近56年四川地区不同季节昼夜降水特征分析
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摘要
本文利用四川地区1961～2016年141个气象站降水资料,分析了四川地区四季夜间和白天降水时空变化分布特征,结果表明:(1)四季夜间降水量占总降水量超过60%和夜间降水次数占总降水次数50%以上的区域分布相似且占四川大部分地区,盆地西部沿山地带以及川东南部分地区四季的夜间降水量和降水次数比值皆较大,攀西地区和川西高原部分地区在多数季节比值也相对较大,而川东北四季的夜间降水同白天降水基本相当。(2)四季的昼夜降水量、春季昼夜以及冬季白天的降水次数的气候趋势系数总体呈现为以盆地西部沿山边缘为分界,川西增加川东减少,增加和减少趋势的分布范围在不同季节有所增减;夏季和秋季的昼夜以及冬季夜间的降水次数除了高原部分地区为弱增加趋势外,四川地区整体表现为减少趋势,且秋季整个降水次数在四川东部以及攀西地区通过99%显著性检验水平。(3)整个四川地区白天和夜间降水次数呈线性减少而降水量在白天和夜间不同季节增减趋势不一致;总的来说,四季夜间降水的年代际变化较白天相对更明显,不同季节昼夜降水在不同年代的线性增减表现不一致,但秋季夜间和白天降水量和降水次数基本在2000年左右之前为线性减少趋势,之后为增加。
Based on the precipitation data of 141 stations in Sichuan Province from 1961 to 2016,the spatial and temporal variations of precipitation amount and frequency during the night and day periods in four seasons are analyzed. The results show that:( 1) the distribution of the precipitation account for more than 60% in four seasons in most areas of Sichuan Province are similar to frequency more than 50% at nighttime. Precipitation amount and frequency during the nighttime in four seasons in western mountainous area of Basin and parts of southeastern Sichuan are large,and in other parts of Panxi and Western Sichuan plateau the precipitation amount and frequency during the nighttime are large too. Nighttime precipitation in northeastern Sichuan is almost the same as that in daytime precipitation.( 2) The climatic trend coefficients of precipitation amount at nighttime and daytime in four seasons,precipitation frequency at nighttime and daytime in spring,daytime in winter generally show a trend of increasing in Western Sichuan and decreasing in eastern Sichuan. The distribution areas of increasing and decreasing trends are different in different seasons. In addition to the weak increasing trend in some areas of the plateau,the precipitation frequency during the daytime and nighttime in autumn and nighttime in winter showed a decreasing trend in Sichuan,and the decreasing trend in autumn in eastern Sichuan and Panxi passed 99% significance test level.( 3) The precipitation frequency at nighttime and daytime in the whole Sichuan area decreased linearly,but the trend of the precipitation amount is different in different seasons at nighttime and daytime. Generally speaking,the inter-decadal variation of the precipitation in the four seasons at nighttime is more obvious than that in the daytime,and the linear trend of precipitation in different seasons and different periods of the day are different. But in autumn,the precipitation amount and frequency decreased linearly before 2000 and then increased.
Based on the precipitation data of 141 stations in Sichuan Province from 1961 to 2016,the spatial and temporal variations of precipitation amount and frequency during the night and day periods in four seasons are analyzed. The results show that:( 1) the distribution of the precipitation account for more than 60% in four seasons in most areas of Sichuan Province are similar to frequency more than 50% at nighttime. Precipitation amount and frequency during the nighttime in four seasons in western mountainous area of Basin and parts of southeastern Sichuan are large,and in other parts of Panxi and Western Sichuan plateau the precipitation amount and frequency during the nighttime are large too. Nighttime precipitation in northeastern Sichuan is almost the same as that in daytime precipitation.( 2) The climatic trend coefficients of precipitation amount at nighttime and daytime in four seasons,precipitation frequency at nighttime and daytime in spring,daytime in winter generally show a trend of increasing in Western Sichuan and decreasing in eastern Sichuan. The distribution areas of increasing and decreasing trends are different in different seasons. In addition to the weak increasing trend in some areas of the plateau,the precipitation frequency during the daytime and nighttime in autumn and nighttime in winter showed a decreasing trend in Sichuan,and the decreasing trend in autumn in eastern Sichuan and Panxi passed 99% significance test level.( 3) The precipitation frequency at nighttime and daytime in the whole Sichuan area decreased linearly,but the trend of the precipitation amount is different in different seasons at nighttime and daytime. Generally speaking,the inter-decadal variation of the precipitation in the four seasons at nighttime is more obvious than that in the daytime,and the linear trend of precipitation in different seasons and different periods of the day are different. But in autumn,the precipitation amount and frequency decreased linearly before 2000 and then increased.
引文
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[2]左洪超,吕世华,胡隐樵.中国近50年气温及降水量的变化趋势分析[J].高原气象,2004,23(2):238-244
[3]陈隆勋,周秀骥,李维亮.中国近80年来气候变化特征及其形成机制[J].气象学报,2004,62(5):634-646
[4]王颖,施能,顾骏强,等.中国雨日的气候变化[J].大气科学,2006,30(1):162-170
[5]马振锋,彭骏,高文良,等.近40年西南地区的气候变化事实[J].高原气象,2006,25(4):633-642
[6]周长艳,李跃清,彭骏.高原东侧川渝盆地降水与水资源特征及变化[J].大气科学,2006,30(6):1217-1226
[7]周长艳,李跃清,房静,等.高原东侧川渝盆地东西部夏季降水及其大尺度环流特征[J].高原山地气象研究,2008,28(2):1-9
[8]朱艳峰,宇如聪.川西地区夏季降水的年际变化特征及与大尺度环流的联系[J].大气科学,2003,27(6):1045-1056
[9]李跃清.气候诊断分析中的相空间EOF方法[J].四川气象,1997,17(4)67-69
[10]周强,李国平,毛文书.川渝地区夏季降水与赤道印度洋海温的诊断分析[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(7):1187-1195
[11]李跃清,张琪.西南地区夏季云量与降水的关系特征分析[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(3):441-453
[12]胡迪,李跃清.青藏高原东侧四川地区夜雨时空变化特征[J].大气科学,2015,39(1):161-179
[13]周长艳,岑思弦,李跃清,等.四川省近50年降水的变化特征及影响[J].地理学报,2011,66(5):619-630
[14]李川,陈静,何光碧.青藏高原东侧陡峭地形对一次强降水天气过程的影响[J].高原气象,2006,25(3):442-450
[15]薛羽君,白爱娟,李典.四川盆地降水日变化特征分析和个例模拟[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(8):885-894
[16]周春花,青泉,师锐. 21世纪以来四川强对流天气特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2009,29(4):40-44
[17]衡志炜,李平.基于测雨雷达资料的青藏高原东坡夏季降水的分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2017,37(3):10-15
[18]宇如聪,李建.中国大陆日降水峰值时间位相的区域特征分析[J].气象学报,2016,71(1):18-30
[19]段春锋,曹雯,缪启龙,等.中国夏季夜雨的空间分布特征[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(11):1935-1944
[20]唐红玉,顾建峰,余胜宾,等.西南地区降水日变化特征分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(2):376-384
[21]李跃清,张晓春.“雅安天漏”研究进展[J].暴雨灾害,2011,30(4):289-295
[22]雷坤江,假拉,肖天贵.利用FY2E卫星降水资料对西藏地区降水日变化特征分析[J].成都信息工程大学学报,2016,31(1):86-93
[23]沈沛丰,张耀存.四川盆地夏季降水日变化的数值模拟[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):860-868
[24]卢萍,宇如聪,周天军. 2003年8月“巴山夜雨”过程的模拟和分析研究[J].气象学报,2008,66(3):371-380
[25]徐裕华,王宗德,王明,等.西南气候[M].北京:气象出版社,1991,298pp
[26]Sato T,Kimura F. A two-dimensional numerical study on diurnal cycle of mountain lee precipitation[J]. J. Atmos. Sci.,2003,60(15):1992-2003
[27]Yu Rucong,Peng Guikang,et al. Research on“Ya-An-Tian-Lou”-PartⅢ:The physical structure and possible mechanism[J]. Scientia Atmospherica Sinica,1994,18(6):649-659
[28]吕炯.巴山夜雨[J].气象学报,1942,16(S1):36-53
[29]丁俊伟,吴战平,高秋沙.贵州的夜雨特征[J].贵州气象,2010,34(2):13-14,17
[30]Ueno K,Takano S,Kusaka H. Nighttime precipitation induced by a synoptic-scale convergence in the central Tibetan Plateau[J]. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan,2009,87(3):459-472
[31]周长艳,肖安,高文良. 2004-2013年“雨城”雅安的降水日变化特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(6):1524-1533
[32]周秋雪,李跃清,蒋兴文,等.“雅安天漏”降水变化气候特征的分析[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(2):343-353
[33]曾波,闫彩霞,余莲.我国南方地区1960-2009年冬季气温分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(2):46-52
[34]施能,陈家其,屠其璞.中国近100年来4个年代际的气候变化特征[J].气象学报,1995,53(4):431-439
[35]施能.北半球冬季大气环流遥相关的长期变化及其与我国气候变化的关系[J].气象学报,1996,54(6):675-683