小琴.采场顶板离层水“静水压涌突水”机制及防治[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(1):96-104.Qiao Wei,Li Wenping,Li Xiaoqin.Mechanism of“Hydrostatic Water-Inrush”and countermeasures for water inrush in roof bed separation of a mining face[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2011,28(1):96-104.
[12]乔伟,李文平,孙如华,等.煤矿特大动力突水动力冲破带形成机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(11):1726-1733.Qiao Wei,Li Wenping,Sun Ruhua,et al.Formation mechanism of dynamic impact failure zone of super dynamic water inrush in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(11):1726-1733.
[13]乔伟,黄阳,袁中帮,等.巨厚煤层综放开采顶板离层水形成机制及防治方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):2076-2084.Qiao Wei,Huang Yang,Yuan Zhongbang,et al.Formation and prevention of water inrush from roof bed separation with full-mechanized caving mining of ultra thick coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):2076-2084.
[14]李小琴.坚硬覆岩下重复采动离层水涌突机制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2011.Li Xiaoqin.Study on the inrush mechanism of the water in bed separation due to repeated coal mining under hard rock[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2011.
[15]杨伦,于广明,王旭春,等.煤矿覆岩采动离层位置的计算[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(5):477-480.Yang Lun,Yu Guangming,Wang Xuchun,et al.Calculation of position of separated strata due to mining in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1997,22(5):477-480.
[16]王长俊,郝延锦.关于岩层移动过程中的离层位置判别[J].煤炭技术,2008,27(5):140-141.Wang Changjun,Hao Yanjin.Study on separated strata mechanism in coal mine[J].Coal Technology,2008,27(5):140-141.
[17]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:18-20.
[18]李文平,乔伟,乐建,等.采场顶板离层水涌水机理与防治技术研究[R].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008:39-49.Li Wenping,Qiao Wei,Le Jian,et al.Study on the inrush mechanism and prevention of the water in bed separation due to coal mining[R].Xuzhou:China Unirersity of Mining and Technology,2008:39-49.
[19]刘心广,周玉华,周广华,等.矿井深部开采煤层顶板覆岩离层量化技术研究报告[R].北京:北京派特森科技发展有限公司,2013:41-47.Liu Xinguang,Zhou Yuhua,Zhou Guanghua,et al.Quantitative study of roof bed separation in coal deep mining[R].Beijing:Beijing Petrosound Geoservices Limited,2013:41-47.
[20]韩强,黄小清,宁建国.高等板壳理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[21]杨伦.对采动覆岩离层注浆减沉技术的再认识[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(4):352-356.Yang Lun.Re-understand the technology of reducing the subsidence due to mining by injecting grouts into separated beds in overlying disrupted strata by extraction[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2002,27(4):352-356.
[2]许家林,钱鸣高,金宏伟.岩层移动离层演化规律及其应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,24(5):632-636.Xu Jialin,Qian Minggao,Jin Hongwei.Study and application of bed separation distribution and development in the process of strata movement[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,24(5):632-636.
[3]Lin S.Displacement discontinuities and stress changes between roof strata and their influence on longwall mining under aquifers[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1993,11(1):37-50.
[4]滕永海,阎振斌.采动过程中覆岩离层发育规律的研究[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(1):25-28.Teng Yonghai,Yan Zhenbin.Study on law of overburden split developing in mining process[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1999,24(1):25-28.
[5]张建全,廖国华,黄在文,等.综放开采条件下覆岩离层动态发育规律[J].北京科技大学学报,2001,23(6):492-494.Zhang Jianquan,Liao Guohua,Huang Zaiwen,et al.Dynamic principles of development of Strata(bed)separation by fully mechanized top coal caving[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2001,23(6):492-494.
[6]苏仲杰,于广明,杨伦.覆岩离层变形力学机理数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1287-1290.Su Zhongjie,Yu Guangming,Yang Lun.Numerical simulation on mechanism of deformation of separated strata in overburden[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1287-1290.
[7]赵德深,陈雄,覃丽坤,等.采动覆岩离层的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S1):5164-5167.Zhao Deshen,Chen Xiong,Qin Likun,et al.Numerical simulation on mining induced bed separation of overlying strata[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):5164-5167.
[8]郭惟嘉,刘立民,沈光寒,等.采动覆岩离层性确定方法及离层规律的研究[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(1):39-44.Guo Weijia,Liu Limin,Shen Guanghan,et al.Determination of overburden separation and their rules after coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1995,20(1):39-44.
[9]赵德深,徐涛,刘文生,等.水平及缓倾斜煤层开采条件下离层值的计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S2):5767-5772.Zhao Deshen,Xu Tao,Liu Wensheng,et al.Calculation of bed separation under horizontally and generally inclined coal seam mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S2):5767-5772.
[10]朱卫兵,王晓振,孔翔,等.覆岩离层区积水引发的采场突水机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):306-311.Zhu Weibing,Wang Xiaozhen,Kong Xiang,et al.Study of mechanism of stope water inrush caused by water accumulation in overburden separation areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):306-311.
[11]乔伟,李文平,李小琴.采场顶板离层水“静水压涌突水”机制及防治[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(1):96-104.Qiao Wei,Li Wenping,Li Xiaoqin.Mechanism of“Hydrostatic Water-Inrush”and countermeasures for water inrush in roof bed separation of a mining face[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2011,28(1):96-104.
[12]乔伟,李文平,孙如华,等.煤矿特大动力突水动力冲破带形成机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(11):1726-1733.Qiao Wei,Li Wenping,Sun Ruhua,et al.Formation mechanism of dynamic impact failure zone of super dynamic water inrush in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(11):1726-1733.
[13]乔伟,黄阳,袁中帮,等.巨厚煤层综放开采顶板离层水形成机制及防治方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):2076-2084.Qiao Wei,Huang Yang,Yuan Zhongbang,et al.Formation and prevention of water inrush from roof bed separation with full-mechanized caving mining of ultra thick coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):2076-2084.
[14]李小琴.坚硬覆岩下重复采动离层水涌突机制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2011.Li Xiaoqin.Study on the inrush mechanism of the water in bed separation due to repeated coal mining under hard rock[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2011.
[15]杨伦,于广明,王旭春,等.煤矿覆岩采动离层位置的计算[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(5):477-480.Yang Lun,Yu Guangming,Wang Xuchun,et al.Calculation of position of separated strata due to mining in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1997,22(5):477-480.
[16]王长俊,郝延锦.关于岩层移动过程中的离层位置判别[J].煤炭技术,2008,27(5):140-141.Wang Changjun,Hao Yanjin.Study on separated strata mechanism in coal mine[J].Coal Technology,2008,27(5):140-141.
[17]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:18-20.
[18]李文平,乔伟,乐建,等.采场顶板离层水涌水机理与防治技术研究[R].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008:39-49.Li Wenping,Qiao Wei,Le Jian,et al.Study on the inrush mechanism and prevention of the water in bed separation due to coal mining[R].Xuzhou:China Unirersity of Mining and Technology,2008:39-49.
[19]刘心广,周玉华,周广华,等.矿井深部开采煤层顶板覆岩离层量化技术研究报告[R].北京:北京派特森科技发展有限公司,2013:41-47.Liu Xinguang,Zhou Yuhua,Zhou Guanghua,et al.Quantitative study of roof bed separation in coal deep mining[R].Beijing:Beijing Petrosound Geoservices Limited,2013:41-47.
[20]韩强,黄小清,宁建国.高等板壳理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[21]杨伦.对采动覆岩离层注浆减沉技术的再认识[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(4):352-356.Yang Lun.Re-understand the technology of reducing the subsidence due to mining by injecting grouts into separated beds in overlying disrupted strata by extraction[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2002,27(4):352-356.